198 research outputs found

    ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์˜ ๋Œ€๋‘(Soybean)

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    ๊ตด๋Ÿฌ์˜จ ๋Œ์ด ๋ฐ•ํžŒ ๋Œ์„ ๋นผ๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ ๋†์—…์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋‘๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ํ•˜ ๋Š” ๋ง์ด๋‹ค. ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋‘๋Š” ๋น„๋ก ์žฌ๋ฐฐ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์งง์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌํƒ•์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜, ์„คํƒ•, ์ปคํ”ผ, ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฉ”์ด์ €๊ธ‰ ๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ๋น  ๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฝฉ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‘(soybean)๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์›์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ž‘์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜ ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์‰ฌ์›Œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์•„(้ฃข้ค“)๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ•  ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Œ€๋‘๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋‘ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„, ์ฆ‰ ๋Œ€๋‘์œ (soybean oil)๋Š” ๋งˆ๊ฐ€๋ฆฐ, ์‡ผํŠธ ๋‹, ์‹๋ฌผ์„ฑ ์น˜์ฆˆ์— ์“ฐ์ธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํŽ˜์ธํŠธ, ์ ‘์ฐฉ์ œ, ๋น„๋ฃŒ, ์˜ท๊ฐ์˜ ๊ด‘ํƒ์ œ, ๋งˆ๋ฃป๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์˜ ์†์ง€, ์†Œํ™”๊ธฐ ์šฉ์•ก ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ž„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๊ถ๋ฌด์ง„ ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋‘๊ฐ€๋ฃจ์ธ ๋Œ€๋‘๋ฐ•(soy meal)์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹ํ’ˆ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€์šฉํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.1) ํŠนํžˆ ๋Œ€๋‘๋ฐ•์€ ์–‘๊ณ„, ์–‘๋ˆ ๋ฐ ์œก์šฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ์›๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ด‘์šฐ๋ณ‘ ์„ ์šฐ๋ คํ•ด ๊ฐ€์ถ•์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ฑ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋Œ€์‹  ๋Œ€๋‘๋ฐ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์‹๋ฌผ ์„ฑ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ด ๊ฐ๊ด‘ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋Œ€๋‘์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์€ ๋”์šฑ ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ ๋‹ค

    ํˆผ๋ฒ ์Šค์˜ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ™” - ํŽ˜๋ฃจ์˜ ํˆผ๋ฒ ์Šค ์—ฌํ–‰(2)

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    A Study on the Performance of Ship Investment Companies in Korea

