275 research outputs found
Accurate and justifiable : new algorithms for explainable recommendations.
Websites and online services thrive with large amounts of online information, products, and choices, that are available but exceedingly difficult to find and discover. This has prompted two major paradigms to help sift through information: information retrieval and recommender systems. The broad family of information retrieval techniques has given rise to the modern search engines which return relevant results, following a user\u27s explicit query. The broad family of recommender systems, on the other hand, works in a more subtle manner, and do not require an explicit query to provide relevant results. Collaborative Filtering (CF) recommender systems are based on algorithms that provide suggestions to users, based on what they like and what other similar users like. Their strength lies in their ability to make serendipitous, social recommendations about what books to read, songs to listen to, movies to watch, courses to take, or generally any type of item to consume. Their strength is also that they can recommend items of any type or content because their focus is on modeling the preferences of the users rather than the content of the recommended items. Although recommender systems have made great strides over the last two decades, with significant algorithmic advances that have made them increasingly accurate in their predictions, they suffer from a few notorious weaknesses. These include the cold-start problem when new items or new users enter the system, and lack of interpretability and explainability in the case of powerful black-box predictors, such as the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) family of recommenders, including, in particular, the popular Matrix Factorization (MF) techniques. Also, the absence of any explanations to justify their predictions can reduce the transparency of recommender systems and thus adversely impact the user\u27s trust in them. In this work, we propose machine learning approaches for multi-domain Matrix Factorization (MF) recommender systems that can overcome the new user cold-start problem. We also propose new algorithms to generate explainable recommendations, using two state of the art models: Matrix Factorization (MF) and Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM). Our experiments, which were based on rigorous cross-validation on the MovieLens benchmark data set and on real user tests, confirmed that our proposed methods succeed in generating explainable recommendations without a major sacrifice in accuracy
Deep Learning based Recommender System: A Survey and New Perspectives
With the ever-growing volume of online information, recommender systems have
been an effective strategy to overcome such information overload. The utility
of recommender systems cannot be overstated, given its widespread adoption in
many web applications, along with its potential impact to ameliorate many
problems related to over-choice. In recent years, deep learning has garnered
considerable interest in many research fields such as computer vision and
natural language processing, owing not only to stellar performance but also the
attractive property of learning feature representations from scratch. The
influence of deep learning is also pervasive, recently demonstrating its
effectiveness when applied to information retrieval and recommender systems
research. Evidently, the field of deep learning in recommender system is
flourishing. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of recent
research efforts on deep learning based recommender systems. More concretely,
we provide and devise a taxonomy of deep learning based recommendation models,
along with providing a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art. Finally,
we expand on current trends and provide new perspectives pertaining to this new
exciting development of the field.Comment: The paper has been accepted by ACM Computing Surveys.
https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/328502
A Multi-Modal Latent-Features based Service Recommendation System for the Social Internet of Things
The Social Internet of Things (SIoT), is revolutionizing how we interact with
our everyday lives. By adding the social dimension to connecting devices, the
SIoT has the potential to drastically change the way we interact with smart
devices. This connected infrastructure allows for unprecedented levels of
convenience, automation, and access to information, allowing us to do more with
less effort. However, this revolutionary new technology also brings an eager
need for service recommendation systems. As the SIoT grows in scope and
complexity, it becomes increasingly important for businesses and individuals,
and SIoT objects alike to have reliable sources for products, services, and
information that are tailored to their specific needs. Few works have been
proposed to provide service recommendations for SIoT environments. However,
these efforts have been confined to only focusing on modeling user-item
interactions using contextual information, devices' SIoT relationships, and
correlation social groups but these schemes do not account for latent semantic
item-item structures underlying the sparse multi-modal contents in SIoT
environment. In this paper, we propose a latent-based SIoT recommendation
system that learns item-item structures and aggregates multiple modalities to
obtain latent item graphs which are then used in graph convolutions to inject
high-order affinities into item representations. Experiments showed that the
proposed recommendation system outperformed state-of-the-art SIoT
recommendation methods and validated its efficacy at mining latent
relationships from multi-modal features
CoLLM: Integrating Collaborative Embeddings into Large Language Models for Recommendation
Leveraging Large Language Models as Recommenders (LLMRec) has gained
significant attention and introduced fresh perspectives in user preference
modeling. Existing LLMRec approaches prioritize text semantics, usually
neglecting the valuable collaborative information from user-item interactions
in recommendations. While these text-emphasizing approaches excel in cold-start
scenarios, they may yield sub-optimal performance in warm-start situations. In
pursuit of superior recommendations for both cold and warm start scenarios, we
introduce CoLLM, an innovative LLMRec methodology that seamlessly incorporates
collaborative information into LLMs for recommendation. CoLLM captures
collaborative information through an external traditional model and maps it to
the input token embedding space of LLM, forming collaborative embeddings for
LLM usage. Through this external integration of collaborative information,
