RFID LOGIN SYSTEM For COMPUTERS

This report covers the implementation of RFID Login System for computers. The objective of this project is to replace the existing smart card used to login to a computer, with RFID technology. RFID technology is identified as the best alternative for smart card, due to its high level of security. The project scope is to fabricate RFID tag and reader for computer login. The transponder will transmit the signal containing user's information upon activation and the reader will process the information for verification purposes. The scope of the study is mainly about the architecture of RFID and how to develop hardware related to RFID. A prototype mainly consists of microcontroller application, radio frequency data transmission circuitry and graphical user interface was successfully developed. The prototype can be effectively used for computer login, based on RFID technology.

Investigation of high bandwith biodevices for transcutaneous wireless telemetry

PhD ThesisBIODEVICE implants for telemetry are increasingly applied today in various areas applications. There are many examples such as; telemedicine, biotelemetry, health care, treatments for chronic diseases, epilepsy and blindness, all of which are using a wireless infrastructure environment. They use microelectronics technology for diagnostics or monitoring signals such as Electroencephalography or Electromyography. Conceptually the biodevices are defined as one of these technologies combined with transcutaneous wireless implant telemetry (TWIT). A wireless inductive coupling link is a common way for transferring the RF power and data, to communicate between a reader and a battery-less implant. Demand for higher data rate for the acquisition data returned from the body is increasing, and requires an efficient modulator to achieve high transfer rate and low power consumption. In such applications, Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) modulation has advantages over other schemes, and double the symbol rate with respect to Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) over the same spectrum band. In contrast to analogue modulators for generating QPSK signals, where the circuit complexity and power dissipation are unsuitable for medical purposes, a digital approach has advantages. Eventually a simple design can be achieved by mixing the hardware and software to minimize size and power consumption for implantable telemetry applications. This work proposes a new approach to digital modulator techniques, applied to transcutaneous implantable telemetry applications; inherently increasing the data rate and simplifying the hardware design. A novel design for a QPSK VHDL modulator to convey a high data rate is demonstrated. Essentially, CPLD/FPGA technology is used to generate hardware from VHDL code, and implement the device which performs the modulation. This improves the data transmission rate between the reader and biodevice. This type of modulator provides digital synthesis and the flexibility to reconfigure and upgrade with the two most often languages used being VHDL and Verilog (IEEE Standard) being used as hardware structure description languages. The second objective of this thesis is to improve the wireless coupling power (WCP). An efficient power amplifier was developed and a new algorithm developed for auto-power control design at the reader unit, which monitors the implant device and keeps the device working within the safety regulation power limits (SAR). The proposed system design has also been modeled and simulated with MATLAB/Simulink to validate the modulator and examine the performance of the proposed modulator in relation to its specifications.Higher Education Ministry in Liby

A self-powered single-chip wireless sensor platform

Internet of things” require a large array of low-cost sensor nodes, wireless connectivity, low power operation and system intelligence. On the other hand, wireless biomedical implants demand additional specifications including small form factor, a choice of wireless operating frequencies within the window for minimum tissue loss and bio-compatibility This thesis describes a low power and low-cost internet of things system suitable for implant applications that is implemented in its entirety on a single standard CMOS chip with an area smaller than 0.5 mm2. The chip includes integrated sensors, ultra-low-power transceivers, and additional interface and digital control electronics while it does not require a battery or complex packaging schemes. It is powered through electromagnetic (EM) radiation using its on-chip miniature antenna that also assists with transmit and receive functions. The chip can operate at a short distance (a few centimeters) from an EM source that also serves as its wireless link. Design methodology, system simulation and optimization and early measurement results are presented

Next generation RFID telemetry design for biomedical implants.

The design and development of a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) based pressure-sensing system to increase the range of current Intra-Ocular Pressure (IOP) sensing systems is described in this dissertation. A large number of current systems use near-field inductive coupling for the transfer of energy and data, which limits the operational range to only a few centimeters and does not allow for continuous monitoring of pressure. Increasing the powering range of the telemetry system will offer the possibility of continuous monitoring since the reader can be attached to a waist belt or put on a night stand when sleeping. The system developed as part of this research operates at Ultra-High Frequencies (UHF) and makes use of the electromagnetic far field to transfer energy and data, which increases the potential range of operation and allows for the use of smaller antennas. The system uses a novel electrically small antenna (ESA) to receive the incident RF signal. A four stage Schottky circuit rectifies and multiplies the received RF signal and provides DC power to a Colpitts oscillator. The oscillator is connected to a pressure sensor and provides an output signal frequency that is proportional to the change in pressure. The system was fabricated using a mature, inexpensive process. The performance of the system compares well with current state of the art, but uses a smaller antenna and a less expensive fabrication process. The system was able to operate over the desired range of 1 m using a half-wave dipole antenna. It was possible to power the system over a range of at least 6.4 cm when the electrically small antenna was used as the receiving antenna

Design And Implementation Of An X-Band Passive Rfid Tag

This research presents a novel fully integrated energy harvester, matching network, matching network,matching network, matching network,matching network, matching network, matching network, multi-stage RF-DC rectifier, mode selector, RC oscillator, LC oscillator, and X-band power amplifier implemented in IBM 0.18-µm RF CMOS technology. We investigated different matching schemes, antennas, and rectifiers with focus on the interaction between building blocks. Currently the power amplifier gives the maximum output power of 5.23 dBm at 9.1GHz. The entire RFID tag circuit was designed to operate in low power consumption. Voltage sensor circuit which generates the enable signal was designed to operate in very low current. All the test blocks of the RFID tag were tested. The smaller size and the cost of the RFID tag are critical for widespread adoption of the technology. The cost of the RFID tag can be lowered by implementing an on-chip antenna. We were able to develop, fabricate, and implement a fully integrated RFID tag in a smaller size (3 mm X 1.5 mm) than the existing tags. With further modifications, this could be used as a commercial low cost RFID tag

Hybrid RFID-Based System Using Active Two-Way Tags

Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a promising technology that has experienced tremendous growth by revolutionizing a variety of industry sectors and applications, such as automated data management, the tracking of a specified object, highway toll collection, library inventory tracking, multi-level asset tracking, and airport baggage control. For many RFID applications, it is desired to maximize the operating distance or read range. This thesis proposes a design of an analog front-end architecture and the baseband controller for a Class-4 Active Two-Way (C4-ATW) RFID tag in order to maximize or increase the tracking range by implementing a tag-hopping technique. In tag-hopping, C4-ATW RFID tags power their own communication with other C4-ATW RFID tags and existing passive RFID tag while the reader\u27s functionality remains unchanged. The simulation results indicate that the C4-ATW RFID tag can detect a minimum incident RF input power of -20 dBm at a 120 Kbps data rate. For -20 dBm input power; the achieved read range between a reader and tag is 36.7 meters at 4 W of reader power and between two tags, the read range is 2.15 meters at 25 mW tag power. Combined, the analog front end and baseband controller consume 50.3 mW of power and the area of the chip, including pads, is 854 µm x 542 µm

Ultra-Low Power Wake Up Receiver For Medical Implant Communications Service Transceiver

This thesis explores the specific requirements and challenges for the design of a dedicated wake-up receiver for medical implant communication services equipped with a novel “uncertain-IF†architecture combined with a high – Q filtering MEMS resonator and a free running CMOS ring oscillator as the RF LO. The receiver prototype, implements an IBM 0.18μm mixed-signal 7ML RF CMOS technology and achieves a sensitivity of -62 dBm at 404MHz while consuming \u3c100 μW from a 1 V supply