Oiahcr: online isolated arabic handwritten character recognition using neural network.

In this paper, an online isolated Arabic handwritten character recognition system is introduced. The system can be adapted to achieve the demands of hand-held and digital tablet applications. To achieve this goal, despite of single neural networks, four neural networks are used, one for each cluster of characters. Feed forward back propagation neural networks are used in classification process. This approach is employed as classifiers due to the low computation overhead during training and recall process. The system recognizes on-line isolated Arabic character and achieves an accuracy rate 9٥. 7% from untrained writers and 99.1% for trained writers

Detection of Text Lines of Handwritten Arabic Manuscripts using Markov Decision Processes

In a character recognition systems, the segmentation phase is critical since the accuracy of the recognition depend strongly on it. In this paper we present an approach based on Markov Decision Processes to extract text lines from binary images of Arabic handwritten documents. The proposed approach detects the connected components belonging to the same line by making use of knowledge about features and arrangement of those components. The initial results show that the system is promising for extracting Arabic handwritten lines

An Overview of Forensic Linguistics and its Application in Real-Life Cases

Treballs Finals del Grau d'Estudis Anglesos, Facultat de Filologia, Universitat de Barcelona. Curs: 2022-2023. Tutora: Núria Gavaldà[eng] Forensic linguistics is an emerging multidisciplinary field within applied linguistics that focuses on the various intersections between language and law. To ensure a fair and effective legal process, it is crucial to have an understanding of linguistic principles in order to avoid misinterpretations or misunderstandings. This study provides a general overview of the expansive field of forensic linguistics and highlights its diverse contributions to the criminal justice system. It provides a summary of prominent legal cases and analyses the intersection between forensic linguistics and applied linguistics. Therefore, this end-of-degree paper aims to demonstrate how this field of linguistics can play a key role when it comes to solving legal cases. To develop such analysis, this investigation will be making reference to multiple distinguished forensic linguists and their involvement in solving legal and criminal cases.[cat] La lingüística forense és un camp multidisciplinari emergent dins de la lingüística aplicada que se centra en les diferents interseccions entre la llengua i el dret. Per garantir un procés legal just i eficaç, és crucial tenir una comprensió dels principis lingüístics per evitar interpretacions errònies o malentesos. Aquest estudi ofereix una visió general de l'ampli camp de la lingüística forense i destaca les seves diverses contribucions al sistema de justícia penal. Ofereix un resum de casos legals destacats i analitza la intersecció entre la lingüística forense i la lingüística aplicada. Per tant, aquest treball de fi de grau pretén demostrar com aquest àmbit de la lingüística pot tenir un paper clau a l'hora de resoldre casos judicials. Per desenvolupar aquesta anàlisi, aquesta investigació farà referència a múltiples lingüistes forenses distingits i la seva implicació en la resolució de casos legals i penals

Processing Fluency in Education: How Metacognitive Feelings Shape Learning, Belief Formation, and Affect

Processing fluency—the experienced ease with which a mental operation is performed has attracted little attention in educational psychology, despite its relevance. The present article reviews and integrates empirical evidence on processing fluency that is relevant to school education. Fluency is important, for instance, in learning, self-assessment of knowledge, testing, grading, teacher–student communication, social interaction in the multicultural classroom, and emergence of interest. After a brief overview of basic fluency research we review effects of processing fluency in three broad areas: metacognition in learning, belief formation, and affect. Within each area, we provide evidence-based implications for education. Along the way, we offer fluency-based insights into phenomena that were long known but not yet sufficiently explained (e.g., the effect of handwriting on grading). Bringing fluency (back) to education may contribute to research and school practice alike

Recognition of handwritten mathematical expressions

Thesis (S.B. and M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 58-59).This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.In recent years, the recognition of handwritten mathematical expressions has received an increasing amount of attention in pattern recognition research. The diversity of approaches to the problem and the lack of a commercially viable system, however, indicate that there is still much research to be done in this area. In this thesis, I will describe an on-line approach for converting a handwritten mathematical expression into an equivalent expression in a typesetting command language such as TEX or MathML, as well as a feedback-oriented user interface which can make errors more tolerable to the end user since they can be quickly corrected. The three primary components of this system are a method for classifying isolated handwritten symbols, an algorithm for partitioning an expression into symbols, and an algorithm for converting a two-dimensional arrangements of symbols into a typeset expression. For symbol classification, a Gaussian classifier is used to rank order the interpretations of a set of strokes as a single symbol. To partition an expression, the values generated by the symbol classifier are used to perform a constrained search of possible partitions for the one with the minimum summed cost. Finally, the expression is parsed using a simple geometric grammar.by Nicholas E. Matsakis.S.B.and M.Eng

Application for the search of text in handwritten notes for mobile devices

In this document you will find information about the creation of the handwritten search application. This project's main objective is developing an application for searching words from a document filled with pen strokes. Nowadays there are applications allowing users to load handwritten notes, save and edit drawings, and much more. However, none of them implement the much-needed functionality of searching text from handwritten notes. It is right here where my application comes in handy offering a unique solution. This project will cover many aspects such as the basics of developing an application, learning how the Samsung Pen SDK works and explaining all the background process that is needed to create the search functionality. In addition, it will describe the difficulties that I have found during the process of developing the application.En este documento encontrará información sobre la creación de la aplicación de búsqueda manuscrita. El objetivo principal de este proyecto es desarrollar una aplicación para buscar palabras de un documento lleno de trazos de lápiz. Hoy en día existen aplicaciones que permiten a los usuarios cargar notas manuscritas, guardar y editar dibujos, y mucho más. Sin embargo, ninguno de ellos implementa la tan necesaria funcionalidad de buscar texto en notas manuscritas. Es aquí donde mi aplicación es útil y ofrece una solución única. Este proyecto cubrirá muchos aspectos, como los aspectos básicos del desarrollo de una aplicación, cómo funciona Samsung Pen SDK y explica todo el proceso de fondo que se necesita para crear la funcionalidad de búsqueda. Además, describirá las dificultades que encontré durante el proceso de desarrollo de la aplicación.En aquest document trobareu informació sobre la creació de l'aplicació de cerca manuscrita. L'objectiu principal d'aquest projecte és desenvolupar una aplicació per buscar paraules d'un document ple de traços de ploma. Actualment hi ha aplicacions que permeten als usuaris carregar notes manuscrites, guardar i editar dibuixos, i molt més. Tanmateix, cap d'ells implementa la funcionalitat tan necessària de cercar text a partir de notes escrites a mà. És aquí on la meva aplicació és útil i ofereix una solució única. Aquest projecte abastarà molts aspectes com ara els fonaments del desenvolupament d'una aplicació, l'aprenentatge del funcionament del Samsung Pen SDK i explicant tot el procés de fons necessari per crear la funcionalitat de cerca. A més, descriurà les dificultats que he trobat durant el procés de desenvolupament de l'aplicació

Recent development of the HMM-based speech synthesis system (HTS)

A statistical parametric approach to speech synthesis based on hidden Markov models (HMMs) has grown in popularity over the last few years. In this approach, spectrum, excitation, and duration of speech are simultaneously modeled by context-dependent HMMs, and speech waveforms are generate from the HMMs themselves. Since December 2002, we have publicly released an open-source software toolkit named “HMM-based speech synthesis system (HTS)” to provide a research and development toolkit for statistical parametric speech synthesis. This paper describes recent developments of HTS in detail, as well as future release plans

From Stalemate to Deadlock : Clement’s Letter to Theodore in Recent Scholarship

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