A Q-Learning approach with collective contention estimation for bandwidth-efficient and fair access control in IEEE 802.11p vehicular networks

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) are wireless networks formed of moving vehicle-stations, that enable safety-related packet exchanges among them. Their infrastructure-less, unbounded nature allows the formation of dense networks that present a channel sharing issue, which is harder to tackle than in conventional WLANs, due to fundamental differences of the protocol stack. Optimising channel access strategies is important for the efficient usage of the available wireless bandwidth and the successful deployment of VANETs. We present a Q-Learning-based approach to wirelessly network a big number of vehicles and enable the efficient exchange of data packets among them. More specifically, this work focuses on a IEEE 802.11p-compatible contention-based Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol for efficiently sharing the wireless channel among multiple vehicular stations. The stations feature algorithms that "learn" how to act optimally in a network in order to maximise their achieved packet delivery and minimise bandwidth wastage. Additionally, via a Collective Contention Estimation (CCE) mechanism which we embed on the Q-Learning agent, faster convergence, higher throughput and short-term fairness are achieved

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF REAL TIME STREAMING PROTOCOL (RTSP) AND REAL TIME TRANSPORT PROTOCOL (RTP) USING VLC APPLICATION ON LIVE VIDEO STREAMING

Video is a means of delivering very complete information and can be implemented using streaming technology. Networking services for local media exchange are helpful in teaching and learning activities, such as simultaneous video playback. Submission of information in the form of this video can be done by unicast, multicast or Broadcast packet delivery Live video streaming using RTP and RTSP protocol. The test was done through three experiments ie unicast, multicast and broadcast for five times. The output occurring at (RTP) is 4.73 MBit / sec for 5 client, higher than from (RTSP) of 13.799 MBit / sec for 5 client. This test occurs a very high Delay on RTP while RTSP has a low Delay in RTP. Meanwhile, the packet loss that occurs in (RTP) is 124.50% lower than (RTSP) which is 6.06% from 5 clients each. Because RTSP is an applicationlevel protocol for data delivery control that has real time characteristics such as streaming media. While RTP is designed not for streaming but to handle the actual data transmission of data in the form of sound or image or both, especially those based on real time such as streaming media