Adsorpsi Toluena pada Arang Aktif Tempurung Kemiri

ADSORPSI TOLUENA PADA ARANG AKTIF TEMPURUNG KEMIRI ABSTRAK Telah diteliti adsorpsi toluena pada arang aktif yang dibuat dari tempurung kemiri yang diaktivasi dengan ZnCl2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan parameter adsorpsi, yaitu kapasitas dan energi adsorpsi. Parameter tersebut dihitung dari persamaan regresi linear yang diperoleh dari data adsorpsi toluena pada arang aktif dalam sistem tertutup yang dianalisis menggunakan model isoterm adsorpsi Dubinin-Raduskevich. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa arang aktif tempurung kemiri dapat mengadsorpsi toluena dengan kapasitas adsorpsi sebesar 0,094 cm3/g dan nilai energi adsorpsi, yaitu 2,56 kJ/mol. Selain itu dilakukan pula penentuan waktu setimbang adsorpsi arang aktif tempurung kemiri terhadap toluena dengan berbagai variasi waktu. Hasilnya menunjukkan arang aktif tempurung kemiri mencapai keadaan setimbang terhadap toluena pada waktu 5 jam. Kata kunci: Adsorpsi, Karbon Aktif, Tempurung Kemiri TOLUENE ADSORPTION ON CANDLENUT SHELL ACTIVATED CARBON ABSTRACT The adsorption of toluene on activated charcoal prepared ​​from candlenut (Aleurites moluccana) shell activated with ZnCl2 was investigated. This investigation was aimed to calculate the adsorption parameters which were adsorption capacity and energy of toluene on the adorbent. The parameters were calculated using linear regression equation derived from data of acetone adsorption on the activated carbon in a closed system and were analyzed using Dubinin-Raduskevich adsorption isotherm model. The results obtained indicated that the candlenut shell activated charcoal had adsorption capacity value of 0.094 cm3/g and the adsorption energy values of 2.56 kJ / mol. Besides, the time required to reach equilibrium state for the adsorption of toluene on the adsorbat was conducted. The results showed that the adsorption state was obtained in 5 hours

Kinetics of Gaseous Toluene Adsorption on Candlenut Shell Activated Carbon

KINETICS OF GASEOUS TOLUENE ADSORPTION ON CANDLENUT SHELL ACTIVATED CARBON ABSTRACT Adsorption kinetics of gaseous toluene on activated carbon prepared from candlenut shell had been studied. The research was performed by examining adsorption data, which was obtained in previous research, over several rate equations, which were: (1) Lagergren's pseudo first order rate equation, (2) Ho's pseudo second order rate equation, (3) Elovich's equation, and (4) persamaan Ritchie's equation. The result showed that the data of toluene adsorption on candlenut shell activated carbon fits the Ho's pseudo second order rate equation and, hence, the model is the most applicable model for the adsorption. Calculation from linear regression of Ho's pseudo second order rate equation gave the equilibrium adsorption capacity value of 56,069 mg g-1, second order rate constant of 3,54x10–4 g mg-1 min-1, and initial adsorption rate of 1,112 mg g-1 min-1. Keywords: adsorption, candlenut, activated carbon, toluene KINETIKA ADSORPSI GAS TOLUENA PADA KARON AKTIF TEMPURUNG KEMIRI ABSTRAK Studi mengenai aspek kinetika adsorpsi toluena pada arang aktif yang terbuat dari tempurung kemiri telah dilakukan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menguji data adsorpsi yang telah diperoleh pada penelitian terdahulu menggunakan empat persamaan laju adsorpsi, yaitu (1) persamaan laju pseudo order pertama Lagergren, (2) persamaan laju pseudo order kedua Ho, (3) persamaan Elovich, dan (4) persamaan Ritchie. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa model kinetika dengan persamaan laju pseudo order kedua Ho adalah yang paling sesuai diaplikasikan untuk adsorpsi gas toluena pada arang aktif tempurung kemiri. Dari persamaan linear untuk model kinetika pseudo order kedua Ho diperoleh nilai kapasitas adsorpsi pada kesetimbangan sebesar 56,069 mg g-1, konstanta adsorpsi sebesar 3,54x10–4 g mg-1 menit-1, dan laju adsorpsi awal sebesar 1,112 mg g-1 menit-1

PEMANFAATAN ARANG TEMPURUNG KEMIRI (Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.) SEBAGAI ADSORBEN PADA PEMURNIAN MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT MENTAH/CRUDE PALM OIL (CPO)

