Evaluation of Luminex xTAG Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel Assay for Detection of Multiple Diarrheal Pathogens in Fecal Samples in Vietnam.

Diarrheal disease is a complex syndrome that remains a leading cause of global childhood morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis of enteric pathogens in a timely and precise manner is important for making treatment decisions and informing public health policy, but accurate diagnosis is a major challenge in industrializing countries. Multiplex molecular diagnostic techniques may represent a significant improvement over classical approaches. We evaluated the Luminex xTAG gastrointestinal pathogen panel (GPP) assay for the detection of common enteric bacterial and viral pathogens in Vietnam. Microbiological culture and real-time PCR were used as gold standards. The tests were performed on 479 stool samples collected from people admitted to the hospital for diarrheal disease throughout Vietnam. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for the xTAG GPP for the seven principal diarrheal etiologies. The sensitivity and specificity for the xTAG GPP were >88% for Shigellaspp.,Campylobacterspp., rotavirus, norovirus genotype 1/2 (GI/GII), and adenovirus compared to those of microbiological culture and/or real-time PCR. However, the specificity was low (∼60%) for Salmonella species. Additionally, a number of important pathogens that are not identified in routine hospital procedures in this setting, such as Cryptosporidiumspp. and Clostridium difficile, were detected with the GPP. The use of the Luminex xTAG GPP for the detection of enteric pathogens in settings, like Vietnam, would dramatically improve the diagnostic accuracy and capacity of hospital laboratories, allowing for timely and appropriate therapy decisions and a wider understanding of the epidemiology of pathogens associated with severe diarrheal disease in low-resource settings

Developement And Evaluation Of A Nasba System For The Diagnosis Of Cholera Using Elisa And Biosensor Methods

Taun (kolera) ialah penyakit ciri-birit yang disebabkan Vibrio cholerae. Cholera is a diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae. Cholera is potentially lethal if not diagnosed on time

Development And Evaluation Of A Nasba System For The Diagnosis Of Cholera Using Elisa And Biosensor Methods [RA644.C3 L481 2008 f rb].

Taun (kolera) ialah penyakit ciri-birit yang disebabkan Vibrio cholerae. Taun boleh membawa maut jika tidak dikesan dengan serta-merta. Cholera is a diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae. Cholera is potentially lethal if not diagnosed on time

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep

To evaluate progress toward prevention of enteric illnesses, the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) of CDC's Emerging Infections Program monitors the incidence of laboratory-diagnosed infections caused by eight pathogens transmitted commonly through food at 10 U.S. sites.* This report summarizes preliminary 2019 data and describes changes in incidence compared with that during 2016-2018. The incidence of enteric infections caused by these eight pathogens reported by FoodNet sites in 2019 continued to increase or remained unchanged, indicating progress in controlling major foodborne pathogens in the United States has stalled. Campylobacter and Salmonella caused the largest proportion of illnesses; trends in incidence varied by Salmonella serotype. Widespread adoption of whole genome sequencing (WGS) of bacteria has improved the ability to identify outbreaks, emerging strains, and sources of pathogens. To maximize the potential of WGS to link illnesses to particular sources, testing of isolates by clinical and public health laboratories is needed. Reductions in Salmonella serotype Typhimurium suggest that targeted interventions (e.g., vaccinating chickens and other food animals) might decrease human infections. Reducing contamination during food production, processing, and preparation will require more widespread implementation of known prevention measures and of new strategies that target particular pathogens and serotypes.32352955PMC7206985769

Widespread Dissemination Of Diarrhea Due To Rotavirus Serotype G9p8 In The Solomon Islands After A Focal Flood-Related Outbreak

