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    개발 초기 λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œμ˜ μ†Œμ…œ AI κ°œμΈλΉ„μ„œ 평가 λͺ¨λΈ 개발

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(박사) -- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅λŒ€ν•™μ› : κ³΅κ³ΌλŒ€ν•™ 산업곡학과, 2022.2. 윀λͺ…ν™˜.This dissertation aims to propose a user evaluation model to evaluate social AI personal assistants in the early stage of product development. Due to the rapid development of personal devices, data generated from personal devices are increasing explosively, and various personal AI services and products using these data are being launched. However, compared to the interest in AI personal assistant products, its market is still immature. In this case, it is important to understand consumer expectations and perceptions deeply and develop a product that can satisfy them to spread the product and allow general consumers to easily accept the product promptly. Accordingly, this dissertation proposes and validates a user evaluation model that can be used in the early stage of product development. Prior to proposing this methodology, main characteristics of social AI personal assistants, the importance of user evaluation in the early stage of product development and the limitations of the existing user evaluation model were investigated in Chapter 2. Various technology acceptance models and evaluation models for social AI personal assistant products have been proposed, evaluation models that can be applied in the initial stage of product development were insufficient, however. Moreover, it was found that commonly used evaluation measures for assessment of hedonic value were much fewer compared to measures for utilitarian value. These were used as starting points of this dissertation. In Chapter 3, the evaluation measures used in previous studies related to social AI personal assistant were collected and carefully reviewed. Through systematic review of 40 studies, the evaluation measures used in the past and limitation of related research were investigated. As a result, it was found that it was not easy to develop a prototype for evaluation, so it was possible to make the most of the products that have already been commercialized. In addition, all evaluation items used in previous studies were collected and used as the basis for the evaluation model to be proposed later. As a result of the analysis, considering the purpose of the social AI personal assistant, the role as supporting the user emotionally through social interaction with the user is important, but it was found that the evaluation measures related to hedonic value that are commonly used were still insufficient. In Chapter 4, evaluation measures that can be used in the initial stage of product development for social AI personal assistant were selected. Selected evaluation measures were used to evaluate three types of social robots and relationship among evaluation factors were induced through this evaluation. A process was proposed to understand to various opinions related to social robots and to derive evaluation items, and a case study was conducted in which a total of 230 people evaluated three social robots concept images using the evaluation items finally selected through this process. As a result, it is shown that consumers’ attitude toward products was built through the utilitarian dimension and the hedonic dimension. In addition, there is positive relationship between ease of use and utility in the utilitarian dimension, and among aesthetic pleasure, attractiveness of personality, affective value in the hedonic dimension. Moreover, it is confirmed that the evaluation model derived from this study showed superior explanatory power compared to the previously proposed technology acceptance model. In Chapter 5, the model was validated again by applying the evaluation measure and the relationship among evaluation factors derived in Chapter 4 to other products. 