"Getting Switzerland to move”: E valuation of a new "Sport for All” programme

Summary: Objectives: Even though sports participation in Switzerland appears to be quite elevated, recent research suggests that only about a third of the population are doing enough sports from a health perspective. Methods: Against this background several Swiss health insurance companies together with the Swiss Olympic Association have recently developed a novel approach to get people to start physical exercise: Under the label of > sport clubs offer training and information courses aimed at motivating and helping previously inactive people to take on regular exercise. Results: The paper presents results from an interdisciplinary evaluation of the first three years of the > campaign. Starting from an overview of the basic idea and features of the campaign it asks whether > has reached its self-declared goal of "getting Switzerland moving”. Available evidence on the social background of participants and their further activities shows that by systematically avoiding any reference to conventional notions of sport and by stressing the health and fun aspect instead, > has indeed managed to mobilise an important group with underaverage levels of activity (particularly middle-aged women). In addition, on average the level of physical exercise of participants appears to have increased. Yet, the number of participants is below the original target values and, contrary to the campaign's initial goal, participants are reluctant to leave the programme after one course to take up an independent activity or to join a club. Conclusions: The paper explores the achievements and problems of the campaign so far and offers an explanation of recent problems which can also serve as a basis for the implementation of similar programmes in other countrie

Sudden cardiac death among general population and sport related population in forensic experience.

PURPOSE: The goal of the study was to assess the causes and analyze the cases of sudden cardiac death (SCD) victims referred to the department of forensic medicine in Lausanne, with a particular focus on sports-related fatalities including also leisure sporting activities. To date, no such published assessment has been done nor for Switzerland nor for the central Europe. METHODS: This is a retrospective study based on autopsy records of SCD victims, from 10 to 50 years of age, performed at the University Centre of Legal Medicine in Lausanne from 1995 to 2010. The study population was divided into two groups: sport-related (SR) and not sport-related (NSR) SCDs. RESULTS: During the study period, 188 cases of SCD were recorded: 166 (88%) were NSR and 22 (12%) SR. The mean age of the 188 victims was 37.3 ± 10.1 years, with the majority of the cases being male (79%). A cause of death was established in 84%, and the pathology responsible for death varied according to the age of the victims. In the NSR group, the mean age was 38.2 ± 9.2 years and there was 82% of male. Coronary artery disease (CAD) was the main diagnosis in the victims aged 30-50 years. The majority of morphologically normal hearts were observed in the 15-29 year age range. There was no case in the 10-14 year age range. In the SR group, 91% of victims died during leisure sporting activities. In this group the mean age was 30.5 ± 13.5 years, with the majority being male (82%). The main cause of death was CAD, with 6 cases (27%) and a mean age of 40.8 ± 5.5 years. The youngest victim with CAD was 33 years old. A morphologically normal heart was observed in 5 cases (23%), with a mean age of 24.4 ± 14.9 years. The most frequently implicated sporting activities were hiking (26%) and swimming (17%). CONCLUSION: In this study, CAD was the most common cause of death in both groups. Although this pathology most often affects adults over 35 years of age, there were also some victims under 35 years of age in both groups. SCDs during sport are mostly related to leisure sporting activities, for which preventive measures are not yet usually established. This study highlights also the need to inform both athletes and non athletes of the cardiovascular risks during sport activities and the role of a forensic autopsy and registries involving forensic pathologists for SR SCD

К вопросу о современном французском спортивном дискурсе

Категории современного французского дискурса. Спортивная языковая картина мира современного француза. Структурные компонены французского спортивного дискурса, их содержаниеyesБелгородский государственный университе

Analisi di parametri ematici significativi nel controllo e nella valutazione dell’allenamento sportivo nel cane e in altre specie animali di riferimento

