Holistic generational offsets: Fostering a primitive online abstraction for human vs. machine cognition

We propose a unified architecture for next generation cognitive, low cost, mobile internet. The end user platform is able to scale as per the application and network requirements. It takes computing out of the data center and into end user platform. Internet enables open standards, accessible computing and applications programmability on a commodity platform. The architecture is a super-set to present day infrastructure web computing. The Java virtual machine (JVM) derives from the stack architecture. Applications can be developed and deployed on a multitude of host platforms. O(1) O(N). Computing and the internet today are more accessible and available to the larger community. Machine learning has made extensive advances with the availability of modern computing. It is used widely in NLP, Computer Vision, Deep learning and AI. A prototype device for mobile could contain N compute and N MB of memory.Comment: 11 pages, extended architecture details, added references. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1809.0779

Software-Defined Hyper-Cellular Architecture for Green and Elastic Wireless Access

To meet the surging demand of increasing mobile Internet traffic from diverse applications while maintaining moderate energy cost, the radio access network (RAN) of cellular systems needs to take a green path into the future, and the key lies in providing elastic service to dynamic traffic demands. To achieve this, it is time to rethink RAN architectures and expect breakthroughs. In this article, we review the state-of-art literature which aims to renovate RANs from the perspectives of control-traffic decoupled air interface, cloud-based RANs, and software-defined RANs. We then propose a software-defined hyper-cellular architecture (SDHCA) that identifies a feasible way of integrating the above three trends to enable green and elastic wireless access. We further present key enabling technologies to realize SDHCA, including separation of the air interface, green base station operations, and base station functions virtualization, followed by our hardware testbed for SDHCA. Besides, we summarize several future research issues worth investigating.Comment: Accepted by IEEE Communications Magazin

The CTTC 5G end-to-end experimental platform: Integrating heterogeneous wireless/optical networks, distributed cloud, and IoT devices

The Internet of Things (IoT) will facilitate a wide variety of applications in different domains, such as smart cities, smart grids, industrial automation (Industry 4.0), smart driving, assistance of the elderly, and home automation. Billions of heterogeneous smart devices with different application requirements will be connected to the networks and will generate huge aggregated volumes of data that will be processed in distributed cloud infrastructures. On the other hand, there is also a general trend to deploy functions as software (SW) instances in cloud infrastructures [e.g., network function virtualization (NFV) or mobile edge computing (MEC)]. Thus, the next generation of mobile networks, the fifth-generation (5G), will need not only to develop new radio interfaces or waveforms to cope with the expected traffic growth but also to integrate heterogeneous networks from end to end (E2E) with distributed cloud resources to deliver E2E IoT and mobile services. This article presents the E2E 5G platform that is being developed by the Centre Tecnol\`ogic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), the first known platform capable of reproducing such an ambitious scenario

Delivering IT as A Utility- A Systematic Review

Utility Computing has facilitated the creation of new markets that has made it possible to realize the long held dream of delivering IT as a Utility. Even though utility computing is in its nascent stage today, the proponents of utility computing envisage that it will become a commodity business in the upcoming time and utility service providers will meet all the IT requests of the companies. This paper takes a cross-sectional view at the emergence of utility computing along with different requirements needed to realize utility model. It also surveys the current trends in utility computing highlighting diverse architecture models aligned towards delivering IT as a utility. Different resource management systems for proficient allocation of resources have been listed together with various resource scheduling and pricing strategies used by them. Further, a review of generic key perspectives closely related to the concept of delivering IT as a Utility has been taken citing the contenders for the future enhancements in this technology in the form of Grid and Cloud Computing.Comment: No. of Pages- 20 No. of Figures- 3 No. of Tables- 1

Leveraging Synergy of 5G SDWN and Multi-Layer Resource Management for Network Optimization

Fifth-generation (5G) cellular wireless networks are envisioned to predispose service-oriented, flexible, and spectrum/energy-efficient edge-to-core infrastructure, aiming to offer diverse applications. Convergence of software-defined networking (SDN), software-defined radio (SDR) compatible with multiple radio access technologies (RATs), and virtualization on the concept of 5G software-defined wireless networking (5G-SDWN) is a promising approach to provide such a dynamic network. The principal technique behind the 5G-SDWN framework is the separation of the control and data planes, from the deep core entities to edge wireless access points (APs). This separation allows the abstraction of resources as transmission parameters of each user over the 5G-SDWN. In this user-centric and service-oriented environment, resource management plays a critical role to achieve efficiency and reliability. However, it is natural to wonder if 5G-SDWN can be leveraged to enable converged multi-layer resource management over the portfolio of resources, and reciprocally, if CML resource management can effectively provide performance enhancement and reliability for 5G-SDWN. We believe that replying to these questions and investigating this mutual synergy are not trivial, but multidimensional and complex for 5G-SDWN, which consists of different technologies and also inherits legacy generations of wireless networks. In this paper, we propose a flexible protocol structure based on three mentioned pillars for 5G-SDWN, which can handle all the required functionalities in a more crosslayer manner. Based on this, we demonstrate how the general framework of CML resource management can control the end user quality of experience. For two scenarios of 5G-SDWN, we investigate the effects of joint user-association and resource allocation via CML resource management to improve performance in a virtualized network

