Investigating the relationship between sugar and ethanol industries and analyzing the impacts (if any) of ethanol production on the sugar industry in UK and Pakistan.

The sugar industry is important to economies; however, health concerns are emerging as a threat in developed countries. The sugar industry can benefit from biofuel, particularly bioethanol. The sugar – fuel relationship and the reverse relation particularly the possible effects of ethanol production on the sugar industry has not been analysed. This study sought to delve deeper into this investigation by comparing the factors influencing sugar production and the effects of ethanol in the United Kingdom and Pakistan. This study is unique in that it examines both an industrial and an agricultural country that are constantly involved in sugar and ethanol production and trade. Since the data collected is ordinal, qualitative, and quantitative, data analysis will use a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. This research study considers the use of primary, secondary, and official sources. A semi-structured questionnaire was used in this study. The survey questions were designed to be open-ended, allowing respondents to express themselves freely. The model was created to perform multiple analyses, such as SWOT analysis, demand and supply analysis, pestle analysis, thematic analysis, technoeconomic analysis, and future scenario analysis, to better understand the factors influencing sugar production in Pakistan and the United Kingdom, as well as to assess the potential impact of ethanol on the sugar industry. According to the findings of this study, several factors influence the sugar industry in Pakistan. Such as a lack of government policy to align prices, control surplus sugar, subsidies export sugar to align with the international sugar price, and a lack of yield in the available variety due to a lack of interest in research for better sugar cane varieties with higher sugar yields, as well as farmer awareness of the crop and transportation. There are several factors affecting the sugar industry in the United Kingdom, including a lack of quotas, being bound by the EU, only being able to buy from certain countries, and paying high taxes on imported sugar. In Pakistan, ethanol is made from molasses, which is a by-product of the sugar industry, whereas sugar is made from sugar cane juice. The study concludes that the impact of molasses- based ethanol production in Pakistan has a positive impact on the sugar industry by creating a lucrative and profitable market for cane growers, sugar industry owners and investors. In the United Kingdom, ethanol is produced from sugar beet (5%) and feed grade wheat (95%). More ethanol produced in the UK from sugar beets will have a negative impact on the sugar industry, reducing sugar production. Because it is a different crop, feed grade wheat or grains for ethanol will have no impact on the sugar industry. The consequences differ for both countries due to a variety of factors. The factors include ethanol and sugar sector production technologies, government policies, the legal framework, and the socioeconomic and environmental environment