Issues in designing transport layer multicast facilities

Multicasting denotes a facility in a communications system for providing efficient delivery from a message's source to some well-defined set of locations using a single logical address. While modem network hardware supports multidestination delivery, first generation Transport Layer protocols (e.g., the DoD Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) (15) and ISO TP-4 (41)) did not anticipate the changes over the past decade in underlying network hardware, transmission speeds, and communication patterns that have enabled and driven the interest in reliable multicast. Much recent research has focused on integrating the underlying hardware multicast capability with the reliable services of Transport Layer protocols. Here, we explore the communication issues surrounding the design of such a reliable multicast mechanism. Approaches and solutions from the literature are discussed, and four experimental Transport Layer protocols that incorporate reliable multicast are examined

Multicasting Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Quantum States in Quantum Networks

In this paper, we target the practical implementation issues of quantum multicast networks. First, we design a recursive lossless compression that allows us to control the trade-off between the circuit complexity and the dimension of the compressed quantum state. We give a formula that describes the trade-off, and further analyze how the formula is affected by the controlling parameter of the recursive procedure. Our recursive lossless compression can be applied in a quantum multicast network where the source outputs homogeneous quantum states (many copies of a quantum state) to a set of destinations through a bottleneck. Such a recursive lossless compression is extremely useful in the current situation where the technology of producing large-scale quantum circuits is limited. Second, we develop two lossless compression schemes that work for heterogeneous quantum states (many copies of a set of quantum states) when the set of quantum states satisfies a certain structure. The heterogeneous compression schemes provide extra compressing power over the homogeneous compression scheme. Finally, we realize our heterogeneous compression schemes in several quantum multicast networks, including the single-source multi-terminal model, the multi-source multi-terminal model, and the ring networks. We then analyze the bandwidth requirements for these network models.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure

Random Linear Network Coding for 5G Mobile Video Delivery

An exponential increase in mobile video delivery will continue with the demand for higher resolution, multi-view and large-scale multicast video services. Novel fifth generation (5G) 3GPP New Radio (NR) standard will bring a number of new opportunities for optimizing video delivery across both 5G core and radio access networks. One of the promising approaches for video quality adaptation, throughput enhancement and erasure protection is the use of packet-level random linear network coding (RLNC). In this review paper, we discuss the integration of RLNC into the 5G NR standard, building upon the ideas and opportunities identified in 4G LTE. We explicitly identify and discuss in detail novel 5G NR features that provide support for RLNC-based video delivery in 5G, thus pointing out to the promising avenues for future research.Comment: Invited paper for Special Issue "Network and Rateless Coding for Video Streaming" - MDPI Informatio

Adaptive Multicast Multimedia Transmission Routing Protocol System (ACMMR) for Congestion Control and Load Balancing Techniques in Mobile Adhoc Networks

A MANET is a probable solution for this need to quickly establish interactions in a mobile and transient environment. Proposed congestion controlled adaptive multicasting routing protocol to achieve load balancing and avoid congestion in MANETs. The existing algorithm for finding multicasting routes computes fail-safe multiple paths, which provide all the intermediate nodes on the primary path with multiple routes to target node. Routing may let a congestion happen, which is detected by congestion control, but dealing with congestion in this reactive manner results in longer delay and redundant packet loss and requires significant overhead if a new route is needed. Transmission of real-time video typically has bandwidth, delay, and loss requirements. Video transmission over wireless network poses many challenges. To overcome these challenges, extensive research has been conducted in the various areas of video application