It\u27s About Time! GDM: A Transformative Postpartum Process. A Constructivist Grounded Theory Study

Abstract Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance with onset or first diagnosis during pregnancy, and affects 3.7%-18% of Canadian women (Canadian Diabetes Association, 2013). Social support can help women with a history of GDM be successful in achieving optimal health postpartum. The purpose of this constructivist grounded theory (GT) study (Charmaz, 2011) was twofold: (1) To explore the social support processes of women with a history of GDM as they navigate through the healthcare system postpartum, to restore and maintain their health, and (2) To critically examine facilitating factors and barriers to engaging in health behaviours within the context of the individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and political environments in which the women live. A total of 29 postpartum women with history of GDM participated in this study. In line with constructivist GT methodology data from semi-structured interviews and documents were simultaneously collected and analyzed using the constant comparative method. N-Vivo qualitative software was used to assist with data analysis. Time, social support, individual characteristics, extrinsic variables and barriers & facilitators to engaging in healthy behaviours were the main concepts identified. A model was developed titled It’s About Time! GDM: A Transformative Postpartum Process. Three themes were identified: Dealing with a GDM Diagnosis, Adjusting to Life without Diabetes While Maintaining or Restoring Health and, Reconciling a New Normal. The results from this study were used to guide interventions on the provision of social support to postpartum women targeting various levels of influence to support health promotion and type-2 diabetes prevention

Misconceptions in chemistry : a comparative study of Samoa and New Zealand high schools to identify their different origins and approaches to eliminate and correct them : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Education at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

The report describes a comparative study of students' misconceptions. It does so by investigating year 13 students' conceptual understanding of the structure bonding and related properties of diamond and graphite. The aims of the case study are to elicit, identify, and compare the different origins and develop appropriate strategies to promote correct conceptual understanding of chemistry concepts. The study involved sixty students, and three chemistry teachers from two different schools; one from Palmerston North, New Zealand and the other from Apia, Samoa. Open-ended question strategy was used to elicit the students' misconceptions, followed by interview and classroom observations of a sample of students. Analyses of the responses to the open question, interviews, students' artifacts and classroom observations, revealed the origins of the students' misconceptions about the structure, bonding and related properties of diamond and graphite

The C++0x "Concepts" Effort

C++0x is the working title for the revision of the ISO standard of the C++ programming language that was originally planned for release in 2009 but that was delayed to 2011. The largest language extension in C++0x was "concepts", that is, a collection of features for constraining template parameters. In September of 2008, the C++ standards committee voted the concepts extension into C++0x, but then in July of 2009, the committee voted the concepts extension back out of C++0x. This article is my account of the technical challenges and debates within the "concepts" effort in the years 2003 to 2009. To provide some background, the article also describes the design space for constrained parametric polymorphism, or what is colloquially know as constrained generics. While this article is meant to be generally accessible, the writing is aimed toward readers with background in functional programming and programming language theory. This article grew out of a lecture at the Spring School on Generic and Indexed Programming at the University of Oxford, March 2010

FVQA: Fact-based Visual Question Answering

Visual Question Answering (VQA) has attracted a lot of attention in both Computer Vision and Natural Language Processing communities, not least because it offers insight into the relationships between two important sources of information. Current datasets, and the models built upon them, have focused on questions which are answerable by direct analysis of the question and image alone. The set of such questions that require no external information to answer is interesting, but very limited. It excludes questions which require common sense, or basic factual knowledge to answer, for example. Here we introduce FVQA, a VQA dataset which requires, and supports, much deeper reasoning. FVQA only contains questions which require external information to answer. We thus extend a conventional visual question answering dataset, which contains image-question-answerg triplets, through additional image-question-answer-supporting fact tuples. The supporting fact is represented as a structural triplet, such as . We evaluate several baseline models on the FVQA dataset, and describe a novel model which is capable of reasoning about an image on the basis of supporting facts.Comment: 16 page

Building theories from case study research: the progressive case study

Meredith (1998) argues for more case and field research studies in the field of operations\ud management. Based on a literature review, we discuss several existing approaches to case\ud studies and their characteristics. These approaches include; the Grounded Theory approach\ud which proposes no prior literature review in the substantive area under study (Glaser, 1992:\ud 31) versus Eisenhardt (1989) and Yin (1994) who propose a more directed study with a priori\ud constructs. We then propose an alternative approach which we call the progressive case\ud study. This approach combines strengths of both approaches such as the informative aspect of\ud Grounded Theory and a more plan able approach such as Yin and Eisenhardt propose. We\ud also describe that case studies are not simply a set of interviews and provide examples on the\ud amount of data that might be collected in a detailed case study. Furthermore, we provide\ud direction for analyzing qualitative data in cases