Semi-Analytical Model of the Rician K-Factor

The analysis of the performance of 5G wireless communication systems employing Massive MIMO at millimeter-wave frequencies is of great practical relevance. Of special relevance are the signal fluctuations. In the present paper, we introduce a semi-analytical model for a generic scattering environment by using randomly distributed resonant scatterers to investigate the impact of the size of the scattering environment, the scatterer density, and the number of scatterers on the signal variability in terms of the Rician K-factor as a function of frequency. We further present an investigation of the impact of scattering on the frequency dependence of the signal fading statistics in the 500 MHz–100 GHz band. The simplified model is also verified against full-wave simulation using the Method of Moments (MoM)

A spherical probability distribution model of the user-induced mobile phone orientation

This paper presents a statistical modeling approach of the real-life user-induced randomness due to mobile phone orientations for different phone usage types. As well-known, the radiated performance of a wireless device depends on its orientation and position relative to the user. Therefore, realistic handset usage models will lead to more accurate over-the-air characterization measurements for antennas and wireless devices in general. We introduce a phone usage classification based on the network access modes, e.g., voice (circuit switched) or non-voice (packet switched) services, and the use of accessories, such as wired or Bluetooth handsets, or a speaker-phone during the network access session. The random phone orientation is then modeled by the spherical von Mises-Fisher distribution for each of the identified phone usage types. A finite mixture model based on the individual probability distribution functions and heuristic weights is also presented. The models are based on data collected from built-in accelerometer measurements. Our approach offers a straightforward modeling of the user-induced random orientation for different phone usage types. The models can be used in the design of better handsets and antenna systems as well as for the design and optimization of wireless networks