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    The shipping industry is highly capital intensive because of the price of the ships is very high, thus requiring substantial amount of capital investment. It is also a sector where international competition is very fierce. The shipping industry requires large scale of capital commitment. On the other it is very stable and ships which are assets secured by financed capital are characterized by high level of marketability. Accordingly financing funds from others is easy and actually level of dependence upon other's capital is relatively high. For this reason, for the operation of the shipping industry which is capital intensive, securing capital is the most essential factor. Accordingly in order to maintain the shipping industry and pursue continuous growth, it is necessary not only to satisfy the desire of shippers in a changing business environment, but also required to heighten competitiveness among shipping firms. To this end securing funds is considered essential more than anything else. Ship Investment Company Law has introduced systems of mutual funds dedicated to ships as seen in advanced maritime transportation such as the K/G Fund of Germany and the K/S Fund of Norway. With the introduction of this system if ship investment funds are revitalized through direct participation by ordinary investors then it will be possible to transform the shipping industry from a private industry dominated by certain individuals to a public industry which is participated and monitored by people. The Ship Investment Company System in our country will invigorate shipping finance of domestic shipping companies which sustained reduction of aggregateness tonnage since the foreign exchange crisis in 1997. It will become a foundation for our country as we move the forward as a center for shipping finance in Northeast Asia in the 21st century. Additionally it will work as a catalyst for transforming the shipping industry from a technology and capital intensive industry to a knowledge and information oriented industry. With such facts, we attempted to analyse the results of investments by individual ship investment companies in our country which are operating under ship investment company systems recently. Through this study it will be possible to find out the status of investments by ship investment companies in the shipping finance field through looking at the overall status of operations and transaction of such companies and by examining there structure, contents of specific financing of fund, firms targeted for such investments and there rate of dividend profitability. Based on such status of the investment we carried out analysis of investment result of ship investment company by means of Market Adjusted Rate of Return Method for measurement of short-term record since the date of listing of individual ship investment company incorporated in our country. This kind of study is believed to be helpful not only in finding out achievements of the shipping investment company, whose systems were introduced to Korea in 2002, but also for drawing out helpful information in order to develop this system in the future.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  5 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 6 ์ œ2์žฅ ์ง์ ‘๊ธˆ์œต๊ณผ ์„ ๋ฐ•์ž๊ธˆ์กฐ๋‹ฌ 8 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ง์ ‘๊ธˆ์œต์‹œ์žฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์„ ๋ฐ•์ž๊ธˆ์กฐ๋‹ฌ 8 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋…์ผ์˜ K/G ํŽ€๋“œ 10 1. K/G ํŽ€๋“œ์˜ ๊ฐœ์š” 10 2. K/G ํŽ€๋“œ์˜ ์šด์˜๊ตฌ์กฐ 11 3. K/G ํŽ€๋“œ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์„ ๋ฐ•ํˆฌ์ž ๋™ํ–ฅ 12 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด์˜ K/S ํŽ€๋“œ 14 1. K/S ํŽ€๋“œ์˜ ๊ฐœ์š” 14 2. K/S ํŽ€๋“œ์˜ ์šด์˜๊ตฌ์กฐ 