"Built Environment Digital Twining"

A digital twin is a digital replica of a real-world physical entity (El Saddik 2018). The concept is already widely used in the manufacturing sector. In the built environment sector, digital twins are gradually entering the conversation as they can offer substantial value to all associated stakeholders. This report is the outcome of the International Workshop on Built Environment Digital Twinning, which was co-sponsored by the Institute for Advanced Study of Technical University of Munich (TUM-IAS) and Siemens AG

A controlled sewer system should be treated as a sampled data system with events

Arguments are presented in favor of modeling sewer systems and in particular Dutch sewer systems as a sampled data system with events. Basic limitations on controlling these systems when ignoring their hybrid nature are stated. The traditional control scheme for the Dutch systems is given as an example of event driven local control. Basic limitations on systems using a sampled data approach without an event driven component are derived. To provide context a brief description of a sampled data controller for a sewer system based on set-point tracking is given. This is followed by an explanation of how the absence of event driven control limits its effectiveness.Water Resource