2 research outputs found
Security Issues of Low Power Wide Area Networks in the Context of LoRa Networks
Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) have been used to support low cost and
mobile bi-directional communications for the Internet of Things (IoT), smart
city and a wide range of industrial applications. A primary security concern of
LPWAN technology is the attacks that block legitimate communication between
nodes resulting in scenarios like loss of packets, delayed packet arrival, and
skewed packet reaching the reporting gateway. LoRa (Long Range) is a promising
wireless radio access technology that supports long-range communication at low
data rates and low power consumption. LoRa is considered as one of the ideal
candidates for building LPWANs. We use LoRa as a reference technology to review
the IoT security threats on the air and the applicability of different
countermeasures that have been adopted so far. LoRa nodes that are close to the
gateway use a small SF than the nodes which are far away. But it also implies
long in-the-air transmission time, which makes the transmitted packets
vulnerable to different kinds of malicious attacks, especially in the physical
and the link layer. Therefore, it is not possible to enforce a fixed set of
rules for all LoRa nodes since they have different levels of vulnerabilities.
Our survey reveals that there is an urgent need for secure and uninterrupted
communication between an end-device and the gateway, especially when the threat
models are unknown in advance. We explore the traditional countermeasures and
find that most of them are ineffective now, such as frequency hopping and
spread spectrum methods. In order to adapt to new threats, the emerging
countermeasures using game-theoretic approaches and reinforcement machine
learning methods can effectively identify threats and dynamically choose the
corresponding actions to resist threats, thereby making secured and reliable
communications.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures, 3 table
Next-generation Wireless Solutions for the Smart Factory, Smart Vehicles, the Smart Grid and Smart Cities
5G wireless systems will extend mobile communication services beyond mobile
telephony, mobile broadband, and massive machine-type communication into new
application domains, namely the so-called vertical domains including the smart
factory, smart vehicles, smart grid, smart city, etc. Supporting these vertical
domains comes with demanding requirements: high-availability, high-reliability,
low-latency, and in some cases, high-accuracy positioning. In this survey, we
first identify the potential key performance requirements of 5G communication
in support of automation in the vertical domains and highlight the 5G enabling
technologies conceived for meeting these requirements. We then discuss the key
challenges faced both by industry and academia which have to be addressed in
order to support automation in the vertical domains. We also provide a survey
of the related research dedicated to automation in the vertical domains.
Finally, our vision of 6G wireless systems is discussed briefly