CoLLM ensures effective modeling of collaborative information without modifying
the LLM itself, providing the flexibility to employ various collaborative
information modeling techniques. Extensive experiments validate that CoLLM
adeptly integrates collaborative information into LLMs, resulting in enhanced
recommendation performance. We release the code and data at
https://github.com/zyang1580/CoLLM
Personalized Video Recommendation Using Rich Contents from Videos
Video recommendation has become an essential way of helping people explore
the massive videos and discover the ones that may be of interest to them. In
the existing video recommender systems, the models make the recommendations
based on the user-video interactions and single specific content features. When
the specific content features are unavailable, the performance of the existing
models will seriously deteriorate. Inspired by the fact that rich contents
(e.g., text, audio, motion, and so on) exist in videos, in this paper, we
explore how to use these rich contents to overcome the limitations caused by
the unavailability of the specific ones. Specifically, we propose a novel
general framework that incorporates arbitrary single content feature with
user-video interactions, named as collaborative embedding regression (CER)
model, to make effective video recommendation in both in-matrix and
out-of-matrix scenarios. Our extensive experiments on two real-world
large-scale datasets show that CER beats the existing recommender models with
any single content feature and is more time efficient. In addition, we propose
a priority-based late fusion (PRI) method to gain the benefit brought by the
integrating the multiple content features. The corresponding experiment shows
that PRI brings real performance improvement to the baseline and outperforms
the existing fusion methods
MetaRec: Meta-Learning Meets Recommendation Systems
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have recently received increasing attention as powerful modeling tools to improve the performance of recommendation systems. Meta-learning, on the other hand, is a paradigm that has re-surged in popularity within the broader machine learning community over the past several years. In this thesis, we will explore the intersection of these two domains and work on developing methods for integrating meta-learning to design more accurate and flexible recommendation systems.
In the present work, we propose a meta-learning framework for the design of collaborative filtering methods in recommendation systems, drawing from ideas, models, and solutions from modern approaches in both the meta-learning and recommendation system literature, applying them to recommendation tasks to obtain improved generalization performance.
Our proposed framework, MetaRec, includes and unifies the main state-of-the-art models in recommendation systems, extending them to be flexibly configured and efficiently operate with limited data. We empirically test the architectures created under our MetaRec framework on several recommendation benchmark datasets using a plethora of evaluation metrics and find that by taking a meta-learning approach to the collaborative filtering problem, we observe notable gains in predictive performance
CMML: Contextual Modulation Meta Learning for Cold-Start Recommendation
Practical recommender systems experience a cold-start problem when observed user-item interactions in the history are insufficient. Meta learning, especially gradient based one, can be adopted to tackle this problem by learning initial parameters of the model and thus allowing fast adaptation to a specific task from limited data examples. Though with significant performance improvement, it commonly suffers from two critical issues: the non-compatibility with mainstream industrial deployment and the heavy computational burdens, both due to the inner-loop gradient operation. These two issues make them hard to be applied in practical recommender systems. To enjoy the benefits of meta learning framework and mitigate these problems, we propose a recommendation framework called Contextual Modulation Meta Learning (CMML). CMML is composed of fully feed-forward operations so it is computationally efficient and completely compatible with the mainstream industrial deployment. CMML consists of three components, including a context encoder that can generate context embedding to represent a specific task, a hybrid context generator that aggregates specific user-item features with task-level context, and a contextual modulation network, which can modulate the recommendation model to adapt effectively. We validate our approach on both scenario-specific and user-specific cold-start setting on various real-world datasets, showing CMML can achieve comparable or even better performance with gradient based methods yet with higher computational efficiency and better interpretability
An Image Dataset for Benchmarking Recommender Systems with Raw Pixels
Recommender systems (RS) have achieved significant success by leveraging
explicit identification (ID) features. However, the full potential of content
features, especially the pure image pixel features, remains relatively
unexplored. The limited availability of large, diverse, and content-driven
image recommendation datasets has hindered the use of raw images as item
representations. In this regard, we present PixelRec, a massive image-centric
recommendation dataset that includes approximately 200 million user-image
interactions, 30 million users, and 400,000 high-quality cover images. By
providing direct access to raw image pixels, PixelRec enables recommendation
models to learn item representation directly from them. To demonstrate its
utility, we begin by presenting the results of several classical pure ID-based
baseline models, termed IDNet, trained on PixelRec. Then, to show the
effectiveness of the dataset's image features, we substitute the itemID
embeddings (from IDNet) with a powerful vision encoder that represents items
using their raw image pixels. This new model is dubbed PixelNet.Our findings
indicate that even in standard, non-cold start recommendation settings where
IDNet is recognized as highly effective, PixelNet can already perform equally
well or even better than IDNet. Moreover, PixelNet has several other notable
advantages over IDNet, such as being more effective in cold-start and
cross-domain recommendation scenarios. These results underscore the importance
of visual features in PixelRec. We believe that PixelRec can serve as a
critical resource and testing ground for research on recommendation models that
emphasize image pixel content. The dataset, code, and leaderboard will be
available at https://github.com/westlake-repl/PixelRec
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