A Symmetric Low-Frequency Stable Broadband Maxwell Formulation for Industrial Applications

A new monolithic, symmetric, low-frequency stable, broadband formulation of the time-harmonic Maxwell's equations is presented. The approach is based on a variational formulation of Maxwell's equations which accounts for the frequency dependencies of the underlying physical phenomena and does not require auxiliary variables. The formulation allows for stable evaluation at low frequencies, even if the frequency equals zero. It has a broadband validity and correctly comprises both high-frequency effects and (quasi-)static behaviors. This is demonstrated by using different test examples from scientific to large-scale real-world applications