14 3. K/S ํŽ€๋“œ์˜ ์„ ๋ฐ•ํˆฌ์ž ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์ตœ๊ทผ ํˆฌ์ž๋™ํ–ฅ 16 ์ œ4์ ˆ K/G ํŽ€๋“œ์™€ K/S ํŽ€๋“œ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์  ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  18 1. K/G ํŽ€๋“œ์™€ K/S ํŽ€๋“œ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์  18 2. K/G ํŽ€๋“œ์™€ K/S ํŽ€๋“œ์˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  19 ์ œ3์žฅ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์„ ๋ฐ•ํˆฌ์žํšŒ์‚ฌ์ œ๋„ 21 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ•ํˆฌ์žํšŒ์‚ฌ์ œ๋„์˜ ์˜์˜ 21 1. ์„ ๋ฐ•ํˆฌ์žํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์˜์˜ 21 2. ์„ ๋ฐ•ํˆฌ์žํšŒ์‚ฌ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋ชฉ์  23 3. ์„ ๋ฐ•ํˆฌ์žํšŒ์‚ฌ์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ตฌ์กฐ 25 4. ์„ ๋ฐ•ํˆฌ์žํšŒ์‚ฌ์ œ๋„์˜ ์šด์˜์‹œ์Šคํ…œ 27 5. ํ•ด์šด์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์„ ๋ฐ•ํˆฌ์žํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ 35 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ•ํˆฌ์žํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ˆ˜์ต์ฐฝ์ถœ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ 37 1. ์žฌ๋ฌด๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฐ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ต์ฐฝ์ถœ 37 2. ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ต ์ฐฝ์ถœ 38 3. ์„ ๋ฐ•ํˆฌ์žํšŒ์‚ฌ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ ๊ทœ๋ชจ 40 ์ œ4์žฅ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์„ ๋ฐ•ํˆฌ์žํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ž๊ธˆ์กฐ๋‹ฌ ๋ฐ ํˆฌ์žํ˜„ํ™ฉ 42 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์„ ๋ฐ•ํˆฌ์žํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฐœํ™ฉ 42 1. ๋™๋ถ์•„ 1ํ˜ธ๏ฝž9ํ˜ธ ์„ ๋ฐ•ํˆฌ์žํšŒ์‚ฌ 42 2. ์•„์‹œ์•„ํผ์‹œํ”ฝ 1ํ˜ธ๏ฝž9ํ˜ธ ์„ ๋ฐ•ํˆฌ์žํšŒ์‚ฌ 55 3. ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์„ ๋ฐ•ํˆฌ์žํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ํšŒ์‚ฌ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ(ํ•ด์™ธ์žํšŒ์‚ฌ) 71 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ•ํˆฌ์žํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 73 1. ์ž์‚ฐ์šด์šฉ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ฐฉ์นจ(ํˆฌ์ž๋ฐฉ์นจ) 73 2. ํˆฌ์ž์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์œ„ํ—˜ 74 3. ์ด์ต ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๋‹น๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 81 4. ์ž์‚ฐํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๊ณต์‹œ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 81 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์„ ๋ฐ•ํˆฌ์žํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ž๊ธˆ์กฐ๋‹ฌ ๋ฐ ํˆฌ์žํ˜„ํ™ฉ 82 1. ๋™๋ถ์•„ 1ํ˜ธ๏ฝž9ํ˜ธ ์„ ๋ฐ•ํˆฌ์žํšŒ์‚ฌ 82 2. ์•„์‹œ์•„ํผ์‹œํ”ฝ 1ํ˜ธ๏ฝž9ํ˜ธ ์„ ๋ฐ•ํˆฌ์žํšŒ์‚ฌ 90 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์„ ๋ฐ•ํˆฌ์žํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋™ํ–ฅ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  99 1. ์„ ๋ฐ•ํˆฌ์žํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ „์ฒด ์ž๊ธˆ์กฐ๋‹ฌ ๊ทœ๋ชจ 99 2. ์„ ๋ฐ•ํˆฌ์žํšŒ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋™ํ–ฅ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  103 ์ œ5์žฅ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์„ ๋ฐ•ํˆฌ์žํšŒ์‚ฌ ํˆฌ์ž์„ฑ๊ณผ 108 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ•ํˆฌ์žํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ธก์ • 108 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ•ํˆฌ์žํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 110 ์ œ6์žฅ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  118 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 121 1. ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ž๋ฃŒ 121 2. ์™ธ๊ตญ์ž๋ฃŒ 123 3. ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ์ž๋ฃŒ 12

