A License-Based Search Engine

International audienceThe reuse of licensed resources to produce new ones is very common and encouraged on the Web. But producing resources whose licenses are compliant with all reused resource licenses is not easy. It is necessary to know (1) the set of licenses with which the license of the produced resource is compliant and (2) what are the available resources whose licenses are part of this set. With CaLi, we provide an answer to the first concern. CaLi is a lattice-based model that partially orders licenses in terms of compatibility and compliance. In this demonstration, we illustrate the usability of CaLi through a prototype for the second concern. That is, based on a CaLi ordering of licenses we implement a license-based search engine which can answer questions such as "find licensed resources that can be reused under a given license" or "find licensed resources that can reuse a resource that has a particular license"

Trust, Accountability, and Autonomy in Knowledge Graph-based AI for Self-determination

Knowledge Graphs (KGs) have emerged as fundamental platforms for powering intelligent decision-making and a wide range of Artificial Intelligence (AI) services across major corporations such as Google, Walmart, and AirBnb. KGs complement Machine Learning (ML) algorithms by providing data context and semantics, thereby enabling further inference and question-answering capabilities. The integration of KGs with neuronal learning (e.g., Large Language Models (LLMs)) is currently a topic of active research, commonly named neuro-symbolic AI. Despite the numerous benefits that can be accomplished with KG-based AI, its growing ubiquity within online services may result in the loss of self-determination for citizens as a fundamental societal issue. The more we rely on these technologies, which are often centralised, the less citizens will be able to determine their own destinies. To counter this threat, AI regulation, such as the European Union (EU) AI Act, is being proposed in certain regions. The regulation sets what technologists need to do, leading to questions concerning: How can the output of AI systems be trusted? What is needed to ensure that the data fuelling and the inner workings of these artefacts are transparent? How can AI be made accountable for its decision-making? This paper conceptualises the foundational topics and research pillars to support KG-based AI for self-determination. Drawing upon this conceptual framework, challenges and opportunities for citizen self-determination are illustrated and analysed in a real-world scenario. As a result, we propose a research agenda aimed at accomplishing the recommended objectives

A License-Based Search Engine

International audienceThe reuse of licensed resources to produce new ones is very common and encouraged on the Web. But producing resources whose licenses are compliant with all reused resource licenses is not easy. It is necessary to know (1) the set of licenses with which the license of the produced resource is compliant and (2) what are the available resources whose licenses are part of this set. With CaLi, we provide an answer to the first concern. CaLi is a lattice-based model that partially orders licenses in terms of compatibility and compliance. In this demonstration, we illustrate the usability of CaLi through a prototype for the second concern. That is, based on a CaLi ordering of licenses we implement a license-based search engine which can answer questions such as "find licensed resources that can be reused under a given license" or "find licensed resources that can reuse a resource that has a particular license"

A License-Based Search Engine

International audienceThe reuse of licensed resources to produce new ones is very common and encouraged on the Web. But producing resources whose licenses are compliant with all reused resource licenses is not easy. It is necessary to know (1) the set of licenses with which the license of the produced resource is compliant and (2) what are the available resources whose licenses are part of this set. With CaLi, we provide an answer to the first concern. CaLi is a lattice-based model that partially orders licenses in terms of compatibility and compliance. In this demonstration, we illustrate the usability of CaLi through a prototype for the second concern. That is, based on a CaLi ordering of licenses we implement a license-based search engine which can answer questions such as "find licensed resources that can be reused under a given license" or "find licensed resources that can reuse a resource that has a particular license"

CaLi: A Lattice-Based Model for License Classifications

Web applications facilitate combining resources (linked data, web services, source code, documents, etc.) to create new ones. For a resource producer, choosing the appropriate license for a combined resource involves choosing a license compliant with all the licenses of combined resources and controlling the reusability of the resulting resource through the compatibility of its license. The risk is either, to choose a license too restrictive making the resource difficult to reuse, or to choose a not enough restrictive license that will not sufficiently protect the resource. Finding the right trade-off between compliance and compatibility is a difficult process. An automatic classification over licenses protecting resources would facilitate this task. Our research question is: given a license li, how to automatically position li over a set of licenses in terms of compatibility and compliance? We propose CaLi, a lattice-based model to classify licenses. CaLi classifications are able to answer questions like, " what are the licenses with which li is compliant? " and " what are the licenses with which li is compatible? ". We show the usability of a CaLi classification through a prototype of a license-based search engine for the Web of Data. Our work is a step forward to facilitate and encourage the reuse of license compliant resources in the Web