Background Extreme weather events can precipitate epidemic transmission of diarrhea. We describe a large nationwide epidemic in the Solomon Islands following a focal flash flood disaster on April 3-5, 2015 in the capital city of Honiara. Methods The Early Warning Alert and Response Network surveillance system (EWARN) detected an outbreak of diarrhea in Honiara. We identified cases from EWARN and retrospective review of outpatient registries in Honiara prior to and during the outbreak. We reviewed data from the public adverse event system to identify diarrhea-related deaths. Rapid diagnostic testing for rotavirus was performed on stool samples from cases. RT-PCR analysis was used to genotype rotavirus isolates. Results We identified 4,231 cases of diarrhea in the city of Honiara (pop. 64,609) during an epidemic which occurred following massive flooding. The mean weekly incidence of diarrhea increased from 21.6 to 43.7 cases per 10,000 population during the period before and after flooding. Although flooding was limited to Honiara and the province of Guadalcanal, hospital-based surveillance detected increase in weekly cases of diarrhea in 4 additional provinces situated on separate islands. Peak weekly incidences in these provinces occurred 4-10 weeks after the peak of the outbreak in Honiara. The highest attack rates for diarrhea in Honiara and nationwide were observed in children with age \u3c5 years. In total, 27 children died due to diarrhea related causes, which exceeded the 22 deaths directly attributed to the flash flood emergency. Rotavirus was identified in 26 of 61 (43%) of the outbreak cases for which testing was performed. All four isolates that were genotyped were found to be serotype G9P8. Conclusions Our findings indicate that a disaster sparked a large nationwide epidemic of diarrhea which spread rapidly across islands unaffected by the flood event. Although laboratory testing was limited, rotavirus appears to be an important pathogen in this outbreak. Outbreaks caused by extreme weather events carry a significant burden and should be given large consideration when describing the health impacts of climate change

Gastrointestinal infection Etiological Agent and Mis Identification Of Some Pathogenic bacteria like Campylobacter

Pathogenic bacteria can enter and infect the digestive tract when someone eats food or drinks water that is contaminated. Examples of contaminated sources include raw or undercooked eggs, poultry or beef, unpasteurized milk, and untreated water from lakes, streams, and (occasionally) from community water supplies. The aims  of our study are strengthening of surveys of the cases of the gastrointestinal tract infection , more knowledge of the causes leading to the gastrointestinal tract, also knowing the risk factors which caused in Miss Identification of some pathogenic bacteria (mainly Campylobacter and Yersinia,  enterocolitica , then  evaluate the number of persons who have negative result and the reason for this lack of screening for all pathogenic bacteria and search  for Salmonella and Shigella only, Attach previous studies in the world on the importance of  isolating bacteria and number of Campylobacter positive samples and the importance of taking the subject into account,  finally culture characterization and epidemiology of the isolated pathogenic bacteria.  In order to reach those goals  we carried out a survey of 484stool samples in the Department of microbiology at Central Laboratory of the Ministry of Health in Amman the capital of Jordan between january 2012 to December 2013 using of stool culture and biochemical test and antisera against salmonella and shigella. Atotal of 484 stool samples were tested for 49salmonella and 50 shigella , a total 99 stool samples were gave positive  results for salmonella , and shigella of with an overall prevalence of  20.5 %. The high number of negative results due to misidentification of many pathogenic bacteria like  Campylobacter and awide variety of other bacteria may sometimes cause diarrhea. These may include: Aeromonas species, Staphylococcus aureus, Yersinia enterocolitica, Vibrio cholerae and other Vibrio species. Keywords: Campylobacter, Yersinia,  enterocolitica,  Salmonella and Shigella .stool cultur

Molecular Characterization And Production Of A Specific Recombinant Protein Of Shigella Flexneri : Towards Development Of A Rapid Immunochromatography Diagnostic Test For Dysentery [QR82.E6 K58 2006 f rb].

