2 research outputs found

    Objective and subjective assessment of perceptual factors in HDR content processing

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    The development of the display and camera technology makes high dynamic range (HDR) image become more and more popular. High dynamic range image give us pleasant image which has more details that makes high dynamic range image has good quality. This paper shows us the some important techniques in HDR images. And it also presents the work the author did. The paper is formed of three parts. The first part is an introduction of HDR image. From this part we can know why HDR image has good quality

    A Study of Image Stylization Algorithms for High Dynamic Range Images

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    學者Winnemöller提出一個影像抽象化演算法,此法可將影像作抽象處理,讓觀賞者容易的了解影像所表達之含意,達到視覺傳達的目的。然而,該演算法有兩點缺失:其一,在影像抽象化過程中,由於過度簡化影像資訊,使得結果影像失去了原有影像中物件間的層次感、以及原輸入影像之亮度分佈。其二,此演算法僅能適用於低動態範圍影像,無法順利運作於能儲存更多影像資訊的高動態範圍影像。本文針對上述缺失提出一個可適用於高動態範圍影像的風格化演算法。我們的演算法架構簡單,能有效地將高動態範圍影像進行風格化處理,並且保留輸入影像中物件間的層次感、及輸入影像的亮度分佈。另外,我們也增加了材質紋理結合技術,讓結果影像增添多元化之風格,而且還可以由使用者自行決定合成權重值,以產生符合個人喜好的風格化結果。最後,我們的演算法具有相當的彈性,能有效同時支援高動態與低動態範圍影像之風格化處理。 我們提出一個高動態範圍影像偽裝演算法,結合風格化技術與資訊隱藏技術。藉此演算法,當我們對高動態範圍影像做風格化處理的同時,也將秘密訊息嵌入其中。因此影像處理完成後,輸出一張具有風格化之高動態範圍影像,而此影像為已嵌入秘密訊息的偽裝影像。利用該方式能掩人耳目,增加秘密通訊之安全性,充分達到偽裝欺敵的效果。我們的演算法具下列優點:在多種格式相轉換後,仍可有效正確擷取資料;安全性高,非法使用者較無從比較差異,也不易起疑;變異量小,有嵌入訊息與無嵌入訊息之風格化影像相比較,其均方根誤差值(RMSE)十分微小,以致於人眼視覺系統不易察覺;簡單且具獨立性;資訊嵌入速度快;具可回復性,擷取資訊後,可將影像回復至未嵌入訊息之風格化影像。 本文主要貢獻為針對新的高動態範圍影像所提出二個演算法,能有效風格化高動態範圍影像,並利用高動態範圍風格化影像達到偽裝欺敵之目的。就我們所知,這兩個演算法都是文獻上的首創,經實驗證實兩個演算法具體可行。Winnemöller et al. presented an image abstraction algorithm [Winn2006]. Unfortunately, their work suffers from two drawbacks. First, the depth gradations between near and far objects become obscure, and luminance distributed on the input image are altered after the image abstraction. Second, the input image is restricted to the ordinary low dynamic range images (LDRI). This ignores the fact that high dynamic range images (HDRI) capture more details of the scenes, enabling to convey important information perceived by the human visual system. In the first study of this thesis, we propose a novel stylization algorithm for high dynamic range images. Our algorithm is simple yet efficient to preserve the gradations between objects and lighting distributions in the input image. Furthermore, we also simulated texture of reference image and adding diversification style. To the best of our knowledge, our algorithm is the first that can support the stylization of both low dynamic and high dynamic range images. Experimental results verify the feasibility of our algorithm. In the second study of this thesis, we combine the data hiding technique with our stylization algorithm. In particular, we present a steganographic algorithm for high dynamic range images. Dissimilar to conventional approaches, we embed the secret message during the image abstraction process. Once the process is completed, a stego HDR image is produced, which contains not only the stylization results but also the embedded secret data. This stego image is perceived as a processed HDR image with visually plausible esthetic appearance. As a result, it is not likely to arouse an eavesdropper's suspicion. To the best of our knowledge, this approach is novel in the literature of the HDRI steganography. Our algorithm belongs to the blind scheme, where the secret message can be extracted without the cover HDR image. The algorithm contains six advantages, including correctness, high security, low distortion, simplicity, efficiency, and reversibility. The major contribution of our work is presenting a novel stylization algorithm and a steganographic algorithm for high dynamic range images. Experimental results verify the feasibility of our algorithms.致 謝 ……………………………………………………………………… i 中 文 摘 要 ……………………………………………………………… ii 英 文 摘 要 ……………………………………………………………… iii 目 次 ……………………………………………………………………… iv 圖 目 次 …………………………………………………………………… vii 表 目 次 …………………………………………………………………… x 一、緒 論 …………………………………………………………………… 1 1.1 研究動機與目的 …………………………………………………… 1 1.2 論文架構 …………………………………………………………… 8 二、相關研究探討 ………………………………………………………… 9 2.1高動態範圍影像之相關背景 ……………………………………… 9 2.1.1高動態範圍影像特性 ………………………………………… 9 2.1.2 高動態範圍影像的分類 ……………………………………… 11 2.1.3高動態範圍影像的格式與轉換 ……………………………… 12 2.2低動態範圍影像抽象化技術 ……………………………………… 15 2.3資訊隱藏技術 ……………………………………………………… 17 三、高動態範圍影像風格化演算法 ……………………………………… 20 3.1演算法流程 ………………………………………………………… 20 3.2 影像風格化技術 …………………………………………………… 22 3.2.1 影像明視度的縮放與重建 …………………………………… 22 3.2.2 影像抽象化處理 ……………………………………………… 24 3.2.3 影像明視度量化 ……………………………………………… 30 3.2.4 影像邊緣偵測 ………………………………………………… 38 3.2.4.1 偵測邊緣資訊 ………………………………………… 38 3.2.4.2 邊緣資訊之彩色化 …………………………………… 39 3.2.5 基於模糊關係的自動影像合成 ……………………………… 40 3.3材質紋理結合 ……………………………………………………… 45 3.4 實驗結果展示 ……………………………………………………… 49 3.4.1 實驗環境 ……………………………………………………… 49 3.4.2 實驗結果分析 ………………………………………………… 49 3.5 小結 ………………………………………………………………… 56 四、高動態範圍影像風格化之資訊偽裝技術 …………………………… 57 4.1演算法規劃與設計概念 …………………………………………… 57 4.2演算法流程 ………………………………………………………… 58 4.3資訊嵌入 …………………………………………………………… 59 4.4資訊擷取 …………………………………………………………… 60 4.5結果分析 …………………………………………………… 62 4.6小結 ………………………………………………………………… 69 五、結論與未來工作 ……………………………………………………… 70 5.1總結 ………………………………………………………………… 70 5.2未來工作 …………………………………………………………… 72 參考文獻 …………………………………………………………………… 73 中英對照表 ………………………………………………………………… 81 英中對照表 ………………………………………………………………… 83 附錄A ……………………………………………………………………… 8
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