4 research outputs found

    Towards More Efficient DNN-Based Speech Enhancement Using Quantized Correlation Mask

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    Many studies on deep learning-based speech enhancement (SE) utilizing the computational auditory scene analysis method typically employs the ideal binary mask or the ideal ratio mask to reconstruct the enhanced speech signal. However, many SE applications in real scenarios demand a desirable balance between denoising capability and computational cost. In this study, first, an improvement over the ideal ratio mask to attain more superior SE performance is proposed through introducing an efficient adaptive correlation-based factor for adjusting the ratio mask. The proposed method exploits the correlation coefficients among the noisy speech, noise and clean speech to effectively re-distribute the power ratio of the speech and noise during the ratio mask construction phase. Second, to make the supervised SE system more computationally-efficient, quantization techniques are considered to reduce the number of bits needed to represent floating numbers, leading to a more compact SE model. The proposed quantized correlation mask is utilized in conjunction with a 4-layer deep neural network (DNN-QCM) comprising dropout regulation, pre-training and noise-aware training to derive a robust and high-order mapping in enhancement, and to improve generalization capability in unseen conditions. Results show that the quantized correlation mask outperforms the conventional ratio mask representation and the other SE algorithms used for comparison. When compared to a DNN with ideal ratio mask as its learning targets, the DNN-QCM provided an improvement of approximately 6.5% in the short-time objective intelligibility score and 11.0% in the perceptual evaluation of speech quality score. The introduction of the quantization method can reduce the neural network weights to a 5-bit representation from a 32-bit, while effectively suppressing stationary and non-stationary noise. Timing analyses also show that with the techniques incorporated in the proposed DNN-QCM system to increase its compac..

    Speech Enhancement Exploiting the Source-Filter Model

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    Imagining everyday life without mobile telephony is nowadays hardly possible. Calls are being made in every thinkable situation and environment. Hence, the microphone will not only pick up the user’s speech but also sound from the surroundings which is likely to impede the understanding of the conversational partner. Modern speech enhancement systems are able to mitigate such effects and most users are not even aware of their existence. In this thesis the development of a modern single-channel speech enhancement approach is presented, which uses the divide and conquer principle to combat environmental noise in microphone signals. Though initially motivated by mobile telephony applications, this approach can be applied whenever speech is to be retrieved from a corrupted signal. The approach uses the so-called source-filter model to divide the problem into two subproblems which are then subsequently conquered by enhancing the source (the excitation signal) and the filter (the spectral envelope) separately. Both enhanced signals are then used to denoise the corrupted signal. The estimation of spectral envelopes has quite some history and some approaches already exist for speech enhancement. However, they typically neglect the excitation signal which leads to the inability of enhancing the fine structure properly. Both individual enhancement approaches exploit benefits of the cepstral domain which offers, e.g., advantageous mathematical properties and straightforward synthesis of excitation-like signals. We investigate traditional model-based schemes like Gaussian mixture models (GMMs), classical signal processing-based, as well as modern deep neural network (DNN)-based approaches in this thesis. The enhanced signals are not used directly to enhance the corrupted signal (e.g., to synthesize a clean speech signal) but as so-called a priori signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimate in a traditional statistical speech enhancement system. Such a traditional system consists of a noise power estimator, an a priori SNR estimator, and a spectral weighting rule that is usually driven by the results of the aforementioned estimators and subsequently employed to retrieve the clean speech estimate from the noisy observation. As a result the new approach obtains significantly higher noise attenuation compared to current state-of-the-art systems while maintaining a quite comparable speech component quality and speech intelligibility. In consequence, the overall quality of the enhanced speech signal turns out to be superior as compared to state-of-the-art speech ehnahcement approaches.Mobiltelefonie ist aus dem heutigen Leben nicht mehr wegzudenken. Telefonate werden in beliebigen Situationen an beliebigen Orten gefĂŒhrt und dabei nimmt das Mikrofon nicht nur die Sprache des Nutzers auf, sondern auch die UmgebungsgerĂ€usche, welche das VerstĂ€ndnis des GesprĂ€chspartners stark beeinflussen können. Moderne Systeme können durch Sprachverbesserungsalgorithmen solchen Effekten entgegenwirken, dabei ist vielen Nutzern nicht einmal bewusst, dass diese Algorithmen existieren. In dieser Arbeit wird die Entwicklung eines einkanaligen Sprachverbesserungssystems vorgestellt. Der Ansatz setzt auf das Teile-und-herrsche-Verfahren, um störende UmgebungsgerĂ€usche aus Mikrofonsignalen herauszufiltern. Dieses Verfahren kann fĂŒr sĂ€mtliche FĂ€lle angewendet werden, in denen Sprache aus verrauschten Signalen extrahiert werden soll. Der Ansatz nutzt das Quelle-Filter-Modell, um das ursprĂŒngliche Problem in zwei Unterprobleme aufzuteilen, die anschließend gelöst werden, indem die Quelle (das Anregungssignal) und das Filter (die spektrale EinhĂŒllende) separat verbessert werden. Die verbesserten Signale werden gemeinsam genutzt, um das gestörte Mikrofonsignal zu entrauschen. Die SchĂ€tzung von spektralen EinhĂŒllenden wurde bereits in der Vergangenheit erforscht und zum Teil auch fĂŒr die Sprachverbesserung angewandt. Typischerweise wird dabei jedoch das Anregungssignal vernachlĂ€ssigt, so dass die spektrale Feinstruktur des Mikrofonsignals nicht verbessert werden kann. Beide AnsĂ€tze nutzen jeweils die Eigenschaften der cepstralen DomĂ€ne, die unter anderem vorteilhafte mathematische Eigenschaften mit sich bringen, sowie die Möglichkeit, Prototypen eines Anregungssignals zu erzeugen. Wir untersuchen modellbasierte AnsĂ€tze, wie z.B. Gaußsche Mischmodelle, klassische signalverarbeitungsbasierte Lösungen und auch moderne tiefe neuronale Netzwerke in dieser Arbeit. Die so verbesserten Signale werden nicht direkt zur Sprachsignalverbesserung genutzt (z.B. Sprachsynthese), sondern als sogenannter A-priori-Signal-zu-Rauschleistungs-SchĂ€tzwert in einem traditionellen statistischen Sprachverbesserungssystem. Dieses besteht aus einem Störleistungs-SchĂ€tzer, einem A-priori-Signal-zu-Rauschleistungs-SchĂ€tzer und einer spektralen Gewichtungsregel, die ĂŒblicherweise mit Hilfe der Ergebnisse der beiden SchĂ€tzer berechnet wird. Schließlich wird eine SchĂ€tzung des sauberen Sprachsignals aus der Mikrofonaufnahme gewonnen. Der neue Ansatz bietet eine signifikant höhere DĂ€mpfung des StörgerĂ€uschs als der bisherige Stand der Technik. Dabei wird eine vergleichbare QualitĂ€t der Sprachkomponente und der SprachverstĂ€ndlichkeit gewĂ€hrleistet. Somit konnte die GesamtqualitĂ€t des verbesserten Sprachsignals gegenĂŒber dem Stand der Technik erhöht werden

    A New Ratio Mask Representation for CASA-Based Speech Enhancement

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