Disenteri basilus atau juga dikenali sebagai shigelosis disebabkan terutamanya oleh bakteria Shigella. Shigelosis merupakan suatu penyakit yang serius di mana hampir 165 juta penduduk dijangkiti setiap tahun. Bacillary dysentery is caused mainly by infection with Shigella spp. which is also known as shigellosis. It remains a common and serious health problem throughout the world and has been estimated to infect about 165 million people worldwide annually

Emerging infectious diseases

Emerging Infectious Diseases is providing access to these abstracts on behalf of the ICEID 2012 program committee (www.iceid.org), which performed peer review. Emerging Infectious Diseases has not edited or proofread these materials and is not responsible for inaccuracies or omissions. All information is subject to change. Comments and corrections should be brought to the attention of the authors.Influenza preparedness: lessons learned -- Policy implications and infectious diseases -- Improving preparedness for infectious diseases -- New or rapid diagnostics -- Foodborne and waterborne infections -- Effective and sustainable surveillance platforms -- Healthcare-associated infections -- Molecular epidemiology -- Antimicrobial resistance -- Tropical infections and parasitic diseases -- H1N1 influenza -- Risk Assessment -- Laboratory Support -- Zoonotic and Animal Diseases -- Viral Hepatitis -- E1. Zoonotic and animal diseases -- E2. Vaccine issues -- E3. H1N1 influenza -- E4. Novel surveillance systems -- E5. Antimicrobial resistance -- E6. Late-breakers I -- Antimicrobial resistance -- Influenza preparedness: lessons learned -- Zoonotic and animal diseases -- Improving preparedness for infectious diseases -- Laboratory support -- Early warning systems -- H1N1 influenza -- Policy implications and infectious diseases -- Modeling -- Molecular epidemiology -- Novel surveillance systems -- Tropical infections and parasitic diseases -- Strengthening public health systems -- Immigrant and refugee health -- Foodborne and waterborne infections -- Healthcare-associated infections -- Foodborne and waterborne infections -- New or rapid diagnostics -- Improving global health equity for infectious diseases -- Vulnerable populations -- Novel agents of public health importance -- Influenza preparedness: lessons learned -- Molecular epidemiology -- Zoonotic and animal diseases -- Vaccine-preventable diseases -- Outbreak investigation: lab and epi response -- H1N1 influenza -- laboratory support -- effective and sustainable surveillance platforms -- new vaccines -- vector-borne diseases and climate change -- travelers' health -- J1. Vectorborne diseases and climate change -- J2. Policy implications and infectious diseases -- J3. Influenza preparedness: lessons learned -- J4. Effective and sustainable surveillance platforms -- J5. Outbreak investigation: lab and epi response I -- J6. Late-breakers II -- Strengthening public health systems -- Bacterial/viral coinfections -- H1N1 influenza -- Novel agents of public health importance -- Foodborne and waterborne infections -- New challenges for old vaccines -- Vectorborne diseases and climate change -- Novel surveillance systems -- Geographic information systems (GIS) -- Improving global health equity for infectious diseases -- Vaccine preventable diseases -- Vulnerable populations -- Laboratory support -- Prevention challenges for respiratory diseases -- Zoonotic and animal diseases -- Outbreak investigation: lab and epi response -- Vectorborne diseases and climate change -- Outbreak investigation: lab and epi response -- Laboratory proficiency testing/quality assurance -- Effective and sustainable surveillance platforms -- Sexually transmitted diseases -- H1N1 influenza -- Surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases -- Foodborne and waterborne infections -- Role of health communication -- Emerging opportunistic infections -- Host and microbial genetics -- Respiratory infections in special populations -- Zoonotic and animal diseases -- Laboratory support -- Antimicrobial resistance -- Vulnerable populations -- Global vaccine initiatives -- Tuberculosis -- Prevention challenges for respiratory diseases -- Infectious causes of chronic diseases -- O1. Outbreak investigation: lab and epi response II -- O2. Prevention challenges for respiratory diseases -- O3. Populations at high risk for infectious diseases -- O4. Foodborne and waterborne infections -- O5. Laboratory support: surveillance and monitoring infections -- O6. Late-breakers IIIAbstracts published in advance of the conference