The detection of fires under high voltage transmission lines.

Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.Fires generate heat and propel burning material into the air above and around the core of the fire. Fires under power lines reduce the breakdown strength of the air insulation due to the influence the heat and particles have on the electric field surrounding the conductors. The result can be flashovers and undesirable power supply interruptions in the electrical transmission network with a considerable impact on Eskom's 275 kV and 400 kV MTS (main transmission system) networks. Eskom typically experiences a loss in sales, a reduction in the quality of the power supplied to consumers and disgruntled consumers who in turn experience financial losses due to a loss in production. In this thesis, the high frequency characteristics of corona and electrical discharges generated by the fire phenomena are studied. The influence of the operating voltages on the electric fields, the potential of different media to initiate ionisation and comparison of conductor construction (bundling and diameter) are all considered in the measurement of high frequency signals in the range of frequencies available in the tuned circuits connected to power lines. The propagation of these high frequency signals is studied both in isolation of other sources of high frequency signals (within controlled laboratory conditions) and in the real environment adjacent to all other interfering sources. Finally the fingerprinting of the varying high frequency signal patterns associated with fires is considered with a view to implementing an operational early detection device. Early detection of a fire allows the utility to understand the source of a system fault, manage it effectively and if possible pre-empt possible failure by means of appropriately applied standard operating guidelines (SOG) to minimise the impact

Solar Power Satellites

An assessment by the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) that assesses the potential of the solar power satellite (SPS) as a source of energy, looking at four alternative SPS systems and at their "technical characteristics, long-term energy supply potential, international and military implications, environmental impacts, and institutional effects" (p. iii)

Creating a Korean Engineering Academic Vocabulary List (KEAVL): Computational Approach

With a growing number of international students in South Korea, the need for developing materials to study Korean for academic purposes is becoming increasingly pressing. According to statistics, engineering colleges in Korea attract the largest number of international students (Korean National Institute for International Education, 2018). However, despite the availability of technical vocabulary lists for some engineering sub-fields, a list of vocabulary common for the majority of the engineering sub-fields has not yet been built. Therefore, this study was aimed at creating a list of Korean academic vocabulary of engineering for non-native Korean speakers that may help future or first-year engineering students and engineers working in Korea. In order to compile this list, a corpus of Korean textbooks and research articles of 12 major engineering sub-fields, named as the Corpus of Korean Engineering Academic Texts (CKEAT), was compiled. Then, in order to analyze the corpus and compile the preliminary list, I designed a Python-based tool called KWordList. The KWordList lemmatizes all words in the corpus while excluding general Korean vocabulary included in the Korean Learner’s List (Jo, 2003). Then, for the remaining words, KWordList calculates the range, frequency, and dispersion (in this study deviation of proportions or DP (Gries, 2008)) and excludes words that do not pass the study’s criteria (range ≥ 6, frequency ≥ 100, DP ≤ 0.5). The final version of the list, called Korean Engineering Academic Vocabulary List or KEAVL, includes 830 lemmas (318 of intermediate level and 512 of advanced level). For each word, the collocations that occur more than 30 times in the corpus are provided. The comparison of the coverage of the Korean Academic Vocabulary List (Shin, 2004) and KEAVL based on the Corpus of Korean Engineering Academic Texts showed that KEAVL covers more lemmas in the corpus. Moreover, only 313 lemmas from the Korean Academic Vocabulary List (Shin, 2004) passed the criteria of the study. Therefore, KEAVL may be more efficient for engineering students’ vocabulary training than the Korean Academic Vocabulary List and may be used for the engineering Korean teaching materials and curriculum development. Moreover, the KWordList program written for the study can be used by other researchers, teachers, and even students and is open access (https://github.com/HelgaKr/KWordList)

Federal Register

Daily publication of the U.S. Office of the Federal Register contains rules and regulations, proposed legislation and rule changes, and other notices, including "Presidential proclamations and Executive Orders, Federal agency documents having general applicability and legal effect, documents required to be published by act of Congress, and other Federal agency documents of public interest" (p. ii). Table of Contents starts on page iii