Crude Palm Oil (CPO) is the main product of the oil palm fresh fruit bunch processing results. Cooking oil can be made from CPO with through a process of refinery and fractionation. Has done research on the utilization of shell charcoal candlenut as the adsorbent for the refinery of CPO. The variables used in this study is the mass of the adsorbent (10, 15, 20, and 25 g), temperature variations (100, 110, 120, 130 and 140oC) and the stirring time variation (0.5, 1, 2, 2.5, and 3 hours). The parameters analyzed is the analysis of the levels of free fatty acids, the color, and β-carotene. The results showed that the lowest content of free fatty acids (ALB) at temperature treatment is obtained at 120 oC, shell charcoal candlenut mass 25 g (12.5% w/w the CPO), and long stirring 1 hour. As for the lowest color parameters obtained at the treatment temperature 130 °C, shell charcoal candlenut mass 15 g (7.5% w/w the CPO), and long stirring 1 hour. Shell charcoal candlenut can be used as adsorbents on refinery of CPO.Minyak kelapa sawit mentah atau Crude Palm Oil (CPO) adalah produk utama hasil pengolahan buah kelapa sawit. Minyak goreng kelapa sawit dapat dibuat dari CPO dengan melalui proses pemurnian dan pemisahan. Telah dilakukan penelitian pemanfaatan arang tempurung kemiri sebagai adsorben untuk pemurnian CPO. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah massa adsorben (5,10, 15,20, dan 25 g), variasi suhu (100, 110, 120, 130 dan 1400C) dan variasi waktu pengadukan (0,5, 1, 2, 2,5, dan 3 jam). Parameter yang dianalisis adalah analisis kadar asam lemak bebas, warna dan karoten. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan Asam Lemak Bebas (ALB) terendah diperoleh pada perlakuan suhu 120 oC, massa arang tempurung kemiri 25 g (12,5 % terhadap CPO), dan lama pengadukan 1 jam.  Sedangkan untuk parameter warna terendah diperoleh pada perlakuan suhu 130 oC, massa arang tempurung kemiri 15 g (7,5 % terhadap CPO), dan lama pengadukan 1 jam. Arang tempurung kemiri dapat digunakan sebagai adsorben pada pemurnian CPO

ADSORPSI ION LOGAM Cr (VI) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KARBON AKTIF DARI TEMPURUNG KEMIRI (ALEURITES MOLUCCANA)

The purpose of the study was to find out the characteristics and morphology of adsorbent material from candlenut shell to absorbing Cr(VI) metal ion, the effect of stirring time, initial concentration and solution pH adsorbat  on efficiency and capacity of absorption, reaction kinetics, and isotherm adsorption. The fixed variables are adsorbent mass, adsorbate solution volume and stirrer speed.  While the variable that changes consists of the concentration of adsorbate solution, stirring time, and pH. Making activated carbon using NaOH activator with a ratio = 3: 1 and pyrolysis process at a temperature of 700oC for 1 hour. From the results of the adsorption equilibrium research achieved in 150 minutes, 25% absorption efficiency (100 mg/L), adsorption capacity of 3.6 mg/g (200 mg/L). The optimum absorption efficiency occurs in an acidic atmosphere with pH 2-4. Adsorption kinetics followed a second order kinetics model with R2 = 0.999, kenetic constant value (K2) of 8.329 min-1 and adsorption capacity value at equilibrium (qe) of 3.5714 mg/g. Adsorption isotherms follow Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherms because they have a large R2 value. SEM analysis shows that there are many pores on the surface of the activated carbon after the chemical activation process with sodium hydroxide

Kinetika Adsorpsi Gas Benzena Pada Karbon Aktif Tempurung Kelapa

Telah diteliti kinetika adsorpsi gas benzena pada karbon aktif tempurung kelapa yang diaktivasi dengan NaCl dengan tujuan menentukan model kinetika yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk adsorpsi gas benzena pada karbon aktif tempurung kelapa. Data adsorpsi dianalisis dengan menggunakan empat model persamaan laju adsorpsi yaitu (1) persamaan laju order pertama pseudo Lagergren, (2) persamaan laju order kedua pseudo Ho, (3) persamaan Elovich, dan (4) persamaan Ritchie. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa model kinetika dengan persamaan laju order ke-2 pseudo Ho adalah yang paling sesuai diaplikasikan untuk adsorpsi gas benzena pada karbon aktif tempurung kelapa. Dari model kinetika order ke-2 pseudo Ho diperoleh konstanta adsorpsi benzena sebesar 1,63x10-4 g mg-1 min-1. Nilai energi adsorpsi menunjukkan bahwa benzena teradsorpsi secara fisik pada adsorben.Kinetics of gaseous benzene adsorption on coconut shell NaCl-activated carbon had been studied. The research was aimed to determine the appropriate kinetic model applied to gaseous benzene adsorption on the adsorbent. Adsorption data was analyzed using four kinetic models of adsorption rate equation, which were (1) Lagergren’s pseudo first order rate equation, (2) Ho’s pseudo second order rate equation, (3) Elovich‘s equation, and (4) Ritchie’s equation. The results showed that the Ho’s pseudo second order rate equation was best applied to gaseous benzene adsorption on coconut shell activated carbon. The second order rate constant for benzene adsorption was 1.63x10-4 g mg-1 min-1. The value of adsorption energy showed that benzene was physically adsorbed on the adsorbent

Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Carbon Nanotube (CNT) dari Kulit Durian dengan Menggunakan Metode Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD)

Hasil yang didapatkan dari karakterisasi FTIR dengan melihat puncak-puncak hasil sintesis memiliki kemiripan dengan puncak-puncak yang muncul pada referensi sehingga diasumsikan adanya gugus fungsi CNT dengan hasil yang sangat sedikit. Dari hasil karakterisasi XRD terdapat CNT dengan melihat dari adanya dua gelombang dengan nilai 2θ sesuai dengan referensi yang mengatakan bahwa adanya CNT meskipun CNT yang dihasilkan dalam jumlah yang sangat sedikit. Dari hasil karakterisasi SEM CNT yang dihasilkan merupakan kumpulan dari beberapa CNT yang terbentuk setelah proses CVD. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh CNT yang dihasilkan dalam jumlah yang sangat sedikit

Analysis of health risk and respiratory complaints on footwear craftsman exposed to Toluene vapour

Background: The primary effect of toluene on the respiratory tract following inhalation is irritation. This study was conducted to analyze the level of health risks and respiratory complaints due to toluene exposure by footwear craftsmen, in order to get scientific reference for Maximum Contaminant Level and working tenure restriction. Design and Methods: A total of 51 footwear craftsmen from eight factories participated in this study. The toluene concentration in the work environment was measured according to National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health 1501. Moreover, data were collected using an American Thoracic Society standardized questionnaire to assess respiratory health effects. A characterization of risk model was to analyze the toluene exposure risk and suggest improvements. Results: The results showed toluene levels were over the Threshold Limit Value 20 ppm (138.88 ppm). The most commonly observed respiratory symptoms included coughing by 81.3% and cold by 85.7%, Symptoms of respiratory irritation by 72.7%, higher among workers who were highly exposed to toluene above the median. This is observed from the opportunity value (P-value) of toluene exposure with the characteristics the workers of each variable which was less than 0.05 work station and working tenure. Maximum Contaminant Level of toluene is 4.59 ppm, a safe working tenure restriction for toluene exposure is maximum 25 years. Conclusions: The recommended risk control measures include ventilation improvements, personal hygiene and protection of workers through periodic physical examinations

ADSORPSI TOLUENA PADA ARANG AKTIF TEMPURUNG KEMIRI

ADSORPSI TOLUENA PADA ARANG AKTIF TEMPURUNG KEMIRI ABSTRAK Telah diteliti adsorpsi toluena pada arang aktif yang dibuat dari tempurung kemiri yang diaktivasi dengan ZnCl2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan parameter adsorpsi, yaitu kapasitas dan energi adsorpsi. Parameter tersebut dihitung dari persamaan regresi linear yang diperoleh dari data adsorpsi toluena pada arang aktif dalam sistem tertutup yang dianalisis menggunakan model isoterm adsorpsi Dubinin-Raduskevich. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa arang aktif tempurung kemiri dapat mengadsorpsi toluena dengan kapasitas adsorpsi  sebesar 0,094 cm3/g dan nilai energi adsorpsi, yaitu 2,56 kJ/mol.  Selain itu dilakukan pula penentuan waktu setimbang adsorpsi arang aktif tempurung kemiri terhadap toluena dengan berbagai variasi waktu. Hasilnya menunjukkan arang aktif tempurung kemiri mencapai keadaan setimbang terhadap toluena pada waktu 5 jam. Kata kunci: Adsorpsi, Karbon Aktif, Tempurung Kemiri  TOLUENE ADSORPTION ON CANDLENUT SHELL ACTIVATED CARBON ABSTRACT The adsorption of toluene on activated charcoal prepared ​​from candlenut (Aleurites moluccana) shell activated with ZnCl2 was investigated. This investigation was aimed to calculate the adsorption parameters which were adsorption capacity and energy of toluene on the adorbent. The parameters were calculated using linear regression equation derived from data of acetone adsorption on the activated carbon in a closed system and were analyzed using Dubinin-Raduskevich adsorption isotherm model. The results obtained indicated that the candlenut shell activated charcoal had adsorption capacity value of 0.094 cm3/g and the adsorption energy values of 2.56 kJ / mol. Besides, the time required to reach equilibrium state for the adsorption of toluene on the adsorbat was conducted. The results showed that the adsorption state was obtained in 5 hours. Keywords: Adsorption , Activated Carbon, Candlenut Shell</jats:p