Narratiivin variaatio: mediakertomusten visualisointi

The media plays an increasingly large role in shaping social reality, and even small shifts in its narrative content or tone can have widespread repercussions in the public’s perception of past and present phenomena. Being able to track changes in media coverage over time, particularly visually, could have many conceivable applications and offer the potential for aiding social change in journalism. This case study explores how data visualization could be used to examine differences in media narrative patterns over time and across publications. The findings indicate that while there are many existing means of visualizing patterns in such narrative data on a timeline axis, few if any address the aspect of co-occurrence of variables. Comparing co-occurrence chronologically, particularly when applied to word and topic choices in media coverage, can shed more light on currents in public opinion than simply counting the occurrence of terms independently. Furthermore, the findings suggest that visualizing such patterns in this case could be best accomplished using a form of set visualization, specifically a simplified vertical version of linear diagrams repeated horizontally across parallel timeline axes. This case study also outlines the methods, ethical considerations, and examples of employing such a visualization prototype using a sample dataset of full text news articles.Medialla on yhä suurempi rooli yhteiskunnan todellisuuden tuottamisessa, ja jopa pienet muutokset sisällössä voivat laajalti muokata yleisön käsitystä menneistä ja nykyisistä ilmiöistä. Mediasisältöjen muutosten seuranta, erityisesti visuaalisesti, soveltuisi moneen tarkoitukseen ja voisi edistää vastuullisen journalismin kehitystä ja käyttöä yhteiskunnassa. Tässä tapaustutkimuksessa selvitetään, miten tiedon visualisointia voitaisiin käyttää tutkimaan eroja mediakertomuksissa ajan myötä eri julkaisuissa. Tulokset osoittavat, että vaikka olemassa olevia keinoja vastaavan tiedon visualisointiin löytyy, yksikään ei tuo esille muuttujien samanaikaisuuden näkökulmaa. Samanaikaisuuden vertailu kronologisesti, erityisesti sana- ja aihevalintoihin sovellettuna mediasisällön osalta, voi paremmin valaista yleisen mielipiteen virtoja kuin yksittäisten sanavalintojen laskeminen. Lisäksi havainnot viittaavat siihen, että tällaisten mallien visualisointi voitaisiin parhaiten toteuttaa käyttämällä joukko-opin visualisointeja, erityisesti lineaaristen kaavioiden yksinkertaistettua vertikaalista versiota rinnakkaisilla aikajana-akseleilla. Tässä tapaustutkimuksessa esitetään myös menetelmät, eettiset näkökulmat ja esimerkit tällaisen visualisointiprototyypin tuotosta ja käytöstä uutisartikkelidataa hyödyntäen

MetroSets: Visualizing Sets as Metro Maps

We propose MetroSets, a new, flexible online tool for visualizing set systems using the metro map metaphor. We model a given set system as a hypergraph $\mathcal{H} = (V, \mathcal{S})$, consisting of a set $V$ of vertices and a set $\mathcal{S}$, which contains subsets of $V$ called hyperedges. Our system then computes a metro map representation of $\mathcal{H}$, where each hyperedge $E$ in $\mathcal{S}$ corresponds to a metro line and each vertex corresponds to a metro station. Vertices that appear in two or more hyperedges are drawn as interchanges in the metro map, connecting the different sets. MetroSets is based on a modular 4-step pipeline which constructs and optimizes a path-based hypergraph support, which is then drawn and schematized using metro map layout algorithms. We propose and implement multiple algorithms for each step of the MetroSet pipeline and provide a functional prototype with \new{easy-to-use preset configurations.} % many real-world datasets. Furthermore, \new{using several real-world datasets}, we perform an extensive quantitative evaluation of the impact of different pipeline stages on desirable properties of the generated maps, such as octolinearity, monotonicity, and edge uniformity.Comment: 19 pages; accepted for IEEE INFOVIS 2020; for associated live system, see http://metrosets.ac.tuwien.ac.a

A comparison of linear and mosaic diagrams for set visualization

Linear diagrams have been shown to compare favourably to better known forms of set visualization, such as Venn and Euler diagrams, in supporting non-interactive assessment of set relationships. Recent studies that compared several variants of linear diagrams have demonstrated that users perform best at tasks involving identification of intersections, disjointness and subsets when using a horizontally drawn linear diagram with thin lines representing sets and employing vertical lines as guide lines. The essential visual task the user needs to perform in order to interpret this kind of diagram is vertical alignment of parallel lines and detection of overlaps. Space-filling mosaic diagrams which support this same visual task have been used in other applications, such as the visualization of schedules of activities, where they have been shown to be superior to linear Gantt charts. In this article, we present an experimental comparison of linear and mosaic diagrams for visualization of set relationships, in terms of accuracy, time-to-answer and subjective ratings of perceived task difficulty. The findings show that the two visualizations are largely similar with respect to these measures, suggesting that the choice of one or the other may be solely guided by other visual design considerations. Mosaic diagrams might be more suitable, for instance, in cases where miniature diagrams representing overviews of relations in different collections of sets are required, such as in small-multiples displays.Peer reviewe