Increasing Service Quality Of Multimedia Streaming Using Hybrid Peer-To-Peer Model

The peer-to-peer file sharing application has become increasingly popular for Internet users since the 1999 introduction of Napster. In the past decade, several more applications have been invented, such as Gnutella, FastTrack, Chord, Freenet, and BitTorrent. However, all of these applications use the downloading method that requires the source to be downloaded from one or more resources to one requesting peer. Now, alternative methods of file sharing delivery have been introduced; some examples include CELL, CollectCast, DAC, and GnuStream dan PAST, all ofwhich use streaming to deliver media content to the user. Because peer-to-peer file sharing and streaming systems- such as Video on Demand and IPTV - are popular among Internet users, developers and researchers have a tendency to combine the Video on Demand and peer-to-peer topology into one system. This way, the channel program of Video on Demand or IPTV can be inexpensively distributed on the Internet by utilizing the availability of peers; each peer becomes both a receiver and a supplier to another peer. Many problems are associated with media streaming of file sharing applications, some of which include query-saturated networks, high latency in locating content, attempting to preserve uninterrupted streaming sessions, high peer load, flash crowds, and bottlenecks. As such, proposed system has been introduced in an effort to reduce the maintenance cost of overlay network topology, the routing and access costs of lookup services, and to service costs of streaming sessions. Proposed system is a combination of pure, client-server, and hierarchical peer-to-peer topology, and is categorized as a hybrid peer-to-peer business model. Five experiments, consisting of four simulations and an expert evaluation, have been executed to determine the performance, scalability, maintenance, reliability and usability. The results reveal that proposed system can improve the quality of file sharing applications by reducing path length, peer load, and total usage while maintaining the overlay network topology in various chum rates, as well as locating a file in lookup services. The results also show that proposed system has sufficient scalability whenever the network size and number of queries increase

Moving P2P Live Streaming to Mobile and Ubiquitous Environment

Media streams distribution over a wired network to static hosts can be realized by Client/Server mode or Peer-to-Peer overlay networks. However, if the end hosts are mobile over heterogeneous wireless access networks, one needs to consider many operational issues such as network detection, handoff, join and leave latency, and desired level of quality of service, as well as caching. In the latest researches, one popular P2P live streaming system, called AnySee, over the wired network, has been deployed and widely used. Based on the AnySee system, this paper proposed and implemented one hybrid live streaming system, AnySee-Mobile, under wired and wireless environment. In the system, one wireless peer will be selected to act as an agent. One agent has two main functions, to request media from P2P overlay network as a normal peer, and to multicast media to WLAN as a multicast source. In this paper we study, how to elect one multicast agent in WLAN. Several experimentations have been made and proved that the system has good user experiences and performances

LayeredCast -A Hybrid Peer-to-Peer Live Layered Video Streaming Protocol

Abstract-Peer-to-Peer overlay networks are an attractive foundation for video streaming. However, live Peer-to-Peer media streaming systems face many challenges such as bandwidth heterogeneity, node churn, and selfish nodes. Although many tree based and mesh based streaming protocols have been proposed, each has its own drawbacks such as unreliability and unfairness in tree based and long startup delay and complex scheduling in mesh based protocols. In this paper, we propose a new video streaming protocol called LayeredCast main features of which are: 1) Hybrid: Drawbacks of the simple approaches are compensated using a hybrid of mesh and tree overlays. 2) Layered Video: Provides an adaptive scheme to enhance the video quality using a layered video codec for heterogeneous clients. 3) QoS: LayeredCast scheduling aims at moving complexity of Multi-Service network core to the network clients application layer, thus providing better QoS over simple regular networks. LayeredCast's tree network pushes the base layer to all peers while the enhancement layers and missing base layer segments are pulled over a mesh network by peers with extra bandwidth using a new data-driven scheduling scheme. We have evaluated the performance of LayeredCast on an innovative simulation framework. Simulation results verify better performance of LayeredCast in term of decodable video frames over CoolStreaming, especially when network resources are limited

