New Directions In Database-Systems Research and Development

Prepared for: Chief of Naval Research Arlington, VA 22217In this paper, three new directions in database-systems research and development are indicated. One new direction is the emergence of the multilingual database systems where a single database system can execute many transactions written respectively in different data languages and support many databases structured correspondingly in various data models. Thus, a multi-lingual database system allows the old transactions and existing databases to be migrated to the new system, the user to explore the strong features of the various data languages and data models in the same system, the hardware upgrade to be focused on a single system instead of a heterogeneous collection of database systems, and the database application to cover wider types of transactions and interaction in the same environment. One other new direction is the emphasis of the multi-backend database systems where the database system is configured with a number of microprocessor-based processing units and their disk subsystems. These processing units and disk subsystems are called database backends. The unique characteristics of the backends are that the number of the backends is variable, the system software in all of the backends is identical, and the multiplicity of the backends is proportional to the performance and capacity of the system. Thus, for the first time, a multi-backend database system enables the user to relate the amount of hardware used (i.e., the number of the backends) to the degree of performance gain and capacity growth of the system. The third new direction is the possibility of the multi-host database systems where a single database system can communicate with a variable number and heterogeneous collection of mainframes in several different data languages and allow the mainframes to share the common database store and access. This paper attempts to articulate the background, benefits, requirements and architectures of these new types of database system, namely, the multi-lingua the multi-backend, and the multi-host database systems.DoD STARS Program and from the Office of Naval Research.Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited

The multi-lingual database system

In the past, the design and implementation of a database system has followed a rather conventional approach. First, a specific data model for the database system is chosen. Second, a corresponding model-based data language is then specified. The result of this traditional approach to the database-system development is a mono-lingual database system where the user sees and uses the database system with a specific data model and its model-based data language. The conventional practice for the database-system design and implementation mandates that a database system must be restricted tot a single data model and a specific model-based data language. This paper introduces a new and unconventional approach to the design and implementation of a database system, the multi-lingual database system (MLDS). The multi-lingual database system is a single database system that can execute many transactions written respectively in different data languages and support many databases structured correspondingly in various data models. For example, this multi-lingual database system can run DL/I transactions on IMS databases, CODASYL-DML transactions on network database, SQL transactions on relational databases and Daplex transactions on entity-relationship databases, where the system appears to the user like a heterogeneous collection of database systems. Thus, a multi-lingual database system allows the old transactions and existing databases to be migrated to the new environment, the experienced user to continue to utilize certain favorite features of existing data languages and data models, the new user to explore the strong features of the various data languages and data models, the hardware upgrade to be focused on a single system instead of a heterogeneous collection of database systems, and the database application to cover wider types of transactions and different modes of interactionssupported in part by the Foundation Research Program of the Naval Postgraduate School with funds provided by the Chief of Naval Researchhttp://archive.org/details/multilingualdata00demuN0001486WR4E001NAApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Learning Design Patterns: Exploring an inductive analysis approach

Preprint of article submitted to the joint Unfold/Prolearn Workshop, September 2005; to be published in a Special Issue on Learning Design of the IEEE journal Educational Technology & Society.Learning design patterns assist the development of effective courses, because patterns capture successful solutions. Pedagogical patterns are commonly created by human cognitive processing in "writer's workshops". Inductive techniques could be used to detect or determine patterns in existing data, or learning designs. This assumes that the learning designs are available in a format that is machine interpretable. The IMS Learning Design specification enables the formal coding of learning designs. We explain that we expect patterns to occur in the method section of a learning design and in particular in acts. We explore several inductive techniques that could be applied to existing learning designs in order to detect and determine patterns and discuss how these could be applied to create new learning designs

A first exploration of an inductive analysis approach for detecting learning design patterns

Please cite as: Francis Brouns, Rob Koper, Jocelyn Manderveld, Jan van Bruggen, Peter Sloep, Peter van Rosmalen, Colin Tattersall and Hubert Vogten (2005). A first exploration of an inductive analysis approach for detecting learning design patterns. Journal of Interactive Media in Education (Advances in Learning Design. Special Issue, eds. Colin Tattersall, Rob Koper), 2005/03. ISSN:1365-893X [http://jime.open.ac.uk/2005/03]One way to develop effective online courses is the use of learning design patterns, since patterns capture successful solutions. Pedagogical patterns are commonly created by human cognitive processing in "writer's workshops". We explore two ideas; first whether IMS Learning Design is suitable for detecting patterns in existing courses and secondly whether the use of inductive analyses is a suitable approach. We expect patterns to occur in the method section of a learning design, because here the process of teaching and learning is defined. We provide some suggestions for inductive techniques that could be applied to existing learning designs in order to detect patterns and discuss how the patterns could be used to create new learning designs. None of the suggested approaches are validated yet, but are intended as input for the ongoing discussion on patterns

Spatial transformations in Mercedes (Uruguay): representation of industrial agriculture growth and informal settlements.

Using Lefebvre\u27s theory of space, this study describes the interaction between landscape transformations and the increasing financial investments from agriculture industries in Mercedes, Uruguay. I gathered secondary data and produced analytical maps to understand the recent changes produced in the urban- rural space of Mercedes. I also had informal conversations with local and national government staff about plans and policies. The interaction between plans, policies, and foreign investments related to industrial agriculture and social mobility has created new orders and spaces in the city. The most vulnerable sectors of the society have not benefited from these new orders in space. Capital has increased the fragmentation of space between the inner city and the periphery and/or informal settlements. Recommendations center on how governmental institutions can develop new policies and regulations to improve and change critical aspects of Mercedes\u27 growth

Representations of Spatial Transformations: Industrial Agriculture and Informal Settlements in Mercedes, Uruguay

This study focuses on the social construction of abstract space in the city of Mercedes (Uruguay), which implies social relations of production, representations of space, and spatial practices and their physical manifestations. Through elements of Lefebvre’s triad (1991), this study explores spatial changes and challenges of Mercedes related to the development of industrial agriculture, and the growth of informal settlements. Secondary data and resulting analytical maps are utilized to understand recent changes produced in the urban-rural space of Mercedes. Informal conversations with local and national government staff discussed regional and local plans and policies. Interactions between plans, policies, and foreign investments related to industrial agriculture and social mobility have transformed public spaces and existing neighborhoods. Despite economic growth, the social-spatial fragmentation has increased between the inner city and the periphery and/or informal settlements