103,951 research outputs found
Patient Compliance with Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Scoping Review
Purpose/Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer deaths for women and men. Routine screening based on current national guidelines can decrease morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, patient compliance with CRC screening remains low. This scoping review will evaluate the literature and examine the association between colorectal cancer screening modality and patient compliance.
Methods
Individual searches within PubMed, EBSCO, and Medline were completed using MeSh with the following key words: colorectal cancer screening, patient compliance, stool-based screening, direct visualization, and others. A literature review was completed for 10 critically appraised articles published between 2010 and 2020. The association of the modality of CRC screening, patient compliance, and patient education was assessed and compared. A summary evaluation table was composed to determine the associations between CRC screening and patient compliance.
Results
The articles included consisted of four systematic reviews/meta-analysis, three randomized controlled trials, one controlled trial without randomization, and two cohort/case-control studies. Of the study sample (N=10), all but one demonstrated statistically significant findings concerning patient education, CRC screening, and compliance. Noninvasive stool-based studies have a higher patient compliance rate than direct visualization tests. Direct visualization tests offer same-session detection and biopsy with polyp removal leading to decreased mortality.
Implications for Nursing Practice
Results provided in this scoping review highlight the importance of colorectal cancer screening in decreasing mortality. Patient compliance can be improved with comprehensive education, discussing the risks and benefits of screenings, and evaluating individual health beliefs or fears. Patients still hesitant with direct visualization tests should begin with noninvasive studies. All positive screenings from stool-based screenings require follow-up with a colonoscopy
Methods for Evaluating Respondent Attrition in Web-Based Surveys
Background: Electronic surveys are convenient, cost effective, and increasingly popular tools for collecting information. While the online platform allows researchers to recruit and enroll more participants, there is an increased risk of participant dropout in Web-based research. Often, these dropout trends are simply reported, adjusted for, or ignored altogether.
Objective: To propose a conceptual framework that analyzes respondent attrition and demonstrates the utility of these methods with existing survey data.
Methods: First, we suggest visualization of attrition trends using bar charts and survival curves. Next, we propose a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) to detect or confirm significant attrition points. Finally, we suggest applications of existing statistical methods to investigate the effect of internal survey characteristics and patient characteristics on dropout. In order to apply this framework, we conducted a case study; a seventeen-item Informed Decision-Making (IDM) module addressing how and why patients make decisions about cancer screening.
Results: Using the framework, we were able to find significant attrition points at Questions 4, 6, 7, and 9, and were also able to identify participant responses and characteristics associated with dropout at these points and overall.
Conclusions: When these methods were applied to survey data, significant attrition trends were revealed, both visually and empirically, that can inspire researchers to investigate the factors associated with survey dropout, address whether survey completion is associated with health outcomes, and compare attrition patterns between groups. The framework can be used to extract information beyond simple responses, can be useful during survey development, and can help determine the external validity of survey results
On Regulatory and Organizational Constraints in Visualization Design and Evaluation
Problem-based visualization research provides explicit guidance toward
identifying and designing for the needs of users, but absent is more concrete
guidance toward factors external to a user's needs that also have implications
for visualization design and evaluation. This lack of more explicit guidance
can leave visualization researchers and practitioners vulnerable to unforeseen
constraints beyond the user's needs that can affect the validity of
evaluations, or even lead to the premature termination of a project. Here we
explore two types of external constraints in depth, regulatory and
organizational constraints, and describe how these constraints impact
visualization design and evaluation. By borrowing from techniques in software
development, project management, and visualization research we recommend
strategies for identifying, mitigating, and evaluating these external
constraints through a design study methodology. Finally, we present an
application of those recommendations in a healthcare case study. We argue that
by explicitly incorporating external constraints into visualization design and
evaluation, researchers and practitioners can improve the utility and validity
of their visualization solution and improve the likelihood of successful
collaborations with industries where external constraints are more present.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures, presented at BELIV workshop associated with IEEE
VIS 201
Structured Review of the Evidence for Effects of Code Duplication on Software Quality
This report presents the detailed steps and results of a structured review of code clone literature. The aim of the review is to investigate the evidence for the claim that code duplication has a negative effect on code changeability. This report contains only the details of the review for which there is not enough place to include them in the companion paper published at a conference (Hordijk, Ponisio et al. 2009 - Harmfulness of Code Duplication - A Structured Review of the Evidence)
Crafting a Systematic Literature Review on Open-Source Platforms
This working paper unveils the crafting of a systematic literature review on
open-source platforms. The high-competitive mobile devices market, where
several players such as Apple, Google, Nokia and Microsoft run a platforms- war
with constant shifts in their technological strategies, is gaining increasing
attention from scholars. It matters, then, to review previous literature on
past platforms-wars, such as the ones from the PC and game-console industries,
and assess its implications to the current mobile devices platforms-war. The
paper starts by justifying the purpose and rationale behind this literature
review on open-source platforms. The concepts of open-source software and
computer-based platforms were then discussed both individually and in unison,
in order to clarify the core-concept of 'open-source platform' that guides this
literature review. The detailed design of the employed methodological strategy
is then presented as the central part of this paper. The paper concludes with
preliminary findings organizing previous literature on open-source platforms
for the purpose of guiding future research in this area.Comment: As presented in 10th IFIP WG 2.13 International Conference on Open
Source Systems, OSS 2014, San Jos\'e, Costa Rica, May 6-9, 201
Real-time virtual sonography in gynecology & obstetrics. literature's analysis and case series
Fusion Imaging is a latest generation diagnostic technique, designed to combine ultrasonography with a second-tier technique such as magnetic resonance imaging and computer tomography. It has been mainly used until now in urology and hepatology. Concerning gynecology and obstetrics, the studies mostly focus on the diagnosis of prenatal disease, benign pathology and cervical cancer. We provided a systematic review of the literature with the latest publications regarding the role of Fusion technology in gynecological and obstetrics fields and we also described a case series of six emblematic patients enrolled from Gynecology Department of Sant ‘Andrea Hospital, “la Sapienza”, Rome, evaluated with Esaote Virtual Navigator equipment. We consider that Fusion Imaging could add values at the diagnosis of various gynecological and obstetrics conditions, but further studies are needed to better define and improve the role of this fascinating diagnostic tool
- …