2,331 research outputs found
Cyclic proof systems for modal fixpoint logics
This thesis is about cyclic and ill-founded proof systems for modal fixpoint logics, with and without explicit fixpoint quantifiers.Cyclic and ill-founded proof-theory allow proofs with infinite branches or paths, as long as they satisfy some correctness conditions ensuring the validity of the conclusion. In this dissertation we design a few cyclic and ill-founded systems: a cyclic one for the weak Grzegorczyk modal logic K4Grz, based on our explanation of the phenomenon of cyclic companionship; and ill-founded and cyclic ones for the full computation tree logic CTL* and the intuitionistic linear-time temporal logic iLTL. All systems are cut-free, and the cyclic ones for K4Grz and iLTL have fully finitary correctness conditions.Lastly, we use a cyclic system for the modal mu-calculus to obtain a proof of the uniform interpolation property for the logic which differs from the original, automata-based one
Documenting Knowledge Graph Embedding and Link Prediction using Knowledge Graphs
In recent years, sub-symbolic learning, i.e., Knowledge Graph Embedding (KGE) incorporated with Knowledge Graphs (KGs) has gained significant attention in various downstream tasks (e.g., Link Prediction (LP)). These techniques learn a latent vector representation of KG's semantical structure to infer missing links. Nonetheless, the KGE models remain a black box, and the decision-making process behind them is not clear. Thus, the trustability and reliability of the model's outcomes have been challenged. While many state-of-the-art approaches provide data-driven frameworks to address these issues, they do not always provide a complete understanding, and the interpretations are not machine-readable. That is why, in this work, we extend a hybrid interpretable framework, InterpretME, in the field of the KGE models, especially for translation distance models, which include TransE, TransH, TransR, and TransD. The experimental evaluation on various benchmark KGs supports the validity of this approach, which we term Trace KGE. Trace KGE, in particular, contributes to increased interpretability and understanding of the perplexing KGE model's behavior
An examination of the verbal behaviour of intergroup discrimination
This thesis examined relationships between psychological flexibility, psychological inflexibility, prejudicial attitudes, and dehumanization across three cross-sectional studies with an additional proposed experimental study. Psychological flexibility refers to mindful attention to the present moment, willing acceptance of private experiences, and engaging in behaviours congruent with oneâs freely chosen values. Inflexibility, on the other hand, indicates a tendency to suppress unwanted thoughts and emotions, entanglement with oneâs thoughts, and rigid behavioural patterns. Study 1 found limited correlations between inflexibility and sexism, racism, homonegativity, and dehumanization. Study 2 demonstrated more consistent positive associations between inflexibility and prejudice. And Study 3 controlled for right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation, finding inflexibility predicted hostile sexism and racism beyond these factors. While showing some relationships, particularly with sexism and racism, psychological inflexibility did not consistently correlate with varied prejudices across studies.
The proposed randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy intervention to reduce sexism through enhanced psychological flexibility. Overall, findings provide mixed support for the utility of flexibility-based skills in addressing complex societal prejudices. Research should continue examining flexibility integrated with socio-cultural approaches to promote equity
Fuzzy Natural Logic in IFSA-EUSFLAT 2021
The present book contains five papers accepted and published in the Special Issue, âFuzzy Natural Logic in IFSA-EUSFLAT 2021â, of the journal Mathematics (MDPI). These papers are extended versions of the contributions presented in the conference âThe 19th World Congress of the International Fuzzy Systems Association and the 12th Conference of the European Society for Fuzzy Logic and Technology jointly with the AGOP, IJCRS, and FQAS conferencesâ, which took place in Bratislava (Slovakia) from September 19 to September 24, 2021. Fuzzy Natural Logic (FNL) is a system of mathematical fuzzy logic theories that enables us to model natural language terms and rules while accounting for their inherent vagueness and allows us to reason and argue using the tools developed in them. FNL includes, among others, the theory of evaluative linguistic expressions (e.g., small, very large, etc.), the theory of fuzzy and intermediate quantifiers (e.g., most, few, many, etc.), and the theory of fuzzy/linguistic IFâTHEN rules and logical inference. The papers in this Special Issue use the various aspects and concepts of FNL mentioned above and apply them to a wide range of problems both theoretically and practically oriented. This book will be of interest for researchers working in the areas of fuzzy logic, applied linguistics, generalized quantifiers, and their applications
Automatic Generation of Personalized Recommendations in eCoaching
