Phosphorylation of androgen receptors at serine 515 is a potential prognostic marker for triple negative breast cancer

1.7 million cases of breast cancer are diagnosed every year with 522,000 deaths. Molecular classifications of breast cancer have resulted in improved treatments. However, treatments for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are lacking. Analysis of molecular targets for TNBC is a priority. One potential candidate is androgen receptor (AR) phosphorylation. This study assessed the role of AR phosphorylation at ser81/ser515 and their two upstream effectors, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (pCDK1) and extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2) in 332 ductal breast cancer patients by immunohistochemistry. pERK1/2 combined with AR-515 associated with improved cancer-specific survival (CSS, p = 0.038), decreased size (p = 0.001), invasive grade (p < 0.001), necrosis (p = 0.003), b-lymphocytes (p = 0.020), molecular subtype (p < 0.001) and estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR)-status (p < 0.001). The cohort was therefore stratified into ER+ve and ER-ve patients. In ER+ve tumours, pERK1/2 combined with AR-515 associated with improved CSS (p = 0.038), smaller size (p = 0.004), invasive grade (p = 0.001), decreased b-lymphocytes (p = 0.013) and increased plasma cells (p = 0.048). In contrast, in TNBC patients, phosphorylation of AR-515 associated with poorer CSS (p = 0.007). pERK1/2 combined with AR-515 associated with decreased inflammation (p = 0.003), increased tumour stroma (p = 0.003) and tumour budding (p = 0.011), with trends towards decrease CSS (p = 0.065) and macrophage levels (p = 0.093). In Conclusions, AR-515 may be an important regulator of inflammation in breast cancer potential via ERK1/2 phosphorylation. AR-515 is a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for TNBC

Teaching and Professional Fellowship Report 2003/4 : Writing in the Context of Fine Art Education

Originating from the question "what happens to writing as a practice when students of Fine Art are doing the writing?" Kate Love investigated the new approaches to art writing which are surfacing both within University of the Arts London and peer institutions, using the knowledge gained to enlarge student perception of the possibilities for writing and writing-based assignments with a Fine Art based curriculum. Her starting point was to research the effect that the contemporary application of 'performative theory' has had on writing in Fine Art educatio

Doing data analysis

'Research is about more than empirical evidence, but evidence is at the heart of finding out more about the social and education world. One way of marshalling evidence on a topic, or to answer a research question, is to use the findings of others as published in the literature. This use of evidence at third-hand is common – in the notorious literature review for a PhD, for example. I say ‘third-hand’ because the analyst does not have access to the primary evidence, nor are they re-presenting an analysis of the data. They are presenting a summary of what a previous author presented about an analysis of data. Done well, with a clear focus, such a review of literature can be useful, at least in establishing what others think, how a topic is usually researched, and why the topic might be important to research further. Some of the inherent weaknesses of using the accounts of others might be overcome by ensuring that all of the relevant literature was used, even accounts of unsuccessful studies and evidence from unpublished studies, and then conducting a full meta-analysis of the results (I recommend using a Bayesian approach, see appendix to Gorard et al. 2004, which allows the relatively simple combination of different kinds of evidence). But such systematic reviews of evidence are rare, very difficult to do properly, and both expensive and time-consuming. And anyway this second approach does not overcome the chief drawbacks of the literature which are that we have no direct access to the evidence of others, and often face a very partial view of the assumptions made and the analyses conducted.

PENGARUH PENERAPAN STRUKTUR GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP KINERJA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (BEI)

This research is a descriptive research with the title The Influence of Good Corporate Governance Structure Implementation on Manufacture Company Performance Enlisted In Indonesia Stock Exchange. This research is aimed to find out the influence of corporate governance implementation on company’s performance. Analysis tools which used to find out the influence of significant variable were including Normality Test, Classical Assumption Test which consists of Multicolinearity Test, Autocorrelation Test and Heterokedasticity Test. We used Double Linear Regression Analysis as well as F Test (simultaneous) and T test (partial) to find out the variables influent. The results show that simultaneously and partially the institutional capacity, managerial capacity, and proportion of independent board of commissioner have significant influence on manufacture company’s performance enlisted in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Proportion of independent board of commissioner variable has the dominant influence. This is because the more independent commissioners who invest their capital in the company the more they have right to monitor and manage the company in order to obtain their capital revenue

Terrorism and the Internet: new media - new threat?

The Internet is a powerful political instrument, which is increasingly employed by terrorists to forward their goals. The five most prominent contemporary terrorist uses of the Net are information provision, financing, networking, recruitment, and information gathering. This article describes and explains each of these uses and follows up with examples. The final section of the paper describes the responses of government, law enforcement, intelligence agencies, and others to the terrorism-Internet nexus. There is a particular emphasis within the text on the UK experience, although examples from other jurisdictions are also employed

miR-515-5p controls cancer cell migration through MARK4 regulation

Here, we show that miR-515-5p inhibits cancer cell migration and metastasis. RNA-seq analyses of both oestrogen receptor receptor-positive and receptor-negative breast cancer cells overexpressing miR-515-5p reveal down-regulation of NRAS, FZD4, CDC42BPA, PIK3C2B and MARK4 mRNAs. We demonstrate that miR-515-5p inhibits MARK4 directly 3' UTR interaction and that MARK4 knock-down mimics the effect of miR-515-5p on breast and lung cancer cell migration. MARK4 overexpression rescues the inhibitory effects of miR-515-5p, suggesting miR-515-5p mediates this process through MARK4 down-regulation. Furthermore, miR-515-5p expression is reduced in metastases compared to primary tumours derived from both in vivo xenografts and samples from patients with breast cancer. Conversely, miR-515-5p overexpression prevents tumour cell dissemination in a mouse metastatic model. Moreover, high miR-515-5p and low MARK4 expression correlate with increased breast and lung cancer patients' survival, respectively. Taken together, these data demonstrate the importance of miR-515-5p/MARK4 regulation in cell migration and metastasis across two common cancers

燃料電池用触媒における白金とカーボン担体との相互作用に関する研究

学位記番号：工博甲515

Slug Damage and Control of Slugs in Horticultural Crops

Slugs can cause severe damage in horticultural crops. Slug activity; slug damage and control strategies differ considerably between countries or regions in Europe. The brochure summarizes recent research on novel methods of slug control

The Prevalence and Risk Factors of GERD Among Indonesian Medical Doctors

Background: Based on our knowledge, the study of gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD) among certain profession has never been conducted. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors of GERD among Indonesian doctors. Methods: A consecutive study involving 515 doctors was conducted in October 2015. The GerdQ score was used to the diagnosis of GERD and determined its impact on daily life. All possible risk factors were also analysed. Results: A total of 515 subjects completed the questionnaire. The mean age of them was 41.37 ± 11.92 years old. Fifty-five percent of them were male and 60.6% general practitioners. The prevalence of GERD was 27.4% of which 21.0% was had GERD with low impact on daily life, and 6.4% was GERD with high impact on daily life. The statistically significant risk factors of GERD was found in age >50 y.o (p = 0.002; OR = 2.054), BMI >30 kg/m2 (p = 0.016; OR = 2.53), and smokers (p = 0.031; OR = 1.982). Sex and education level were not found significant statistically as the risk factors of GERD. Conclusions: The prevalence of GERD among Indonesian physician was 27.4%. We found that age over 50 y.o, obesity and smoking habit were the risk factors of GERD in Indonesian doctors.&nbsp