Model migration schedules incorporating student migration peaks

This paper proposes an extension of the standard parameterised model migration schedule to account for highly age-concentrated student migration. Many age profiles of regional migration are characterised by sudden ‘spiked’ increases in migration intensities in the late teenage years, which are related to leaving school, and, in particular, to entry into higher education. The standard model schedule does not appear to be effective in describing the pattern at these ages. This paper therefore proposes an extension of the standard model through the addition of a student curve. The paper also describes a relatively simple Microsoft Excel-based fitting procedure. By way of illustration, both student peak and standard model schedules are fitted to the age patterns of internal migration for two Australian regions that experience substantial student migration. The student peak schedule is shown to provide an improved model of these migration age profiles. Illustrative population projections are presented to demonstrate the differences that result when model migration schedules with and without student peaks are used.Australia, Microsoft Excel, model migration schedule, population projection, student migration

Return migration of foreign students andthe choice of non-resident tuition fees

The paper presents a model of student migration in order to determine the optimal choice of non-resident tuition fees in a host country of higher education. Students with rational expectations consider a potential return migration in their first-round decision whether to study abroad, so that demand for the higher education system in the host country and optimal non-resident tuition fees depend on the stay rates of foreign-born graduates.A decline in stay rates of foreign students is demonstrated to induce a cutback of tuition fees if the costs of education per student are not too high. The fact that students take into account the possibility of return migration after graduation in their first-stage location decision in combination with rational expectations finally drives this result.tuition fees, oversea students, return migration, rational expectations, brain drain, preference for foreign lifestyle

Determinants of International Student Migration

© 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This paper considers what factors determine the migration of overseas students, when students cross borders for higher education. We utilise a gravity model for international student mobility and derive estimates for a sample of 18 countries of destination and 38 countries of origin over the period 2005-11. Our results confirm that geographical distance and the presence of a common language are powerful in explaining bilateral student flows. Our most interesting finding is that time zone differences have a statistically significant and economically large effect in determining international student flows. Copyrigh

Why do Students Migrate? Where do they Migrate to?

The flow of students has grown very rapidly these last decades, and in some regions, has become twice as important as the flows of those seeking work. The purpose of this study is to explore the elements affecting students’ decision on migration. The two main elements affecting migration are wages, and quality of education. It should be stressed that the countries with the highest-quality education are not necessarily those with high wages. Therefore there is a need to explore whether it is quality of higher education or wage levels that determine the direction of student flows. First, we develop a simple two-stage model relating decisions on educational choices to those on job search. Our model shows that student migration is towards countries with the highest quality of higher education. In the second part of this study, we empirically investigate our theoretical model using a panel data on European OECD countries. We use the Bologna process to outline which of the elements, wages or educational quality, determines the direction of flows. We find strong evidence of concentration of students in countries with high-quality education and not in high-wage countries.Migration, Human capital, Students, higher education, Bologna process, Brain drain.

The Determinants of Return Intentions of Turkish Students and Professionals Residing Abroad: An Empirical Investigation

The study estimates an empirical model of return intentions using a dataset compiled from an internet survey of Turkish professionals and Turkish students residing abroad. In the migration literature, wage differentials are often cited as an important factor explaining skilled migration. The findings of the study suggest, however, that other factors are also important in explaining the non-return of Turkish professionals. Economic instability in Turkey is found to be an important push factor, while work experience in Turkey also increases non-return. In the student sample, higher salaries offered in the host country and lifestyle preferences, including a more organized environment in the host country, increase the probability of not-returning. For both groups, the analysis also points to the importance of prior intentions and the role of the family in the decision to return to Turkey or stay overseas.Skilled migration, brain drain, return intentions, higher education, Turkey

A Cognitive Agent Computing-Based Model For The Primary School Student Migration Problem Using A Descriptive Agent-Based Approach