Modelling the Compatibility of Licenses

International audienceWeb applications facilitate combining resources (linked data, web services, source code, documents, etc.) to create new ones. For a resource producer, choosing the appropriate license for a combined resource is not easy. It involves choosing a license compliant with all the licenses of combined resources and analysing the reusability of the resulting resource through the compatibility of its license. The risk is either, to choose a license too restrictive making the resource difficult to reuse, or to choose a not enough restrictive license that will not sufficiently protect the resource. Finding the right trade-off between compliance and compatibility is a difficult process. An automatic ordering over licenses would facilitate this task. Our research question is: given a license li, how to automatically position li over a set of licenses in terms of compatibility and compliance? We propose CaLi, a model that partially orders licenses. Our approach uses restrictiveness relations among licenses to define compatibility and compliance. We validate experimentally CaLi with a quadratic algorithm and show its usability through a prototype of a license-based search engine. Our work is a step towards facilitating and encouraging the publication and reuse of licensed resources in the Web of Data

CaLi: A Lattice-Based Model for License Classifications

International audienceWeb applications facilitate combining resources (linked data, web services, source code, documents, etc.) to create new ones. For a resource producer, choosing the appropriate license for a combined resource involves choosing a license compliant with all the licenses of combined resources and controlling the reusability of the resulting resource through the compatibility of its license. The risk is either, to choose a license too restrictive making the resource difficult to reuse, or to choose a not enough restrictive license that will not sufficiently protect the resource. Finding the right trade-off between compliance and compatibility is a difficult process. An automatic classification over licenses protecting resources would facilitate this task. Our research question is: given a license li, how to automatically position li over a set of licenses in terms of compatibility and compliance? We propose CaLi, a lattice-based model to classify licenses. CaLi classifications are able to answer questions like, " what are the licenses with which li is compliant? " and " what are the licenses with which li is compatible? ". We show the usability of a CaLi classification through a prototype of a license-based search engine for the Web of Data. Our work is a step forward to facilitate and encourage the reuse of license compliant resources in the Web

CaLi: A Lattice-Based Model for License Classifications

International audienceWeb applications facilitate combining resources (linked data, web services, source code, documents, etc.) to create new ones. For a resource producer, choosing the appropriate license for a combined resource involves choosing a license compliant with all the licenses of combined resources and controlling the reusability of the resulting resource through the compatibility of its license. The risk is either, to choose a license too restrictive making the resource difficult to reuse, or to choose a not enough restrictive license that will not sufficiently protect the resource. Finding the right trade-off between compliance and compatibility is a difficult process. An automatic classification over licenses protecting resources would facilitate this task. Our research question is: given a license li, how to automatically position li over a set of licenses in terms of compatibility and compliance? We propose CaLi, a lattice-based model to classify licenses. CaLi classifications are able to answer questions like, " what are the licenses with which li is compliant? " and " what are the licenses with which li is compatible? ". We show the usability of a CaLi classification through a prototype of a license-based search engine for the Web of Data. Our work is a step forward to facilitate and encourage the reuse of license compliant resources in the Web

CaLi: A Lattice-Based Model for License Classifications

Web applications facilitate combining resources (linked data, web services, source code, documents, etc.) to create new ones. For a resource producer, choosing the appropriate license for a combined resource involves choosing a license compliant with all the licenses of combined resources and controlling the reusability of the resulting resource through the compatibility of its license. The risk is either, to choose a license too restrictive making the resource difficult to reuse, or to choose a not enough restrictive license that will not sufficiently protect the resource. Finding the right trade-off between compliance and compatibility is a difficult process. An automatic classification over licenses protecting resources would facilitate this task. Our research question is: given a license li, how to automatically position li over a set of licenses in terms of compatibility and compliance? We propose CaLi, a lattice-based model to classify licenses. CaLi classifications are able to answer questions like, " what are the licenses with which li is compliant? " and " what are the licenses with which li is compatible? ". We show the usability of a CaLi classification through a prototype of a license-based search engine for the Web of Data. Our work is a step forward to facilitate and encourage the reuse of license compliant resources in the Web