Access to markets and the benefits of rural roads

Transport infrastructure plays a central role in rural development, yet little is known about the size - or, especially, the distribution - of benefits from road investments. Among other benefits, rural roads provide cheaper access to both markets for agricultural output and for modern inputs. The author develops and implements a method for nonparametrically estimating the benefits from road projects at the household level. The idea is that since these benefits get capitalized in land values, they can be estimated by examining how the value of farmland falls with distance from agricultural markets. Household-level benefits from hypothetical road projects are calculated from the predicted appreciation in value of the household's farmland. These predicted benefits are then related to household per-capita expenditures to assess their distributional consequences. The empirical analysis, using data from Nepal, shows large benefits from extending roads into remote rural areas, much of these gains going to poorer households. But rural road construction is not the magic bullet for poverty alleviation. The benefits are neither large enough nor targetedwell enough to reduce income inequality appreciably.Health Economics&Finance,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Theory&Research,Labor Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Health Economics&Finance,Banks&Banking Reform,Roads&Highways

Good Health to All: Reducing Health Inequalities among Children in High- and Low-Income Canadian Families

Improving the health of children in low-income families, which is chronically worse than that of richer children, requires well-targeted policy reforms. This report identifies the policies that would, for families across different income groups, best address inequality in the health of children.social policy, health in children of low-income families, healthy lifestyles awareness