100 UX experts with expertise in the field of social AI personal assistants and 100 users who use the voice assistant service often, watched two concept videos of the voice assistant service to help users in the onboarding situation of mobile phones and evaluated these concepts. As a result of the evaluation, there is no significant difference in the evaluation results between the UX expert and the real user group, so the structural equation model analysis was conducted using all the data obtained from the UX expert and the real user group. As a result, results similar to those in Chapter 4 are obtained, and it is expected that the model could be generalized to social AI personal assistant products and applied for future research. This dissertation proposes evaluation measure and relationship among evaluation factors that can be applied when conducting user evaluation in the initial stage of social AI personal assistant development. In addition, case studies using social AI personal assistant products and services were conducted to validate it. With the findings of this study, it is expected that researchers who need to conduct user evaluation to clarify product concepts in the early stages of product development will be able to apply evaluation measures effectively. It is expected that the significance of this dissertation will become clearer if further research is conducted comparing the finished product of social AI personal assistants with the video type stimulus in the early stage of development.λ³Έ 논문은 졜근 λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ λ°œμ „ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” social AI personal assistant의 개발 초기 단계에 ν™œμš© κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μ‚¬μš©μž 평가 ν•­λͺ©μ„ κ°œλ°œν•˜κ³  평가 ν•­λͺ© κ°„μ˜ 관계λ₯Ό κ²€μ¦ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λͺ©ν‘œλ‘œ ν•œλ‹€. 개인 λ””λ°”μ΄μŠ€μ˜ λ°œλ‹¬λ‘œ 인해, 각 λ””λ°”μ΄μŠ€μ—μ„œ μƒμ„±λ˜λŠ” 데이터가 폭발적으둜 μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ³  있고, 이λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•œ 개인용 AI μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ 및 μ œν’ˆμ΄ λ‹€μ–‘ν•˜κ²Œ μ œμ•ˆλ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έ 관심에 λΉ„ν•΄, social AI personal assistant μ œν’ˆμ˜ μ‹€μ œ μ‹œμž₯은 아직 μ„±μˆ™ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 단계이닀. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μƒν™©μ—μ„œ μ œν’ˆμ„ λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ ν™•μ‚°μ‹œν‚€κ³  일반 μ†ŒλΉ„μžλ“€μ΄ μ‰½κ²Œ μ œν’ˆμ„ μˆ˜μš©ν•  수 있게 ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ”, μ†ŒλΉ„μžμ˜ κΈ°λŒ€μ™€ 인식을 μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  κ·Έλ₯Ό μΆ©μ‘±μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλŠ” μ œν’ˆμ„ κ°œλ°œν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€. 이에 따라 λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” μ œν’ˆ 개발 초기 단계에 ν™œμš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬μš©μž 평가 ν•­λͺ©μ„ μ œμ•ˆν•˜κ³  평가 ν•­λͺ© κ°„ 관계λ₯Ό λ„μΆœν•˜λŠ” 것을 λͺ©ν‘œλ‘œ ν•œλ‹€. λ¨Όμ € 2μž₯μ—μ„œλŠ” social AI personal assistant의 νŠΉμ§•, μ œν’ˆ 개발 초기 λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ” μ‚¬μš©μž ν‰κ°€μ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„± 및 κΈ°μ‘΄ μ‚¬μš©μž 평가 λͺ¨λΈμ˜ ν•œκ³„μ μ„ μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 기쑴에 기술 수용 λͺ¨λΈ 및 AI personal assistant μ œν’ˆμ˜ 평가 λͺ¨λΈλ“€μ΄ λ‹€μ–‘ν•˜κ²Œ μ œμ•ˆλ˜μ–΄ μ™”μœΌλ‚˜, μ œν’ˆ 개발 초기 단계에 ν™œμš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 평가 λͺ¨λΈμ€ λΆ€μ‘±ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , μ œν’ˆ μ „λ°˜μ„ 평가할 수 μžˆλŠ” 평가 λͺ¨λΈμ˜ λΆ€μž¬λ‘œ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ κΈ°μ‘΄ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” 두 가지 μ΄μƒμ˜ 평가 λͺ¨λΈμ„ κ²°ν•©, μˆ˜μ •ν•˜μ—¬ μ‚¬μš©ν•œ 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 3μž₯μ—μ„œλŠ” AI personal assistant κ΄€λ ¨ κΈ°μ‘΄ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ ν™œμš©λœ 평가 ν•­λͺ©μ„ κ²€ν† ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 총 40개의 연ꡬλ₯Ό λ¦¬λ·°ν•˜μ—¬, 기쑴에 ν™œμš©λ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 평가 ν•­λͺ©μ˜ μ’…λ₯˜ 및 ν•œκ³„μ μ„ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€. κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό, 평가λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ ν”„λ‘œν† νƒ€μž… 개발이 쉽지 μ•ŠκΈ°μ— 이미 μƒμš©ν™”λœ μ œν’ˆλ“€μ„ μ΅œλŒ€ν•œ ν™œμš©ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ©°, μ œν’ˆ μ „λ°˜μ„ ν‰κ°€ν•œ μ‚¬λ‘€λŠ” 뢀쑱함을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ κΈ°μ‘΄ 연ꡬ듀이 μ‚¬μš©ν•œ 평가 ν•­λͺ©μ„ λͺ¨λ‘ μˆ˜μ§‘ 및 μ •λ¦¬ν•˜μ—¬ 이후 μ œμ•ˆν•  평가 λͺ¨λΈμ˜ 기반 자료둜 ν™œμš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 뢄석 κ²°κ³Ό, social AI personal assistant의 λͺ©μ μ„ κ³ λ €ν•΄λ³΄μ•˜μ„ λ•Œ, μ‚¬μš©μžμ™€μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ  μΈν„°λž™μ…˜μ„ 톡해 μ‚¬μš©μžμ˜ 감정적인 면을 μ±„μ›Œμ£ΌλŠ” 역할이 μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, κ³΅ν†΅μ μœΌλ‘œ ν™œμš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 감정적 κ°€μΉ˜ κ΄€λ ¨ 평가 ν•­λͺ©μ΄ λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. 4μž₯μ—μ„œλŠ” social AI personal assistant μ œν’ˆ 개발 초기 λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œ ν™œμš© κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 평가 ν•­λͺ©μ„ μˆ˜μ§‘ 및 μ œμ•ˆν•˜κ³ , 평가 ν•­λͺ©μ„ ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬ social robots을 ν‰κ°€ν•œ λ’€ 이λ₯Ό 톡해 평가 ν•­λͺ© κ°„μ˜ 관계λ₯Ό λ„μΆœν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. Social robots κ΄€λ ¨ μ˜κ²¬μ„ λ‹€μ–‘ν•˜κ²Œ μ²­μ·¨ν•˜κ³  평가 ν•­λͺ©μ„ λ„μΆœν•˜λŠ” ν”„λ‘œμ„ΈμŠ€λ₯Ό μ œμ•ˆν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, λ³Έ ν”„λ‘œμ„ΈμŠ€λ₯Ό 톡해 μ΅œμ’… μ„ μ •λœ 평가 ν•­λͺ©μ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬, 총 230λͺ…이 μ„Έ 가지 social robots 컨셉 μ˜μƒμ„ ν‰κ°€ν•˜λŠ” 사둀 연ꡬλ₯Ό μ§„ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 평가 κ²°κ³Ό, μ œν’ˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ†ŒλΉ„μž νƒœλ„λŠ” Utilitarian dimensionκ³Ό Hedonic dimension을 톡해 ν˜•μ„±λ˜μ—ˆκ³ , Utilitarian dimension λ‚΄ μ‚¬μš©μ„± 및 μ œν’ˆ νš¨μš©μ„±, Hedonic dimension에 ν¬ν•¨λ˜λŠ” 심미적 λ§Œμ‘±λ„, μ„±κ²©μ˜ 맀λ ₯도, 감성적 κ°€μΉ˜ 각각은 μ„œλ‘œ 긍정적인 상관관계λ₯Ό μ§€λ‹˜μ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ 기쑴에 μ œμ•ˆλœ 기술 수용 λͺ¨λΈ λŒ€λΉ„ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ λ„μΆœν•œ 평가 λͺ¨λΈμ΄ μš°μˆ˜ν•œ μ„€λͺ…λ ₯을 λ³΄μž„μ„ ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 5μž₯μ—μ„œλŠ” 4μž₯μ—μ„œ λ„μΆœλœ 평가 λͺ¨λΈμ„ 타 μ œν’ˆμ— μ μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λͺ¨λΈμ„ λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œλ²ˆ κ²€μ¦ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν•΄λ‹Ή 뢄야에 전문성을 μ§€λ‹Œ UX μ „λ¬Έκ°€ 100λͺ… 및 μŒμ„± λΉ„μ„œ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό μ‹€μ œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” μ‹€μ‚¬μš©μž 100λͺ…이, νœ΄λŒ€ν° μ˜¨λ³΄λ”© μƒν™©μ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©μžλ₯Ό λ„μ™€μ£ΌλŠ” μŒμ„± λΉ„μ„œ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ˜ 컨셉 μ˜μƒ 두 가지λ₯Ό 보고 컨셉에 λŒ€ν•œ 평가λ₯Ό μ§„ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 평가 κ²°κ³Ό UX 전문가와 μ‹€μ‚¬μš©μž