RIASSUNTO Gli AA. hanno analizzato in una review in varie specie animali e razze diverse le modificazioni fisiologiche che si possono determinare in seguito ad allenamento sportivo, in riferimento in particolare al cavallo ed al cane. Gli AA. inoltre hanno utilizzato personali ricerche sperimentali condotte in cani di varie razze (pastore tedesco, segugio, levriero, setter inglese, spinone). Sono stati presi in considerazione vari parametri ematici ormonali (T3, T4, TRH, TSH, cortisolo ed altri) e non ormonali (lattato, LDH, carnitina, CK ed altri) significativi nell’impegno muscolare e nell’allenamento sportivo. Tali indici sono stati considerati nei valori assoluti e relativi. Scopo specifico di questa valutazione è proporre un test sperimentale di campo per il controllo e la valutazione in corso di allenamento del soggetto atleta, con particolare riferimento al cane. Gli AA. inoltre hanno preso in considerazione problematiche di fisiologia della nutrizione legate alla conduzione dell’attività sportiva e la possibilità di intervenire con integrazioni alimentari. In questo quadro rilevanza specifica è stata data al valore di integrazioni a base di l-carnitina. SUMMARY In this review, the Authors describe some physiological modifications in different animal species (with a reference to dogs and horses) and breeds in consequence of the athlete’s training. The Authors report also the results of personal specific experimental researches performed in different breeds of dogs (shepherd dog, bloodhound, greyhound, english setter and griffon). In particular, the Authors considered various haematic parameters, with a particular reference to some hormonal (T3, T4, TRH, TRH-mRnA, TSH, ACTH, cortisol, and others) and not hormonal (lactate, LDH, carnitin, ALP, CKcreatinphosphokinase-, CK-MB, CK-MM and others) parameters, significant in the athlete’s training and in the muscular effort. These parameters were analysed by both absolute and relative methods, comparing the results obtained in different animal species and breeds. The results described could be useful to the develop a set of laboratory tests in order to better evaluate the muscular effort of the athlete, for a practical using in the athlete’s training, with a particular reference to different breeds of dogs (shepherd dog, bloodhound, greyhound, english setter and griffon). Finally, the Authors considered some nutritional physiology problems related to the athlethe’s training and evaluated the effects of a diet integration. Interesting results were obtained after diet integration with l-carnitin in various breeds of dogs (shepherd dog, bloodhound, greyhound, english setter and griffon), in the horse and in other species

WTO-Thesaurus

Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, einen raschen Überblick über die Thesaurusthematik aus sprachwissenschaftlicher, normativer und wissenschaftstheoretischer Sicht zu geben. Diese Einführung in die Thesaurusarbeit umfasst die Darstellung der historischen Entwicklung von Thesauri und gibt Aufschluss über die Komponenten, die bei der Erstellung und Weiterentwicklung von ein- und mehrsprachigen Thesauri berücksichtigt werden müssen. Neben einer Abgrenzung zur Klassifikation, die zu einem Exkurs in die Thematik der Begriffsbildung führt, wird auch die Thesaurusnormung näher beleuchtet. Gestützt auf das DOT-Modell von Will wird ferner der Nutzen der in der Arbeit terminologisch untersuchten Thesaurusstrukturen für eine dolmetschorientierte Terminologiearbeit im Bereich Tourismus herausgearbeitet. Ausgehend vom WTO-Thesaurus werden weiters Probleme, die bei der Erstellung und Weiterentwicklung von ein- und mehrsprachigen Thesauri, insbesondere Klassifizierungsprobleme sowie die komplexe Thematik der terminologischen und begrifflichen Kontrolle des Thesaurusvokabulars, praxisrelevant analysiert und Lösungsvorschläge geboten. Am Beispiel der aktuell laufenden Arbeiten am Normentwurf ISO WD 25964, der Projektgruppe ISO/TC 46/SC9, kann der Bedarf einer Adaptierung der Normen im Bereich von Information und Dokumentation an den technischen Fortschritt expliziert werden. Auf den Seiten 105, 107, 113, 116, 118 und 119 befinden sich Abbildungen

Apport Nutritionnel Des Aliments Consommés Par Les Adolescents De L’école Congolaise De Basket Ball « Gametime » De Brazzaville

Notre étude avait pour objectif d’évaluer l’énergie apportée par les aliments consommés par les adolescents de l’école congolaise de Basket-ball (GAMETIME) pendant la période d’entrainement et comparer ces apports aux normes recommandées par les nutritionnistes. Une enquête de consommation alimentaire a été menée auprès de 10 joueurs dont l’âge moyen était de 15,03 ± 3,65 ans. Le poids moyen était de 41,57 ± 5,18kg, tandis que la taille moyenne des sujets était de 1,69 ± 0,09m.  La méthode utilisée était celle de rappel de 24 heures. Les résultats ont indiqué que 70% des sujets prennent 2 repas par jour et ces repas sont constitués de déjeuner (60%) et du diner (30%). Toutefois, l’apport nutritionnel trouvé était de 3717,12 kilocalories. Tandis que la dépense énergétique était estimée à 2827,29 ±128,87 kilocalories. Par ailleurs, les pourcentages des apports étaient respectivement de 68,95 % en glucides (˃ à 60 %), de   19,52 % en lipides (< à 30 %) et de 11,53 % en protides (< à 15 %). Cependant, les apports énergétiques trouvés étaient supérieurs aux dépenses énergétiques, soit une différence de 889,83 ± 3,38 kilocalories a été constatée. La balance énergétique était plus dominée par des apports que des dépenses. Ces apports répondaient superficiellement aux normes recommandées. En conclusion, l’apport en macronutriment a montré des pourcentages incohérents par rapport aux normes recommandés. L’alimentation des basketteurs adolescents congolais était non seulement hyper glucidique mais malheureusement hypo lipidique et hypo protéique. Ces macronutriments déséquilibrés sont considérés comme facteurs limitants de performance. Our study aimed to evaluate the energy provided by the foods consumed by adolescents from the Congolese basketball school (GAMETIME) during the training period and to compare these contributions to the standards recommended by nutritionists. A food consumption survey was conducted among 10 players whose average age was 15.03 ± 3.65 years. The average weight was 41.57 ± 5.18 kg, while the average height of the subjects was 1.69 ± 0.09 m. The method used was the 24 hour callback. The results indicated that 70% of the subjects took 2 meals per day and these meals consisted of lunch (60%) and dinner (30%). However, the nutrient intake found was 3717.12 kilocalories. While the energy expenditure was estimated at 2827.29 ± 128.87 kilocalories. In addition, the percentages of intakes were respectively 68.95% in carbohydrates (˃ to 60%), 19.52% in lipids (<30%) and 11.53% in proteins (<15%). However, the energy intake found was greater than the energy expenditure, a difference of 889.83 ± 3.38 kilocalories was observed. The energy balance was more dominated by intakes than expenditures. These contributions superficially met the recommended standards. In conclusion, the macronutrient intake showed inconsisten percentages compared to the recommended standards. The diet of Congolese adolescent basketball players was not only high in carbohydrates but unfortunately low in fat and low in protein. These imbalanced macronutrients are considered as performance limiting factors