Efficient P2P media dissemination with forward error correction

Media application on the internet has become more and more popular as the bandwidth of the network links increase. The bottleneck of the existing media systems is no longer the link bandwidth at user’s end, but the server’s ability to handle streaming requests. These existing streaming systems do not scale up to a large number of users. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) architecture allows the system to scale up to a large number of users by using the peer to help forward data. However, because the peers in a P2P system participate in the data forwarding process, the performance of the P2P system depends on the reliability and robustness of the peers. We propose a hybrid P2P topology that is efficient in both bandwidth utilization and scalability. This paper describes the construction and the algorithm design of our proposed data dissemination scheme. In order to achieve reliability and robustness requirements of real-time media applications, we implemented Forward Error Correction (FEC) which substantially improves the packet loss rate at the peer’s end. The system can be scaled up to a large number of users and is capable of disseminating high-quality media (audio and video) stream

AngelCast: cloud-based peer-assisted live streaming using optimized multi-tree construction

Increasingly, commercial content providers (CPs) offer streaming solutions using peer-to-peer (P2P) architectures, which promises significant scalabil- ity by leveraging clients’ upstream capacity. A major limitation of P2P live streaming is that playout rates are constrained by clients’ upstream capac- ities – typically much lower than downstream capacities – which limit the quality of the delivered stream. To leverage P2P architectures without sacri- ficing quality, CPs must commit additional resources to complement clients’ resources. In this work, we propose a cloud-based service AngelCast that enables CPs to complement P2P streaming. By subscribing to AngelCast, a CP is able to deploy extra resources (angel), on-demand from the cloud, to maintain a desirable stream quality. Angels do not download the whole stream, nor are they in possession of it. Rather, angels only relay the minimal fraction of the stream necessary to achieve the desired quality. We provide a lower bound on the minimum angel capacity needed to maintain a desired client bit-rate, and develop a fluid model construction to achieve it. Realizing the limitations of the fluid model construction, we design a practical multi- tree construction that captures the spirit of the optimal construction, and avoids its limitations. We present a prototype implementation of AngelCast, along with experimental results confirming the feasibility of our service.Supported in part by NSF awards #0720604, #0735974, #0820138, #0952145, #1012798 #1012798 #1430145 #1414119. (0720604 - NSF; 0735974 - NSF; 0820138 - NSF; 0952145 - NSF; 1012798 - NSF; 1430145 - NSF; 1414119 - NSF

Taxonomy of P2P Applications

Peer-to-peer (p2p) networks have gained immense popularity in recent years and the number of services they provide continuously rises. Where p2p-networks were formerly known as file-sharing networks, p2p is now also used for services like VoIP and IPTV. With so many different p2p applications and services the need for a taxonomy framework rises. This paper describes the available p2p applications grouped by the services they provide. A taxonomy framework is proposed to classify old and recent p2p applications based on their characteristics

A Comprehensive Analysis of Swarming-based Live Streaming to Leverage Client Heterogeneity

Due to missing IP multicast support on an Internet scale, over-the-top media streams are delivered with the help of overlays as used by content delivery networks and their peer-to-peer (P2P) extensions. In this context, mesh/pull-based swarming plays an important role either as pure streaming approach or in combination with tree/push mechanisms. However, the impact of realistic client populations with heterogeneous resources is not yet fully understood. In this technical report, we contribute to closing this gap by mathematically analysing the most basic scheduling mechanisms latest deadline first (LDF) and earliest deadline first (EDF) in a continuous time Markov chain framework and combining them into a simple, yet powerful, mixed strategy to leverage inherent differences in client resources. The main contributions are twofold: (1) a mathematical framework for swarming on random graphs is proposed with a focus on LDF and EDF strategies in heterogeneous scenarios; (2) a mixed strategy, named SchedMix, is proposed that leverages peer heterogeneity. The proposed strategy, SchedMix is shown to outperform the other two strategies using different abstractions: a mean-field theoretic analysis of buffer probabilities, simulations of a stochastic model on random graphs, and a full-stack implementation of a P2P streaming system.Comment: Technical report and supplementary material to http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7497234