Heterogeneous Cloud Radio Access Networks: A New Perspective for Enhancing Spectral and Energy Efficiencies

To mitigate the severe inter-tier interference and enhance limited cooperative gains resulting from the constrained and non-ideal transmissions between adjacent base stations in heterogeneous networks (HetNets), heterogeneous cloud radio access networks (H-CRANs) are proposed as cost-efficient potential solutions through incorporating the cloud computing into HetNets. In this article, state-of-the-art research achievements and challenges on H-CRANs are surveyed. In particular, we discuss issues of system architectures, spectral and energy efficiency performances, and promising key techniques. A great emphasis is given towards promising key techniques in H-CRANs to improve both spectral and energy efficiencies, including cloud computing based coordinated multi-point transmission and reception, large-scale cooperative multiple antenna, cloud computing based cooperative radio resource management, and cloud computing based self-organizing network in the cloud converging scenarios. The major challenges and open issues in terms of theoretical performance with stochastic geometry, fronthaul constrained resource allocation, and standard development that may block the promotion of H-CRANs are discussed as well.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figures, to be published in IEEE Wireless Communication

Towards Service-oriented 5G: Virtualizing the Networks for Everything-as-a-Service

It is widely acknowledged that the forthcoming 5G architecture will be highly heterogeneous and deployed with a high degree of density. These changes over the current 4G bring many challenges on how to achieve an efficient operation from the network management perspective. In this article, we introduce a revolutionary vision of the future 5G wireless networks, in which the network is no longer limited by hardware or even software. Specifically, by the idea of virtualizing the wireless networks, which has recently gained increasing attention, we introduce the Everything-as-a-Service (XaaS) taxonomy to light the way towards designing the service-oriented wireless networks. The concepts, challenges along with the research opportunities for realizing XaaS in wireless networks are overviewed and discussed.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figure

Mobile Converged Networks: Framework, Optimization and Challenges

In this paper, a new framework of mobile converged networks is proposed for flexible resource optimization over multi-tier wireless heterogeneous networks. Design principles and advantages of this new framework of mobile converged networks are discussed. Moreover, mobile converged network models based on interference coordination and energy efficiency are presented and the corresponding optimization algorithms are developed. Furthermore, future challenges of mobile converged networks are identified to promote the study in modeling and performance analysis of mobile converged networks.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figure

All One Needs to Know about Fog Computing and Related Edge Computing Paradigms: A Complete Survey

With the Internet of Things (IoT) becoming part of our daily life and our environment, we expect rapid growth in the number of connected devices. IoT is expected to connect billions of devices and humans to bring promising advantages for us. With this growth, fog computing, along with its related edge computing paradigms, such as multi-access edge computing (MEC) and cloudlet, are seen as promising solutions for handling the large volume of security-critical and time-sensitive data that is being produced by the IoT. In this paper, we first provide a tutorial on fog computing and its related computing paradigms, including their similarities and differences. Next, we provide a taxonomy of research topics in fog computing, and through a comprehensive survey, we summarize and categorize the efforts on fog computing and its related computing paradigms. Finally, we provide challenges and future directions for research in fog computing.Comment: 48 pages, 7 tables, 11 figures, 450 references. The data (categories and features/objectives of the papers) of this survey are now available publicly. Accepted by Elsevier Journal of Systems Architectur

Software Defined Optical Networks (SDONs): A Comprehensive Survey

The emerging Software Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm separates the data plane from the control plane and centralizes network control in an SDN controller. Applications interact with controllers to implement network services, such as network transport with Quality of Service (QoS). SDN facilitates the virtualization of network functions so that multiple virtual networks can operate over a given installed physical network infrastructure. Due to the specific characteristics of optical (photonic) communication components and the high optical transmission capacities, SDN based optical networking poses particular challenges, but holds also great potential. In this article, we comprehensively survey studies that examine the SDN paradigm in optical networks; in brief, we survey the area of Software Defined Optical Networks (SDONs). We mainly organize the SDON studies into studies focused on the infrastructure layer, the control layer, and the application layer. Moreover, we cover SDON studies focused on network virtualization, as well as SDON studies focused on the orchestration of multilayer and multidomain networking. Based on the survey, we identify open challenges for SDONs and outline future directions