Students' migration from public to private schools, due to lack of school performance of public schools, is one of the major issues faced by the Government of Punjab to provide compulsory and quality education at low cost. Due to complex adaptive nature of educational system, interdependencies with society, constant feedback loops conventional linear regression methods, for evaluation of effective performance, are ineffective or costly to solve the issue. Linear regression techniques present the static view of the system, which are not enough to understand the complex dynamic nature of educational paradigm. We have presented a Cognitive Agent Computing-Based Model for the School Student Migration Problem Using a Descriptive Agent-Based Modeling approach to understand the causes-effects relationship of student migration. We have presented the primary school students' migration model using descriptive modeling approach along with exploratory modeling. Our research, in the context of Software Engineering of Simulation & Modeling, and exploring the Complex Adaptive nature of school system, is two folds. Firstly, the cause-effect relationship of students' migration is being investigated using Cognitive Descriptive Agent-Based Modeling. Secondly, the formalization extent of Cognitive Agent-Based Computing framework is analyzed by performing its comparative analysis with exploratory modeling protocol 'Overview, Design, and Detail'.Comment: 117 pages, MS thesi

Outflow of Talents or Exodus? Evidence of youth emigration from one of the EU's peripheral regions in Poland

Human-capital migration and its consequences for regional development are among the central issues discussed in migration and regional literature, while a growing interest has been recently observed in student migration as a driver of brain exchange between regions and countries. Furthermore, poor sending areas are often considered to be severely affected by the brain drain. Nevertheless, firm empirical evidence on the degree of the human-capital selectivity of youth migration is actually scarce due to measurement and methodological limitations. This paper sheds some light on human-capital redistribution across regions and countries by estimating the intensity and human-capital selectivity of youth emigration from poor and peripheral EU areas in Poland. A survey of 10 thousand secondary school graduates allowed an analysis of mobility patterns in relation to school-leaving exam results being a proxy for human capital, as well as to sex, type of school and former place of residence. This study revealed, that roughly 20% of graduates leave their home region, although migration rates across the youth characteristics followed by the results of logit regression model confirm that migration outflows, and particularly interregional moves, are a highly selective phenomenon. With regard to international mobility, student migration is positively selected as well, but economic migration among graduates electing not to continue education turns out to be adversely selected. Overall, the brain drain on EU’s peripheral areas in Poland with respect to the emigration of secondary-school graduates should be regarded as a selective outflow of most talented graduates to the leading academic centres, rather than massive migration of all graduates

Competition for the International Pool of Talent: Education Policy and Student Mobility

This paper presents a model of two countries competing for a pool of students from the rest of the world (ROW). In equilibrium, one country offers high educational quality for high tuition fees, while the other country provides a low quality and charges low fees. The quality in the high quality country, the tuition fees, and the quality and tuition fee differential between the countries increase with the income prospects in ROW and the number of international students. Higher stay rates of foreign students lead to more ambiguous results. In particular, an increase in educational quality can be accompanied by a decline in tuition fees. Furthermore, international competition for students can give rise to a brain gain in ROW.Higher education; student mobility; vertical quality dierentiation; return migration; brain gain

Tuition fees and student mobility

The upsurge in the popularity of studying abroad continues across the globe. By adopting the context of human capital migration theory, our paper aims to examine how tuition fees influences international student mobility. We focus on the international student inflow in five Nordic countries and Germany from 26 non EU/EAA and 31 EU/EEA countries, covering 3206 observations in total. During the period between 2003-2012 we employed a modified gravity model to empirically test the relationship between tuition fees and student inflow. The results reveal that, compared to providing free higher education, charging tuition fees has negative effects on student inflow

Assessing the effects of local contexts on the mobility choices of university students in Campania region in Italy

The mobility of university students in Italy has been framed as a phenomenon linked to so-called intellectual migrations and as a subset of the historical and consolidated internal migration path explained in terms of South–North trajectory. This study describes the most important mobility trajectories of students across macro-areas and disciplinary fields, and then evaluates, using a multilevel logistic regression model, the factors that encouraged student cohort, who were enrolled in a degree program in the academic years 2014–2015, to move elsewhere from the Campania region. Beyond fixed and interaction effects related to the students’ personal characteristics, the model included possible random effects linked to the high schools attended by the students to capture the possible influence of the local context on migration choices