A Comparative Drivability Analysis for Autonomous Robots in underground Mines Using the Entropy and SRM Models

The mining industry is constantly faced with the dual needs for safety and improved productivity. It is widely recognized that robots can play a significant role in predisaster (pre-emption) and post-disaster (recovery) mine rescue operations. This would inevitably enhance productivity and greatly reduce human exposure to dangerous underground mine environment. Nonetheless, the success of a robot in a mine depends greatly on its visual capability to correctly interpret its immediate environment for navigational purposes. This work serves to assist robots' drivability in an underground mine. A probabilistic approach based on the local entropy is employed. The entropy is measured within a fixed window on a stream of mine frames to compute features used in the segmentation process. We then compare results using the statistical region merging (SRM) approach and evaluate the performance to provide useful qualitative and quantitative conclusions. Different regions of the mine, such as the shaft, stope and gallery, are investigated and results show that a good drivable region can be detected in an underground mine environment

A Complementary Vision Strategy for Autonomous Robots in Underground Terrains using SRM and Entropy Models

This work investigates robots’ perception in underground terrains (mines and tunnels) using statistical region merging (SRM) and the entropy models. A probabilistic approach based on the local entropy is employed. The entropy is measured within a fixed window on a stream of mine and tunnel frames to compute features used in the segmentation process, while SRM reconstructs the main structural components of an imagery by a simple but effective statistical analysis. An investigation is conducted on different regions of the mine, such as the shaft, stope and gallery, using publicly available mine frames, with a stream of locally captured mine images. Furthermore, an investigation is also conducted on a stream of dynamic underground tunnel image frames, using the XBOX Kinect 3D sensors. The Kinect sensors produce streams of red, green and blue (RGB) and depth images of 640 x 480 resolution at 30 frames per second. Integrating the depth information into drivability gives a strong cue to the analysis, which detects 3D results augmenting drivable and non-drivable regions in 2D. The results of the 2D and 3D experiment with different terrains, mines and tunnels, together with the qualitative and quantitative evaluations, reveal that a good drivable region can be detected in dynamic underground terrains

Survivable cloud multi-robotics framework for heterogeneous environments

The emergence of cloud computing has transformed the potential of robotics by enabling multi-robotic teams to fulfil complex tasks in the cloud. This paradigm is known as “cloud robotics” and relieves robots from hardware and software limitations, as large amounts of available resources and parallel computing capabilities are available in the cloud. The introduction of cloud-enabled robots alleviates the need for computationally intensive robots to be built, as many, if not all, of the CPU-intensive tasks can be offloaded into the cloud, resulting in multi-robots that require much less power, energy consumption and on-board processing units. While the benefits of cloud robotics are clearly evident and have resulted in an increase in interest among the scientific community, one of the biggest challenges of cloud robotics is the inherent communication challenges brought about by disconnections between the multi-robotic system and the cloud. The communication delays brought about by the cloud disconnection results in robots not being able to receive and transmit data to the physical cloud. The unavailability of these robotic services in certain instances could prove fatal in a heterogeneous environment that requires multi-robotic teams to assist with the saving of human lives. This niche area is relatively unexplored in the literature. This work serves to assist with the challenge of disconnection in cloud robotics by proposing a survivable cloud multi-robotics (SCMR) framework for heterogeneous environments. The SCMR framework leverages the combination of a virtual ad hoc network formed by the robot-to-robot communication and a physical cloud infrastructure formed by the robot-to-cloud communications. The Quality of Service (QoS) on the SCMR framework is tested and validated by determining the optimal energy utilization and Time of Response (ToR) on drivability analysis with and without cloud connection. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework is feasible for current multi-robotic applications and shows the survivability aspect of the framework in instances of cloud disconnection.School of ComputingM.Sc. (Computer Science