κ·Έλ£Ή κ°„μ—λŠ” 평가 결과에 μœ μ˜λ―Έν•œ 차이λ₯Ό 보이지 μ•Šμ•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—, UX 전문가와 μ‹€μ‚¬μš©μž κ·Έλ£Ήμ—μ„œ 얻은 데이터 전체λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬ ꡬ쑰 방정식 λͺ¨λΈ 뢄석을 μ§„ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό 5μž₯κ³Ό μœ μ‚¬ν•œ μˆ˜μ€€μ˜ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ–»μ—ˆκ³ , μΆ”ν›„ ν•΄λ‹Ή λͺ¨λΈμ„ social AI personal assistant μ œν’ˆμ— μΌλ°˜ν™”ν•˜μ—¬ ν™œμš©ν•  수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ νŒλ‹¨ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έ 논문은 social AI personal assistant κ΄€λ ¨ μ œν’ˆ 및 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ˜ 개발 초기 λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©μž 평가λ₯Ό 진행할 λ•Œ ν™œμš© κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 평가 ν•­λͺ© 및 평가 ν•­λͺ© κ°„μ˜ 관계λ₯Ό λ„μΆœν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ 이λ₯Ό κ²€μ¦ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ social AI personal assistant μ œν’ˆ 및 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•œ 사둀연ꡬλ₯Ό μ§„ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έ 연ꡬ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” μΆ”ν›„ μ œν’ˆ 개발 초기 λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œ μ œν’ˆμ˜ 컨셉을 λͺ…ν™•νžˆ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μ‚¬μš©μž 평가λ₯Ό μ‹€μ‹œν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 연ꡬ진이 효율적으둜 ν™œμš©ν•  수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ κΈ°λŒ€λœλ‹€. μΆ”ν›„ 이 λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 검증을 μœ„ν•΄, social AI personal assistants의 μ™„μ œν’ˆκ³Ό 개발 초기 λ‹¨κ³„μ˜ video type stimulusλ₯Ό λΉ„κ΅ν•˜λŠ” μΆ”κ°€ 연ꡬ가 이루어진닀면 λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 의미λ₯Ό 보닀 λͺ…ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ μ œμ‹œν•  수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°λœλ‹€.Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background and motivation 1 1.1 Research objectives 5 1.2 Dissertation outline 7 Chapter 2 Literature review 9 2.1 Social AI personal assistant 9 2.2 User centered design process 13 2.3 Technology acceptance models 16 2.4 Evaluation measures for social AI personal assistant 22 2.5 Existing evaluation methodologies for social AI personal assistant 27 Chapter 3 Collection of existing evaluation measures for social AI personal assistants 40 3.1 Background 40 3.2 Methodology 43 3.3 Result 51 3.4 Discussion 60 Chapter 4 Development of an evaluation model for social AI personal assistants 63 4.1 Background 63 4.2 Methodology 66 4.2.1 Developing evaluation measures for social AI personal assistants 68 4.2.2 Conducting user evaluation for social robots 74 4.3 Result 77 4.3.1 Descriptive statistics 77 4.3.2 Hypothesis development and testing 80 4.3.3 Comparison with existing technology acceptance models 88 4.4 Discussion 93 Chapter 5 Verification of an evaluation model with voice assistant services 95 5.1 Background 95 5.2 Methodology 98 5.2.1 Design of evaluation questionnaires for voice assistant services 99 5.2.2 Validation of relationship among evaluation factors 103 5.3 Result 108 5.3.1 Descriptive statistics 108 5.3.2 Hypothesis development and testing 111 5.3.3 Comparison with existing technology acceptance models 118 5.4 Discussion 121 Chapter 6 Conclusion 124 6.1 Summary of this study 124 6.2 Contribution of this study 126 6.3 Limitation and future work 128 Bibliography 129 Appendix A. Evaluation measures for social AI personal assistant collected in Chapter 4 146 Appendix B. Questionnaires for evaluation of social robots 154 Appendix C. Questionnaires for evaluation of voice assistant service 166λ°•
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