    ๊ณผํ…Œ๋ง๋ผ์—์„œ ๋งˆ์•ผ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€

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    ํ•„์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณผํ…Œ๋ง๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ 1997๋…„ 12์›” ๋ง์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ผํ‹ด์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ฒ˜์Œ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผํ…Œ๋ง๋ผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š” ํ•„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ฐŸ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๋‰ด์š•์ฃผ๋ฆฝ๋Œ€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์˜ ํ˜„์žฅํ•™๊ต(field school) ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ˆ์นด๋ผ๊ณผ์—์„œ ํ•œ ํ•™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธํ† ๋ก ๊ฟˆ๊พธ์–ด์˜ค๋˜ ๊ทธ ๋จผ ๊ณณ. ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๊ธ‰์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฌธํ™”์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด ์ง„ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™์ž์˜ ๊ฟˆ์„ ํŽผ์น˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ผํ‹ด์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด, ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ํ•„์ž์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ณผํ…Œ๋ง๋ผ๋ฅผ ํ˜„์ง€(field) ๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค

    ์•ผ์Šค๋งˆ๋ฃจ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์‚ฌ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ

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    [์„œํ‰] 1. ใ€Ž์•ผ์Šค๋งˆ๋ฃจ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€์˜ ๋Œ€๋ก : ๋ฌธ๋ช…ํ™”ยท๋ฏผ์ค‘ยท์–‘์˜์„ฑใ€(ๅฎ‰ไธธๆ€ๆƒณๅฒใธใฎๅฏพ่ซ–โ”€ๆ–‡ๆ˜ŽๅŒ–ยทๆฐ‘่ก†ยทไธก็พฉๆ€ง, ๅฎ‰ไธธ่‰ฏๅคซยท็ฃฏๅ‰้ †ไธ€ ็ทจ, ใƒšใƒชใ‚ซใƒณ็คพ, 2010). 2. ใ€Ž์ „ํ›„์ง€์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ: ์—ญ์‚ฌยท์ข…๊ตยท๋ฏผ์ค‘ใ€(ๆˆฆๅพŒ็Ÿฅใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งโ”€ๆญดๅฒยทๅฎ—ๆ•™ยทๆฐ‘่ก†โ”€, ๅฎ‰ไธธ่‰ฏๅคซยทๅ–œๅฎ‰ๆœ— ็ทจ, ๅฑฑๅทๅ‡บ็‰ˆ่€…, 2010).๋ƒ‰์ „์ฒด์ œ์˜ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜ ํ˜๋ช…์ด ์‹คํŒจ๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๊ณ  ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ชจ๋”๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜๊ณผ ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ์ฝœ๋กœ๋‹ˆ์–ผ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜, ๋ฌธํ™”์—ฐ๊ตฌ(Cultural Studies), ์„œ๋ฒŒํ„ด์—ฐ๊ตฌ(Subaltern Studies), ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ก  ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ™์ˆ˜ ์†์—์„œ ์ •ํ†ต ๋งˆ๋ฅดํฌ์Šค์ฃผ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ์„ ์ƒ์‹คํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „ํ›„ ์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์„ ์•”์ค‘๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 21์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ๋“ค์–ด์™€ ์ „ํ›„ ์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์žฌ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ „์— ์—†์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์˜ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ ์†์—์„œ ์ „ํ›„ ์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ์ ๊ฒ€์ด ์ ˆ์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ „ํ›„ ์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™์ด ์žฌ๊ณ ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ ์†์—์„œ ์•ผ์Šค๋งˆ๋ฃจ ์š”์‹œ์˜ค์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์‚ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€ ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•œ ๋ฌต์งํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ง‘ ๋‘ ๊ถŒ์ด ์ถœ๊ฐ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ใ€Ž์•ผ์Šค๋งˆ๋ฃจ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€์˜ ๋Œ€๋ก : ๋ฌธ๋ช…ํ™”ยท๋ฏผ์ค‘ยท์–‘์˜์„ฑใ€(ๅฎ‰ไธธๆ€ๆƒณๅฒใธใฎๅฏพ่ซ–โ”€ๆ–‡ๆ˜ŽๅŒ–ยทๆฐ‘่ก†\ยทไธก็พฉๆ€ง, ๅฎ‰ไธธ่‰ฏๅคซยท็ฃฏๅ‰้ †ไธ€ ็ทจ, ใƒšใƒชใ‚ซใƒณ็คพ, 2010)์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ใ€Ž์ „ํ›„์ง€์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ: ์—ญ์‚ฌยท์ข…๊ตยท๋ฏผ์ค‘ใ€(ๆˆฆๅพŒ็Ÿฅใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งโ”€ๆญดๅฒยทๅฎ—ๆ•™ยทๆฐ‘่ก†\โ”€, ๅฎ‰ไธธ่‰ฏๅคซยทๅ–œๅฎ‰ๆœ— ็ทจ, ๅฑฑๅทๅ‡บ็‰ˆ่€…, 2010)์ด๋‹ค

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    ํ‹ฐ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๋„ํ‹ฐ(Tina Modotti)๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ์•„์ง์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฏ์„ค ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์ฏค์€ ๋“ค์€ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ 2003๋…„ ์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์˜ํ™” ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž ๋‘˜์ด ํƒฑ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๋Š” ์žฅ๋ฉด์ด ์ธ์ƒ ๊นŠ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์• ์Š๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์—ด์—ฐํ•œ ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ‹ฐ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๋„ํ‹ฐ ๋‹ค. ๋””์—๊ณ  ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ ๋ผ์˜ ๋ฒฝํ™” ์—์„œ ์ „์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„ ์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ค‘ ์šฐ์ธก์˜ ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด ๋ชจ๋„ํ‹ฐ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ์ž‘๊ฐ€ ์—˜๋ ˆ๋‚˜ ํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ํ† ํ”„์Šค์นด์˜ ์†Œ์„ค ใ€Žํ‹ฐ๋‹ˆ์‹œ๋งˆใ€์˜ ์‹ค์กด ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ๋„ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค..

