5,677 research outputs found
Mobile Phone:The Past,The Present and The Future
Since the introduction of cellular analogue phone in 1985 (first generation mobile phone),
there has been a continuous improvement from the first generation to digital secondgeneration
to 2.5 generation and now the third-generation. The ground is also being
prepared for the fourth-generation mobile phone. Mobile technology has transformed our
lives in ways that might have seemed unimaginable some years ago and yet we are still
witnessing more transformations and many more are yet to come. This paper examines the
concept of cellular communication, the development of mobile phones, the features in the
past, the current trends and what to the future holds in general and specifically for Nigeria.
The cost implications of the various generations over the previous ones to the end users are
also discusse
On the variable capacity property of CC/DS-CDMA systems
A complete complementary code based direct sequence code
division multiple access (CC/DS-CDMA) system has been proposed recently
as a potential candidate for beyond third generation (B3G) wireless
communications. This paper addresses the issues that design of efficient
code assignment schemes should be based on a flexible physical layer
support, which is extremely important for emerging cross-layer designs
in future wireless applications. The study in this paper considers a
CC/DS-CDMA system with multiple time slots, three traffic classes and
two dynamic code-flock assignment schemes, namely random assignment
(RA) and compact assignment (CA). Simulation results show that the
CC/DS-CDMA system has variable capacity property (VCP), which is
sensitively affected by different code-flock assignment schemes. In general,
CA can offer lower blocking probability, whereas RA can offer a larger
mean system capacity and higher throughput when offered traffic is heavy
WCDMA in Malaysia
Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) A 3G highspeed digital data service provided by cellular carriers that use the time division multiplexing (TDMA) or GSM technology worldwide, including AT&T (formerly Cingular) and T-Mobile in the U.S. WCDMA works on WCDMA cell phones as well as laptops and portable devices with WCDMA modems [1]. Users have typically experienced downstream data rates up to 400 Kbps [1]. WCDMA has been used in the Japanese Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access (FOMA) system and in the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); a third generation follow-on to the 2G GSM networks deployed worldwide [1]. Although TDMA and GSM carriers both use TDMA modulation, WCDMA stems from CDMA. Part of the 3GPP initiative, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) refers to WCDMA as the Direct Sequence (DS) interface within the IMT-2000 global 3G standards [1]
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