Déploiement et mise à jour de coupes de concavité

RÉSUMÉ : Dans le cadre de minimisation concave, un type de problème d'optimisation quadratique, nommé bilinéaire disjoint (BILD), peut se reformuler en deux problèmes linéaires symétriques MinMax (LMM). Comme les solutions optimales de BILD et de ses reformulations LMM sont liées par une simple bijection, la question de notre travail de recherche s'agit profiter de cette reformulation pour résoudre BILD. Dans la littérature, une technique de calcul, appelée coupe de concavitée, proposée par Tuy [39] en 1964, s'avère importante afin de résoudre les BILD. L'algorithme basé uniquement sur cette technique n'est pas sûrement de convergence finie. Cela est dû à plusieurs problèmes, parmi lesquels nous citons : le problème de dégénérescene et le problème de cumul des coupes. Depuis, des chercheurs tentent d'améliorer la convergence de l'algorithme des plans coupants. Pour ce faire, ils ont intégré cet algorithme avec d'autres techniques de calcul. En effet, Konno [23] a introduit la technique Mountain Climbing en 1971 pour évaluer à chaque itération une solution locale. Avec l'usage des pseudo-sommets, Marcus [34] a developpé en 1999 des coupes similaires à celles de Tuy en décomposant le cône polyèdral. En 2001, Alarie et al. ont traité le problème de dégénérescence et ont exploité la technique de "Branch and Bound" pour les instances BILD de grande dimension. La recherche proposée dans ce mémoire se situe dans la continuation de ces travaux. Nous proposons deux nouvelles stratégies pour la génération de coupes de concavité. Dans la première, nous avons élaboré une mise à jour dynamique des coupes après qu'une améioration de la valeur objectif soit faite. Dans la seconde, au lieu que les coupes soient associées à des sommets, nous les avons associées aux pseudo-sommets. Ces deux nouvelles stratégies sont testées numériquement sur un ensemble de problèmes tests tirés de la littérature ainsi que sur une collection de problèmes générés aléatoirement.----------ABSTRACT : In the context of concave minimisation, a type of quadratic optimization problem, called BILD problem, can be reformulated into two symmetrical linear MinMax problems LMM. As there is a simple bijection between the optimal solution of BILD and their reformulations LMM, our research question is to take advantage of this reformulations for solving BILD. In the litterature, a computation technique , called concavity cut, proposed by Tuy [39] in 1964, has been shown to be useful solving the BILD problem. However, it is still unknown whether the nite convergence of a cutting planes algorithm can be enforced by the concavity cut itself or not. This is due to several problems, among which we mention : the degeneracy problem and the accumulation of cuts. Since then, researchers have attempted to improve the convergence of the cutting planes algorithm. To achieve this, they have integrated the algorithm with other computation techniques. Indeed, Konno [23] introduced in 1971 the mountain climbing (MC) technique to evaluate in each iteration a local optimal solution. In 1999, Marcus [34] used the pseudo-vertices to developed similar Tuy cuts by decomposing the polyhedral cone. Alarie and al. treated in 2001 the degeneracy problem ant they have exploited the "Branch and Bound" technique for solvign BILD instances with large dimensions. The proposed research in this project is the continuation of this works. Thus, we proposed two ways for deploying cuts. In the rst one, we dynamically update previously generated cuts after an improvement of the objective function value. In the second, instead rooting the cuts at vertices, we root them at pseudo-vertices. These two new strategies are tested numerically on a set of test problems issued from the literature as well as on a collection of randomly generated instances