Spartan Daily, March 13, 1991

Volume 96, Issue 31https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/spartandaily/8099/thumbnail.jp

The transformative capacity of new technologies. How innovations affect sectoral change: Conceptual considerations

Following up on recent debates about sectoral systems of innovation and production, the paper introduces a heuristic framework for analyzing and explaining distinct patterns of technology-based sectoral change. The concept is based on two interrelated influencing factors. The first is the sectoral-specific transformative capacity of new technologies themselves, that is, their substantial or incremental impact on socioeconomic and institutional change in a given sectoral system. The second is the sectoral adaptability of socioeconomic structures, institutions, and actors confronted with the opportunities presented by new technologies. The first factor the sectoral transformative capacity of new technologies enables us to identify the technology-driven pressure to change and adjust the structural and institutional architectures of the sectoral system. The second, complementary factor sectoral adaptability helps us to discern the distinct social patterns of anticipating and absorbing this technology-based pressure. The specific interplay between the two influencing factors creates distinguishable modes of sectoral transformation, ranging from anticipative and smooth adjustments to reactive and crisis-ridden patterns of change. Even processes of radical sectoral change continue over longer periods of mismatch, characterized by a cumulation of numerous and mostly gradual organizational, structural, and institutional transformations. --

Liberalisation and political decay : Sri Lanka's journey from welfare state to a brutalised society

economic recession;economic liberalization;Sri Lanka;political conditions

Julkisten organisaatioiden haasteet älykkään erikoistumisen koordinoinnissa ja connectivity-malli eräänä ratkaisuna

This study focuses on the challenges of public organisations, as smart specialisation has put them in a mediating role in innovation activities. This change forces public actors to take their place among already established innovation agents, namely universities and companies. Whereas these previous institutions are well-established in their role in innovation as knowledge providers and users, public organisations still seek their place among the other actors and this creates challenges for them. This study suggests that there are three major challenges, which public organisations need to face in the smart specialisation process. These are all linked to their coordinating role and are based on previous discoveries by the author as well as a current literature analysis. These challenges consist of stakeholder inclusion, knowledge generation and dominant actors. As a response to the presented challenges, the study introduces a connectivity model, which is based on enhancing regional connectivity. This is one possibility for public organisations, as regional collaboration is one of the core challenges in managing a successful entrepreneurial discovery process. After an analysis the model is seen as a useful tool for public organisations, as it includes elements which enhance regional collaboration, provide useful knowledge for the regional developers and can limit the threat posed by dominant stakeholders.Älykäs erikoistuminen saattaa julkiset organisaatiot uuteen, haastavaan asemaan, kun ne joutuvat ottamaan eräänlaisen mahdollistajan roolin hoitaakseen. Tällöin julkiset organisaatiot astuvat edellisten innovaatiotoimijoiden, eli korkeakoulujen ja yritysten maaperälle. Siinä missä näillä edellisillä, vakiintuneilla toimijoilla on jo selkeä rooli innovaatiotoiminnassa, eli tiedon tuotannon ja jatkojalostamisen tehtävät, niin julkiset organisaatiot joutuvat hakemaan paikkaansa ja tämä luo niille haasteita. Tutkimuksessa esitetään, että tästä aiheutuu kolme suurempaa haastetta, jotka julkiset organisaatiot joutuvat selättämään osana älykkään erikostumisen prosessia. Tunnistetut haasteet liittyvät uudessa roolissa toimimiseen ja perustuvat kirjoittajan aiempiin tutkimuksiin sekä uusimman kirjallisuuden tarkasteluun. Nämä haasteet nimetään kumppaneiden osallistamiseksi, tiedon tuottamiseksi, sekä dominoiviksi kumppaneiksi. Tutkimuksessa esitetään connectivity-mallia erääksi ratkaisuksi, sillä se perustuu alueellisen yhteenkuuluvuuden mittaamiseen ja tehostamiseen. Juuri yhteistyö nähdään eräänä yrittäjämäisen etsimisen ja samalla älykkään erikoistumisen onnistumisen edellytyksenä. Johtopäätöksissä malli todetaan hyödylliseksi työkaluksi julkisille organisaatioille, sillä se näyttää tehostavan alueellista yhteistyötä, tarjoavan tietoa aluekehittäjille, sekä rajoittavan dominoivien kumppaneiden vaikutusmahdollisuuksia.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Rio and the Reds: The Comando Vermelho, Organized Crime and Brazil’s Economic Ascent [Student’s Paper Series]

Brazil’s growing status as a potential world power cannot obscure the characteristics of its other reality: that of a country with vast inequalities and high crime rates. The Comando Vermelho, the most prominent organized crime syndicate in Rio de Janeiro, besieges the beauty and charm that attracts tourists to this city. The CV arose not only as a product of the political dictatorship of the seventies, but also of the disenfranchised urban poor crammed into Rio’s favela slums. Today, the CV presents a powerful challenge to the State’s control of parts of Rio territory. As Brazil’s soft power projection grows, it is seriously challenged by its capacity to eliminate organized crime. Economic growth is not sufficient to destroy a deeply embedded organization like the CV. In fact, Brazil’s success may yet further retrench the CV’s activities. Culpability for organized crime cannot be merely limited to the gangs, but must also be shared among the willing consumers, among whom can be found educated and elite members of society, as well as the impoverished and desperate. The Brazilian government needs a top-down response addressing the schism between rich and poor. However, Brazil’s citizens must also take responsibility and forge a bottom-up response to the drug- and corruption-riddled elements of its most respected members of society. Brazil must target reform across public health, housing, education and above all, law enforcement. Without such changes, Brazil will remain a two-track democracy. Rio’s wealthy will still be able to revel in the city’s beauty albeit from behind armored cars and fortified mansions, while the city’s poor will yield – either as victims or perpetrators – to the desperate measures of organized crime

The Information Commons: a public policy report

This report describes the history of the information commons, presents examples of online commons that provide new ways to store and deliver information, and concludes with policy recommendations. Available in PDF and HTML versions.BRENNAN CENTER FOR JUSTICE at NYU SCHOOL OF LAW Democracy Program, Free Expression Policy Project 161 Avenue of the Americas, 12th floor New York NY 10013 Phone: (212) 998-6730 Web site: www.brennancenter.org Free Expression Policy Project: www.fepproject.or