1 research outputs found
A Dynamic Data Structure for Temporal Reachability with Unsorted Contact Insertions
Temporal graphs represent interactions between entities over the time. These
interactions may be direct (a contact between two nodes at some time instant),
or indirect, through sequences of contacts called temporal paths (journeys).
Deciding whether an entity can reach another through a journey is useful for
various applications in communication networks and epidemiology, among other
fields. In this paper, we present a data structure which maintains temporal
reachability information under the addition of new contacts (i.e., triplets
indicating that node and node interacted at time ). In
contrast to previous works, the contacts can be inserted in arbitrary order --
in particular, non-chronologically -- which corresponds to systems where the
information is collected a posteriori (e.g. when trying to reconstruct
contamination chains among people). The main component of our data structure is
a generalization of transitive closure called timed transitive closure (TTC),
which allows us to maintain reachability information relative to all nested
time intervals, without storing all these intervals, nor the journeys
themselves. TTCs are of independent interest and we study a number of their
general properties. Let be the number of nodes and be the number of
timestamps in the lifetime of the temporal graph. Our data structure answers
reachability queries regarding the existence of a journey from a given node to
another within given time interval in time ; it has an amortized
insertion time of ; and it can reconstruct a valid journey that
witnesses reachability in time , where is the maximum
number of edges of this journey. Finally, the space complexity of our
reachability data structure is , which remains within the
worst-case size of the temporal graph itself.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures, 2 algorithm