Metafore za očaj u hrvatskome: korpusna analiza

This study examines the role of metaphor in the conceptualization of očaj ‘despair’ based on the Croatian corpus hrWaC. The study also considers some non-figurative aspects. Employing “metaphorical pattern analysis” (Stefanowitsch 2006) and MIP (Pragglejaz Group 2007) methods, the paper scrutinizes corpus examples that contain the target-domain word očaj ‘despair’, looking for metaphorical patterns. These patterns were extracted from a random sample of 1,000 citations and additional corpus citations that were retrieved based on a list of collocation candidates. The analysis shows that the metaphorical conceptualization of očaj ‘despair’ in Croatian in the data examined relates to approximately forty source domains, out of which the most frequently utilized is CONTAINER, followed by OBJECT. The source domains identified in the conceptualization of očaj illustrate similarities between the metaphors for očaj in Croatian and those identified for sadness and depression in various languages, and point toward universal features of metaphorical conceptualization of some emotions and emotional states.Rad ispituje ulogu metafora u konceptualizaciji očaja u hrvatskome jeziku. Analiza je utemeljena na korpusu hrWaC te se osvrće i na neke nefigurativne aspekte. Na analizu korpusnih primjera primijenjena je metoda razrađena u Stefanowitsch (2006), metaphorical pattern analysis, a kod identifikacije metafora korištena je MIP-metoda (Pragglejaz Group 2007). U fokusu je studije 1000 korpusnih primjera koji sadrže riječ očaj, a dobiveni su opcijom random sample. U tim su primjerima primjenom navedenih metoda identificirani izrazi koji upućuju na metaforičku konceptualizaciju očaja. Neki su dodatni izrazi dobiveni na temelju podataka s popisa kolokacijskih kandidata. Analiza pokazuje da se u metaforičkoj konceptualizaciji očaja u hrvatskome u analiziranom materijalu pojavljuje oko 40 izvornih domena od kojih je najčešća SPREMNIK, a slijedi OBJEKT. Izvorne domene koje se pojavljuju u konceptualizaciji pokazuju da su metafore relevantne za koncept očaja u hrvatskome slične metaforama koje su identificirane u konceptualizaciji tuge i depresije u drugim jezicima. Rezultati ove studije ukazuju na povezanost tih triju koncepata kako unutar istog jezika, tako i u komparativnoj perspektivi, te na univerzalne aspekte metaforičke konceptualizacije nekih emocija i stanja

A Map to Locate COLD HEART of Chinese and English

The “physical heart” of people around the world is very similar, and this would result in the universality of metaphorical thinking, but the conceptualization of a “mental heart” can differ cross-culturally. This study contributes to the issue of universality vs. intercultural variability of conceptualizations regarding abstract concepts within the framework of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT). Cold heart-related metaphors were analyzed via qualitative and quantitative analysis of data collected from two authoritative corpora—Center for Chinese Linguistics (CCL) and Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). Results reveal that the universal bodily experience accounts for the shared source domain for a cold heart metaphor. However, the shared metaphor heart is temperature displays variations in detail. To construe cold heart-related metaphors in Chinese, we should mainly take a “patient view” to investigate the response from others which indicates the passiveness and less pronounced ego-centrality, while an “agent view” is generally adopted to study “cold heart” in English that focuses on the apathy to others which means that a human’s own initiated mind or attitude is the locus. These findings suggest that cultural variance in individualism vs. collectivism motivates different conceptualizations of cold heart

Macro-and Micro-Expressions Facial Datasets: A Survey

Automatic facial expression recognition is essential for many potential applications. Thus, having a clear overview on existing datasets that have been investigated within the framework of face expression recognition is of paramount importance in designing and evaluating effective solutions, notably for neural networks-based training. In this survey, we provide a review of more than eighty facial expression datasets, while taking into account both macro-and micro-expressions. The proposed study is mostly focused on spontaneous and in-the-wild datasets, given the common trend in the research is that of considering contexts where expressions are shown in a spontaneous way and in a real context. We have also provided instances of potential applications of the investigated datasets, while putting into evidence their pros and cons. The proposed survey can help researchers to have a better understanding of the characteristics of the existing datasets, thus facilitating the choice of the data that best suits the particular context of their application

Emotions, Morality, and Cognition: The Unprecedented Scope of the Concept of the Heart in Amharic

This study sheds light on the unique conceptualization of the heart in Amharic, based on dictionary data, corpus data, and a self-collected corpus of text excerpts. What stands out is the unusually vast scope of the concept, which embraces not only emotions, character and morality, but also cognition, and, to some extent, rationality. Thus, the noun ləbb can, depending on the context, be translated into English as ‘mind’, ‘good sense’, or even ‘reason’. The broad scope of the concept is even better seen in light of the derivatives of the word ləbb, most notably the noun ləbbuna / ləbbona, connected with psyche, reason, and the sense of right and wrong, as well as the adjectives ləbbam and ləbbeñña, meaning ‘intelligent, attentive’. The uniqueness of the Amharic worldview is also reflected in the conceptualizations underlying the single idiomatic phrases formed with the noun ləbb, as well as the connection it has to the other parts of the Amharic worldview. Particularly worth highlighting here is the figure of God, around whom the whole Amharic worldview revolves, as well as the concept of aʾǝməro ‘mind’, which does not introduce the same stark opposition between the mind and the heart as the one known from European languages and discourses