    ๋ฉ”์ด์ง€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ผ๋ณธ ์ง€์‹์ธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต ์ดํ•ด : ๋ช…์œก์‚ฌ(ๆ˜Ž๏ง‘็คพ)๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ๋ฉ”์ด์ง€์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ ํ›„ ์–ผ๋งˆ ์•ˆ ๋˜์–ด ์ฒœํ™ฉ๊ถŒ์˜ ํ™•๋ฆฝ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•œ ์‹ ๋„(็ฅž้“)๊ตญ๊ตํ™” ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋‚ด์„ธ์šฐ๋ ค ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต ์‚ฌ๊ต(้‚ชๆ•Ž)๋Š” ์ฒ ์ €ํžˆ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ „๊ตญ์— ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ํƒœ์ •๊ด€(ๅคชๆ”ฟๅฎ˜)์˜ ํฌ๊ณ (1868. 3. 15)๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฏธ ์ด์ „์˜ ๋„์ฟ ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋ง‰๋ถ€(ๅพทๅทๅน•ๅบœ{)๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌธํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ ๋‚œ ๋’ค๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ํƒ„์••์€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค์‹œ๊ธˆ ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธˆ์ง€์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผ๋ณธ์— ๋“ค์–ด ์˜จ ์„ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต๋Š” ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ๊ณ  ๋˜ ์ผ๋ณธ์ธ ์ค‘์—๋„ ๊ฐœ์ข…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ ๋Š” ์žˆ๋˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํƒœ์ •๊ด€ ํฌ๊ณ  ์ดํ›„ 1869๋…„ ๋ง ์šฐ๋ผ์นด๋ฏธ(ๆตฆไธŠ)์˜ ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต๋„ ์•ฝ 3000๋ช…์ด ์ฒดํฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์™ธ๊ต์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋น„ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์•ฝ ๊ฐœ์ •์„ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉ”์ด์ง€์ •๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„œ์–‘ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ํ•ญ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์™”์„ ๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1872๋…„ 5์›” ํƒœ์ •๊ด€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ ๊ฐ ๋ถ€ํ˜„(ๅบœ็ธฃ) ์žฅ๊ด€(้•ทๅฎ˜) ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๊ธˆ๊ต(็ฆๆ•Ž) ์™„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ง€์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋‹ค์Œ ํ•ด(1873. 2. 24)์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต ๊ธˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ง€ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ(้ซ˜ๆœญ, ๋ฒ•๋ น ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ณต์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํŒ)์˜ ์ฒ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ์˜ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋ฉ”์ด์ง€์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํƒœ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ตํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„œ์–‘ ์—ด๊ฐ•์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค

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    2002๋…„ ๋ฃฐ๋ผ์˜ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ๋‹น์„ ์€ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํš์„ ๊ธ‹๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋‹น(PT: Partido dos Trabalhadores. ์ดํ•˜ PT)์˜ ๋ฃฐ๋ผ(Lula: Luiz Inaฬcio Lula da Silva)๋Š” 2002๋…„ 10์›” 27์ผ ์น˜๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ๊ฒฐ์„  ํˆฌํ‘œ์—์„œ ์œ ํšจ ํˆฌํ‘œ์˜ 61.27%๋ฅผ ์–ป์–ด 38.73%๋ฅผ ์–ป์€ ์ง‘๊ถŒ๋‹น ํ›„๋ณด์ธ ์ฃผ์ œ ์„ธํ•˜(Joseฬ Serra)๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ  4๋ฒˆ์งธ์˜ ๋„์ „์—์„œ ๋“œ๋””์–ด ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์— ๋‹น์„  ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 4๋…„ ํ›„์ธ 2006๋…„ 10์›”์—๋Š” ์œ ํšจํˆฌํ‘œ์˜ 60.8%๋ฅผ ์–ป์–ด 39.2%๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•œ PSDB์˜ ์•„์šฐํฌ๋ฏผ ํ›„๋ณด๋ฅผ 2์ฒœ๋งŒํ‘œ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด ๋กœ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žฌ์„ ์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ 5%์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ณผ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ ์ฆ๋Œ€, ๋นˆ๊ณค์ธต ๊ฐ์†Œ, ๊ตญ์ œ์  ์œ„์ƒ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋“ฑ์˜ ์„ฑ ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์˜ฌ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌด๋ ค 80%๋ฅผ ๋„˜๋Š” ์ง€์ง€์œจ์„ ์ž๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค..