Denne avhandlingen omhandler eCoaching for personlig livsstilsstÞtte i sanntid ved bruk av informasjons- og kommunikasjonsteknologi. Utfordringen er Ä designe, utvikle og teknisk evaluere en prototyp av en intelligent eCoach som automatisk genererer personlige og evidensbaserte anbefalinger til en bedre livsstil. Den utviklede lÞsningen er fokusert pÄ forbedring av fysisk aktivitet. Prototypen bruker bÊrbare medisinske aktivitetssensorer. De innsamlede data blir semantisk representert og kunstig intelligente algoritmer genererer automatisk meningsfulle, personlige og kontekstbaserte anbefalinger for mindre stillesittende tid. Oppgaven bruker den veletablerte designvitenskapelige forskningsmetodikken for Ä utvikle teoretiske grunnlag og praktiske implementeringer. Samlet sett fokuserer denne forskningen pÄ teknologisk verifisering snarere enn klinisk evaluering.publishedVersio
Workshop Proceedings of the 12th edition of the KONVENS conference
The 2014 issue of KONVENS is even more a forum for exchange: its main topic is the interaction between Computational Linguistics and Information Science, and the synergies such interaction, cooperation and integrated views can produce. This topic at the crossroads of different research traditions which deal with natural language as a container of knowledge, and with methods to extract and manage knowledge that is linguistically represented is close to the heart of many researchers at the Institut fĂŒr Informationswissenschaft und Sprachtechnologie of UniversitĂ€t Hildesheim: it has long been one of the instituteâs research topics, and it has received even more attention over the last few years
Measuring the impact of COVID-19 on hospital care pathways
Care pathways in hospitals around the world reported significant disruption during the recent COVID-19 pandemic but measuring the actual impact is more problematic. Process mining can be useful for hospital management to measure the conformance of real-life care to what might be considered normal operations. In this study, we aim to demonstrate that process mining can be used to investigate process changes associated with complex disruptive events. We studied perturbations to accident and emergency (A &E) and maternity pathways in a UK public hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. Co-incidentally the hospital had implemented a Command Centre approach for patient-flow management affording an opportunity to study both the planned improvement and the disruption due to the pandemic. Our study proposes and demonstrates a method for measuring and investigating the impact of such planned and unplanned disruptions affecting hospital care pathways. We found that during the pandemic, both A &E and maternity pathways had measurable reductions in the mean length of stay and a measurable drop in the percentage of pathways conforming to normative models. There were no distinctive patterns of monthly mean values of length of stay nor conformance throughout the phases of the installation of the hospitalâs new Command Centre approach. Due to a deficit in the available A &E data, the findings for A &E pathways could not be interpreted
Developmental Bootstrapping of AIs
Although some current AIs surpass human abilities in closed artificial worlds
such as board games, their abilities in the real world are limited. They make
strange mistakes and do not notice them. They cannot be instructed easily, fail
to use common sense, and lack curiosity. They do not make good collaborators.
Mainstream approaches for creating AIs are the traditional manually-constructed
symbolic AI approach and generative and deep learning AI approaches including
large language models (LLMs). These systems are not well suited for creating
robust and trustworthy AIs. Although it is outside of the mainstream, the
developmental bootstrapping approach has more potential. In developmental
bootstrapping, AIs develop competences like human children do. They start with
innate competences. They interact with the environment and learn from their
interactions. They incrementally extend their innate competences with
self-developed competences. They interact and learn from people and establish
perceptual, cognitive, and common grounding. They acquire the competences they
need through bootstrapping. However, developmental robotics has not yet
produced AIs with robust adult-level competences. Projects have typically
stopped at the Toddler Barrier corresponding to human infant development at
about two years of age, before their speech is fluent. They also do not bridge
the Reading Barrier, to skillfully and skeptically draw on the socially
developed information resources that power current LLMs. The next competences
in human cognitive development involve intrinsic motivation, imitation
learning, imagination, coordination, and communication. This position paper
lays out the logic, prospects, gaps, and challenges for extending the practice
of developmental bootstrapping to acquire further competences and create
robust, resilient, and human-compatible AIs.Comment: 102 pages, 29 figure
Ideologia della âpropagandaâ e propaganda âdelle ideologieâ. Critica del paradigma psico-sociologico e proposte semiotiche per lo studio della âcomunicazione politicaâ
La tesi si compone di tre capitoli: nel primo si svolge una critica storico-concettuale al paradigma dominante tramite cui Ăš pensato il rapporto tra comunicazione, politica e democrazia, mentre nel secondo e nel terzo si inquadrano questi stessi processi a partire dalla riflessione semiotica di matrice linguistico-strutturale. In questo contesto si mette a punto l'idea di "ideologia" come "codice semiotico" e si discute la possibilitĂ di applicarlo allo studio empirico sistematico della comunicazione politica
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