484 research outputs found
6 Access Methods and Query Processing Techniques
The performance of a database management system (DBMS) is fundamentally dependent on the access methods and query processing techniques available to the system. Traditionally, relational DBMSs have relied on well-known access methods, such as the ubiquitous B +-tree, hashing with chaining, and, in som
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Mobile Audiovisual Terminal: System Design and Subjective Testing in DECT and UMTS networks
It is anticipated that there will shortly be a requirement
for multimedia terminals that operate via mobile
communications systems. This paper presents a functional specification
for such a terminal operating at 32 kb/s in a digital
European cordless telecommunications (DECT) and universal
mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) radio network. A terminal
has been built, based on a PC with digital signal processor
(DSP) boards for audio and video coding and decoding. Speech
coding is by a phonetically driven code-excited linear prediction
(CELP) speech coder and video coding by a block-oriented hybrid
discrete cosine transform (DCT) coder. Separate channel coding
is provided for the audio and video data. The paper describes the
techniques used for audio and video coding, channel coding, and
synchronization. Methods of subjective testing in a DECT network
and in a UMTS network are also described. These consisted of
subjective tests of first impressions of the mobile audio–visual
terminal (MAVT) quality, interactive tests, and the completion
of an exit questionnaire. The test results showed that the quality
of the audio was sufficiently good for comprehension and the
video was sufficiently good for following and repeating simple
mechanical tasks. However, the quality of the MAVT was not
good enough for general use where high-quality audio and video
was needed, especially when transmission was in a noisy radio
environment
Geographic Information Systems: The Developer\u27s Perspective
Geographic information systems, which manage data describing the surface of the earth, are becoming increasingly popular. This research details the current state of the art of geographic data processing in terms of the needs of the geographic information system developer. The research focuses chiefly on the geographic data model--the basic building block of the geographic information system. The two most popular models, tessellation and vector, are studied in detail, as well as a number of hybrid data models.
In addition, geographic database management is discussed in terms of geographic data access and query processing. Finally, a pragmatic discussion of geographic information system design is presented covering such topics as distributed database considerations and artificial intelligence considerations
Extending General Compact Querieable Representations to GIS Applications
The raster model is commonly used for the representation of images in many
domains, and is especially useful in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to
store information about continuous variables of the space (elevation,
temperature, etc.). Current representations of raster data are usually designed
for external memory or, when stored in main memory, lack efficient query
capabilities. In this paper we propose compact representations to efficiently
store and query raster datasets in main memory. We present different
representations for binary raster data, general raster data and time-evolving
raster data. We experimentally compare our proposals with traditional storage
mechanisms such as linear quadtrees or compressed GeoTIFF files. Results show
that our structures are up to 10 times smaller than classical linear quadtrees,
and even comparable in space to non-querieable representations of raster data,
while efficiently answering a number of typical queries.Comment: This research has received funding from the European Union's Horizon
2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie
Actions H2020-MSCA-RISE-2015 BIRDS GA No. 690941
Data compression techniques applied to high resolution high frame rate video technology
An investigation is presented of video data compression applied to microgravity space experiments using High Resolution High Frame Rate Video Technology (HHVT). An extensive survey of methods of video data compression, described in the open literature, was conducted. The survey examines compression methods employing digital computing. The results of the survey are presented. They include a description of each method and assessment of image degradation and video data parameters. An assessment is made of present and near term future technology for implementation of video data compression in high speed imaging system. Results of the assessment are discussed and summarized. The results of a study of a baseline HHVT video system, and approaches for implementation of video data compression, are presented. Case studies of three microgravity experiments are presented and specific compression techniques and implementations are recommended
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Vector Signal Processors in Data Compression and Image Processing
The objective is to evaluate the applicability of the Vector Signal Processor to real time signal processing for data compression or manipulation. Particular emphasis has been placed on its role as a co-processor and the contribution that it might be expected to make during joint activities with the host.
These activities would have the combination used as the embedded computing subsystem of a FAX machine or as an image processing unit in desk top publishing. In these cases the hypothesis is that the Vector Signal Processor would act as an accelerator for many computationally intensive applicable processes.
After a review of current data compression techniques and of specialised architectures which may also be appropriate it is concluded that the Vector Signal Processor is the best option available. The operational details are then discussed. In order to be able to approximately compare experimental results with other workers a benchmarking exercise is undertaken.
Following this is the core of the study which details schemes for data compression of data sources involving character symbols, line drawings, and grey scale pictures. This involves pattern matching and substitution,Transform coding and quadtrees.
New encoding procedures are suggested based on Morse code for the secondary encoding of symbols and on Delta modulation for quadtrees. Image entity manipulation is discussed followed by some speculative work on neural networks and error control coding.
It is concluded that some processes are well served by the Vector Signal Processor but that the lack of conditional decision making and the difficulty of performing certain arithmetic functions make the processor unwieldy in its necessary host interactions
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