    ํ•œ-๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ ๊ด€๊ณ„: ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ฐœ์ „๋ฐฉํ–ฅ

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    ์ –๊ณผ ๊ฟ€์ด ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋‚˜์•ˆ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋•…, ๊ธฐํšŒ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ, ๋‚ด์ผ ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ, ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ํ•™์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ํ˜น์€ ๊ณจ๋“œ๋งŒ์‚ญ์Šค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒจ๋ƒฅํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ, ํ˜น์€ ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์— ์„œ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์˜ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์ด๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆํ•˜ ๋ฉด ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์ •์—ด์ ์ธ ์‚ผ๋ฐ” ์ถค, ์นด๋‹ˆ๋ฐœ ์ถ•์ œ, ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ถ•๊ตฌ, ์•„๋งˆ ์กด ๋“ฑ์„ ์—ฐ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์ด ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„, ์ธ๋„, ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ธŒ๋ฆญ์Šค(BRICs)์˜ ์ผ์›์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›์ž, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์•ฝ 2 ์–ต์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ์‹œ์žฅ, ์ž์› ๊ณผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ถ€๊ตญ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตญ์ œ๋ฌด๋Œ€์—์„œ ์ „๋žต ์  ํ˜‘๋ ฅํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๋กœ ๋ถ€์ฉ ๋ถ€๊ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค

    ์• ๊ตญ์†Œ๋…„๋ก  : '์ผ๋ณธ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์†Œ์„ค' ์ฒœํ™ฉ ์„œ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ

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    ์ด ๊ธ€์˜ ์›๋ฌธ์€ ์ผ๋ณธ์–ด๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ•œ์ •์„ (ํ•œ์–‘๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฐ•์‚ฌยท๋ฐ•์‚ฌ ํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›)์ด ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.์ฒœํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ•™์„ ๋…ผํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์•ž์„œ, ์ผ๋ณธ์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ์„œ ํ™•์ธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์„œ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์„ ์ธ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธ€์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ์ด์ž๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚˜์™€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ฒœ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ, ์นจ์†Œ์—์„œ ๊ตํ•ฉ์„ ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ณง๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์„œ ๋‚˜์™€ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„ธ์š”. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์™ผ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒ ์†Œ.๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ๋‹ค. ์•ฝ์†์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์„ ๋Œ์•„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ, ๋จผ์ € ์ด์ž๋‚˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์•„, ์ฐธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋‚ญ๊ตฐ์ด์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ด์–ด ์ด์ž๋‚˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„, ์ฐธ์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋‚ญ์ž๋กœ๋‹ค.๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ง์ด ๋๋‚œ ํ›„์— ์ด์ž๋‚˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฌ์ž ์ชฝ์—์„œ ๋จผ์ € ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ง์€ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์ผ์„ ์น˜๋Ÿฌ ๋‚ณ์€ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ํžˆ๋ฃจ์ฝ”์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ฐฐ์— ํƒœ์›Œ ํ˜๋ ค๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค[ใ€Ž๊ณ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐใ€(ๅคไบ‹่จ˜), ์ด์™€๋‚˜๋ฏธ์„œ์ (ๅฒฉๆณขๆ›ธๅบ—)]. 1963๋…„์— ํŽธ์ฐฌ๋œ ใ€Ž๊ณ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐใ€ ์„œ๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ท€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ถ„์˜ ๋‚จ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ธˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊นจ๊ณ (์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚จ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ํ˜นํ•œ ๊ฒƒ) ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ•œ ํƒ“์— ๋‚จ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŠน์ดํ•œ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋ฐฐ์— ์‹ค๋ ค ๋ฒ„๋ ค์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ฐ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ด๋“œํŒŒ ์˜คํ†  ๋žญํฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋„์ž…๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‹ ํ™”๋“ค์„ ์˜์›… ํƒ„์ƒ ์‹ ํ™”๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ €๋‹ค
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