Genetic control of renal tumorigenesis by the mouse Rtm1 locus

BACKGROUND: The genetic basis of susceptibility to renal tumorigenesis has not yet been established in mouse strains. Mouse lines derived by bidirectional phenotypic selection on the basis of their maximal (AIRmax) or minimal (AIRmin) acute inflammatory responsiveness differ widely in susceptibility to spontaneous and urethane-induced renal tumorigenesis. To map the functional loci modulating renal tumor susceptibility in these mice, we carried out a genome-wide genetic linkage study, using SNP arrays, in an (AIRmax x AIRmin)F2 intercross population treated with a single urethane dose at 1 week of age and phenotyped for renal tumors at 35 weeks of age. RESULTS: AIRmax mice did not develop renal tumors spontaneously nor in response to urethane, whereas in AIRmin mice renal tumors formed spontaneously (in 52% of animals) and after urethane induction (89%). The tumors had a papillary morphology and were positive for alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase and negative for CD10. By analysis of 879 informative SNPs in 662 mice, we mapped a single quantitative trait locus modulating the incidence of renal tumors in the (AIRmax x AIRmin)F2 intercross population. This locus, which we named Renal tumor modifier QTL 1 (Rtm1), mapped to chromosome 17 at 23.4 Mb (LOD score = 15.8), with SNPs rs3696835 and rs3719497 flanking the LOD score peak. The A allele of rs3719497 from AIRmin mice was associated with a 2.5-fold increased odds ratio for renal tumor development. The LOD score peak included the Tuberous sclerosis 2 (Tsc2) gene which has already been implicated in kidney disease: loss of function by germline retroviral insertion is associated with spontaneous renal tumorigenesis in the Eker rat, and heterozygous-null Tsc2((+/-)) mice develop renal cystadenomas. CONCLUSIONS: We mapped Rtm1 as a single major locus modulating renal tumorigenesis in a murine intercross population. Thus, the AIR mouse lines can be considered a new genetic model for studying the role of germline and somatic molecular alterations in kidney neoplastic disease

Analisis Kinerja Routerboard 433 Dan Bullet M5

Perkembangan teknologi wireless saat ini sudah sangat berkembang, dalam menggunakan wireless maka koneksi internet akan lebih mudah dan murah. Maka diperlukan identifikasi kelemahan pada alat yang digunakan untuk lebih baik kedepannya dalam meningkatkan kecepatan transfer data. Pada pengujian ini dilakukan pengujian terhadap alat RB 433 dan Bullet M5 pada jaringan wireless dari sisi kecepatan upload dan download. Metode pengujian ini menggunakan pengujian point to point dengan menganalisa perbedaan kecepatan dari alat yang digunakan. Dari hasil pengujian ini dapat diperoleh hasil berdasarkan analisa dan pengujian alat RouterBoard 433 dengan Bullet M5 di PT. Mega Tirta Alami (10km), PT. Wisanka (20km), PT. Globalindo (30km) alat pointing yang sesuai buat ISP Buana Lintas Media adalah Bullet M5 karena dapat mentransfer data atau dilalui bandhwith dengan kapasitas yang besar di banding dengan RB 433