Translation of metaphors in environmental discourse : descriptive-contrastive analysis of English, Spanish and Korean

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Filología, leída el 12-01-2022Aunque la investigación sobre metáforas y traducción de metáforas se ha centrado principalmente en el lenguaje literario durante gran parte de la historia, existen otros ámbitos, como el del discurso ambiental, en el que la traducción de metáforas es el problema más importante que se le plantea al traductor profesional (Newmark, 1988). Si tenemos en cuenta que el discurso ambiental representa una de las preocupaciones educativas más acuciantes del mundo globalizado, hemos de pensar que los traductores juegan un papel esencial a la hora de trasladar las metáforas encontradas en el texto de origen al texto de destino; y por tanto hasta al público que es objeto del mencionado discurso, como son los lectores jóvenes. Esta tesis pretende examinar de manera comparativa y contrastiva las metáforas lingüísticas utilizadas en la revista juvenil de divulgación científica llamada Tunza que publica el Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente, a través de un corpus paralelo unidireccional y multilingüe de textos escritos. Los idiomas involucrados son el inglés, que actúa como lengua de origen, junto con el español y el coreano, seleccionadas como lenguas de destino...Although research on metaphor and metaphor translation has focused primarily onliterary language for much of its history, there are other areas, such as environmentaldiscourse, in which metaphor translation poses the most important particular problem even to skilled translators (Newmark, 1988). Environmental discourse represents one of the most pressing educational concerns in the globalized world in which translators play an essential role in transferring the metaphors of the source texts to the minds of young target readers. This dissertation intends to comparatively and contrastively examine linguistic metaphors as used in a popular science youth magazine called Tunza published by the United Nations Environment Program through a multilingual unidirectional parallel corpus of written texts. The languages implied are English, acting as a source language, together with Spanish and Korean as target languages...Fac. de FilologíaTRUEunpu

Emotions between physicality and acceptability. A Contrast of the German Anger Words Wut and Zorn

In this paper, a corpus-based approach is used in order to provide an in-depth analysis of two German emotion words (Wut and Zorn) that roughly correspond to the English lexical unit anger, establishing their similarities and differences on different levels of meaning. For the corpus study, data from two very large corpora of contemporary German texts (fiction, non-fiction, scientific and newspaper) are used, DWDS (Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache des 20. Jhs.) and the collocation database CCDB, through which collocation profiles extracted from the German Reference Corpus (DeReKo). As a first step, the metaphorical and metonymical conceptualizations of both items are analysed and compared. Other aspects that are relevant for the description of these emotions and can be described by means of co-occurrence analysis are their conceptual proximity to other emotion words and the way they are described or evaluated (their semantic prosody). In a third step, looking at the semantic subsets the co-occurrences belong to from the point of view of syntagmatic relations between the emotion concept and its surroundings in the text (semantic preference), information can be extracted about causes of anger, about its consequences and about who experiences it. The results show that, taking both words together, the metaphorical conceptualization of the concept of anger proves to be very similar to that which has been described for other Western languages like English or Spanish. Going into more detail, however, the corpus analysis allows us to explore how each word specializes in certain aspects of the emotion and to corroborate, contradict or complement previous studies on this

Can humain association norm evaluate latent semantic analysis?

This paper presents the comparison of word association norm created by a psycholinguistic experiment to association lists generated by algorithms operating on text corpora. We compare lists generated by Church and Hanks algorithm and lists generated by LSA algorithm. An argument is presented on how those automatically generated lists reflect real semantic relations

Words of Experience: Semantic Content Analysis and Individual Differences among Successful Second Language Learners

Individual differences (IDs) in second language (L2) learning have traditionally been studied as separate, isolated variables (Dörnyei, 2005), but this reductionist approach has led to a fragmented and inconclusive understanding of how IDs influence L2 learning. The present study takes a different approach to IDs by starting at the level of L2 learning experience and identifying the most basic differences between learners. To do this, a new L2 experience methodology is introduced. Participants are 123 matriculated non-native English speaking students at two urban universities in the South. First, learners were interviewed following a strict interview protocol which ensured that all learners received the same input in the same setting. Next, the interviews were analyzed using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software (Pennebaker, Booth, & Francis, 2007), which provides quantitative output showing the types and frequency of psychosocial words each learner produced. These psychosocial semantic categories then formed the basis of a cluster analysis that identified groups of learners who use similar semantic categories. Learners who tend to use similar psychosocial words to describe their L2 learning experience are assumed to share a similar approach to L2 learning and are grouped together into L2 learning profiles. Results show that these participants can be grouped into three types of successful L2 experiences: Doing, Thinking, and Feeling. An ANOVA and follow-up ad hoc statistical tests reveal significant differences in admissions TOEFL scores among these groups of students, suggesting that learners who describe their L2 experience differently do in fact show significant differential performance. Qualitative analysis of interview transcripts further suggests that the influence of family plays an important role in differential TOEFL scores, and that L2 learning experience may change in important ways over time. Based on the results of the study, a L2 Experience Model of Individual and Social Differences is proposed that accounts for life importance, effort, ability, and L2 experience. Implications of this new methodology and model are discussed, along with suggestions for future research, teaching, and L2 learning