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A Survey on Security Attacks and Defense Techniques for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles
Autonomous Vehicle has been transforming intelligent transportation systems.
As telecommunication technology improves, autonomous vehicles are getting
connected to each other and to infrastructures, forming Connected and
Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs). CAVs will help humans achieve safe, efficient, and
autonomous transportation systems. However, CAVs will face significant security
challenges because many of their components are vulnerable to attacks, and a
successful attack on a CAV may have significant impacts on other CAVs and
infrastructures due to their communications. In this paper, we conduct a survey
on 184 papers from 2000 to 2020 to understand state-of-the-art CAV attacks and
defense techniques. This survey first presents a comprehensive overview of
security attacks and their corresponding countermeasures on CAVs. We then
discuss the details of attack models based on the targeted CAV components of
attacks, access requirements, and attack motives. Finally, we identify some
current research challenges and trends from the perspectives of both academic
research and industrial development. Based on our studies of academic
literature and industrial publications, we have not found any strong connection
between academic research and industry's implementation on CAV-related security
issues. While efforts from CAV manufacturers to secure CAVs have been reported,
there is no evidence to show that CAVs on the market have the ability to defend
against some novel attack models that the research community has recently
found. This survey may give researchers and engineers a better understanding of
the current status and trend of CAV security for CAV future improvement