Advances in inhalation therapy in pediatrics

OBJETIVOS: Revisar os artigos mais relevantes a respeito dos aspectos técnicos da terapêutica inalatória, dos inaladores disponíveis e principalmente dos principais avanços obtidos na inaloterapia em pediatria. FONTES DOS DADOS: Foram revisados os artigos contidos na base de dados MEDLINE a partir de 1983, além de capítulos de livros, e selecionados os de maior importância de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos para este artigo. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Os nebulizadores convencionais apresentam uma série de inconveniências, sendo que inaladores com desempenho melhorado pela respiração e os ativados pela respiração são opções mais atrativas. Dentre os inaladores de pó seco, destacam-se os que utilizam mecanismos passivos e ativos de dispersão de pó, que propiciam maiores taxas de deposição pulmonar das drogas. Entre os inaladores pressurizados dosimetrados destacam-se os ativados pela respiração, os coordenados pela respiração e os modificadores de velocidade. Devem ser usados preferencialmente em conjunto com espaçadores, pois a utilização deste aumenta em até duas vezes a deposição pulmonar das drogas. CONCLUSÕES: Para menores de 8 anos, os inaladores pressurizados dosimetrados com espaçadores são os mais adequados, dada a sua praticidade associada à elevada deposição pulmonar que proporcionam. Nos maiores de 8 anos capazes de gerar altos fluxos inspiratórios, os dispositivos de pó são os mais indicados.OBJECTIVES: To review the most relevant articles regarding the technical aspects of inhalation therapy, inhalers currently available, and especially major advances in inhalation therapy in pediatrics. SOURCES: Articles of MEDLINE database from 1983 were reviewed, in addition to book chapters, and the most important studies were selected according to the criteria established for this article. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: Conventional nebulizers have a number of inconveniences, and breath-enhanced and breath-actuated inhalers are more attractive options. Among dry powder inhalers, we highlight those using passive and active powder dispersion mechanisms, which provide higher rates of drug deposition in the lung. Among pressurized metered-dose inhalers, we highlight breath-actuated, breath-coordinated, and velocity-modifying inhalers. These inhalers should be used preferably together with spacers, since the use of spacers produces a twofold increase in pulmonary drug deposition. CONCLUSIONS: For children younger than 8 years, pressurized metered-dose inhalers with spacers are the most appropriate devices, since they provide a practical approach associated with greater lung deposition. In children older than 8 years who can generate high inspiratory flow rates, dry powder devices are best suited.Marco Antônio Pereira Muchã

FEM calculations current flow for submerged arc furnaces and eddy currents-heat transfer for power cables

Along this proyect, FEMM program will be used. FEMM is a suite of programs for solving low frequency electromagnetic problems on 2-Dimensional planar and axisymmetric domains. The program currently addresses linear/nonlinear magntostatic problems, linear/nonlinear time harmonic magnetic problems, linear electrostatic problems, and steady-state heat flow problems.Ingeniería Industria

Offshore Platform Provides Venue to Test New Technologies

OPSTAR Program OverviewThe Offshore Platform Security Threat Awareness and Response Program (OPSTAR 2013) was an integrated series of training, field experiments, and exercise events planned and conducted by the Naval Postgraduate School Center for Asymmetric Warfare. It was conducted to explore the unique issues within homeland security, homeland defense, emergency response and emergency management presented by safety and security threats to offshore oil and gas platforms. In addition, the program provided an operationally relevant venue for the research and field experimentation of developing and transitional technologies related to maritime domain awareness

Aerosolterapia

La administración de sustancias terapéuticas a través de aerosoles permite un depósito selectivo a nivel pulmonar, alcanzando altas concentraciones locales del medicamento inhalado y reduciendo los efectos sistémicos adversos. El tamaño adecuado de partícula, la correcta técnica inhalatoria y una buena adherencia al tratamiento, son factores  fundamentales para asegurar un mejor efecto de los aerosoles terapéuticos. La determinación del sistema generador de aerosoles a utilizar dependerá, entre otros, de la edad del paciente,  del tipo de fármaco y de las características de la condición a tratar. Tanto los aerosoles generados por Inhalador de Dosis Medida presurizados, Nebulizadores y/o Inhaladores de Polvo Seco, tienen condiciones bien establecidas para  su utilización. El mejor entendimiento de la cinética de los aerosoles, del desarrollo e innovación de  los sistemas generadores,  de nuevas formulaciones medicamentosas y del mayor conocimiento del comportamiento in vivo de las partículas inhaladas, entre otros, abre proyecciones interesantes no tan solo, en el tratamiento de las enfermedades respiratorias, sino que en otra serie de afecciones sistémicas

Extended WIFI network design model for ubiquitous emergency events

Telecommunication is the exchange of information and data over significant distance by electronic means. During extreme events such as natural disasters and urgent events it becomes more and more important to preserve the communication devices and infrastructure to exchange information between rescue teams and persons in damaged zone based on their area. When extreme event happens, many communication scenarios can be considered. We focus on a the case of destruction of traditional communication networks during an emergency event such as natural disasters in which it is important to find an alternative network architecture to prevent the death and injury of thousands of people. The rescue teams are unable to locate and communicate with victims on right time. This work presents network architectural design model to extend the range of WIFI networks and help people access to Internet or get rescue when the damage affects the most existing telecommunication networks. This model is validated by analyzing two communication scenarios