Long-term XMM-Newton investigation of two particle-accelerating colliding-wind binaries in NGC6604: HD168112 and HD167971

The long-term (over more than one decade) X-ray emission from two massive stellar systems known to be particle accelerators is investigated using XMM-Newton. Their X-ray properties are interpreted taking into account recent information about their multiplicity and orbital parameters. The two targets, HD168112 and HD167971 appear to be overluminous in X-rays, lending additional support to the idea that a significant contribution of the X-ray emission comes from colliding-wind regions. The variability of the X-ray flux from HD168112 is interpreted in terms of varying separation expected to follow the 1/D rule for adiabatic shocked winds. For HD167971, marginal decrease of the X-ray flux in September 2002 could tentatively be explained by a partial wind eclipse in the close pair. No long-term variability could be demonstrated despite the significant difference of separation between 2002 and 2014. This suggests the colliding-wind region in the wide orbit does not contribute a lot to the total X-ray emission, with a main contribution coming from the radiative shocked winds in the eclipsing pair. The later result provides evidence that shocks in a colliding-wind region may be efficient particle accelerators even in the absence of bright X-ray emission, suggesting particle acceleration may operate in a wide range of conditions. Finally, in hierarchical triple O-type systems, thermal X-rays do not necessarily constitute an efficient tracer to detect the wind-wind interaction in the long period orbit.Comment: 12 pages, 4 postscript figures, 6 table

Employment, Wages and Immigration in the European Union: Econometric Models and Comparison with the USA, 1960-2003

Some of the main challenges for European Union at the beginning of the 21st century are to increase the rates of employment and the real wages, particularly in those regions and economic sectors with the lowest levels, as well as to develop realistic policies of net immigration, which should have into account the limitations of EU for employment creation and growth of real Gdp, in order to avoid diminutions of average wages and social services expenditure per inhabitant. We estimate some econometric models which explain the lower rates of employment and wages of Europe in comparison with the USA, analyse those differences during the period 1960-2003 and suggest some changes in EU policies in order to increase both average wages and the rates of employment. EU immigration policies should be realistic and limited to the capacities of jobs creation, and the international cooperation of EU with developing countries should be more focused to foster investments and to increase employment and income per inhabitant in the countries of origin of immigrants.

Highly stable microtubular cells for portable solid oxide fuel cell applications

In this work, extruded support tubes based on Nickel Oxide-YSZ (yttria stabilized-zirconia) were manufactured by Powder Extrusion Moulding (PEM). An YSZ layer is then deposited by dip coating as the electrolyte and subsequently, standard La0.8Sr0.2MnO3-δ (LSM)/YSZ composites were deposited by dip coating as oxygen electrodes. Microstructure of the anode support was optimized in order to achieve the maximum fuel utilization and as a consequence, a high performance of the cells. Experiments as a function of the fuel composition showed power densities above 500 mWcm−2 at 800 °C at 0.7 V, with high fuel utilization (∼75%). Long-term durability studies were also performed for a period above 1000 hours. The experiment was conducted at 800 °C using pure humidified hydrogen at a fixed voltage of 0.8 V. It was observed that the current density of the cell is significantly evolving during the initial period of about 100 hours, as a consequence of reconditioning of nickel particles at the anode support. Once the system is stabilized, no degradation was observed up to 1000 hours under operating conditions, obtaining current densities in the range of 400 mAcm−2 at 0.8 V and 800 °C.The project MAT2015-68078-R, financed by the Spanish Government (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad) and the Feder program of the European Union, is also acknowledged.Peer Reviewe

Analisis Ketertiban Tata Letak Bangunan Terhadap Sempadan Sungai Di Sungai Banjir Kanal Timur Kota Semarang (Studi Kasus : Sepanjang Banjir Kanal Timur Dari Muara Sampai Jembatan Brigjend Sudiarto (Sta 0-sta 7))

Water resources is the favor of Allah SWT that is priceless. All living creatures on the face of the earth need it as a source of life. To maintain a balance between the availability of water resources and community needs for water, the Government has issued Law No. 7 of 2004 on Water Resources. As the implementation of Law No. 7 of 2004, local governments have issued legislation Semarang 10, 2004 About the Detailed Spatial Plan City which includes regulating the river space, river management, licensing, information systems, and community empowerment. Border Banjir Kanal Timur (BKT) in Kaligawe is a potential area of open space which can be utilized for activities through sustainable planning in order to achieve benefit, both in terms of environmental, social and economic. Order the layout of buildings on river banks is a process for building layout suitable or not in accordance with local regulations governed by a predetermined distance with Semarang City Regulation No.10 of 2004 which includes the demarcation line of the border river façade. This analysis work using GIS methods and comparing the results of the processing of Quickbird Imagery with ArcGIS software Global Mapper 10 and 15 which will be tested in the field by means of its accuracy GPS RTK Hiper II methods and measurements with the meter. Results of this study resulted in a map information fields of permanent and non-permanent buildings that do not conform to the river border line refers to the Semarang City Regulation No.10 of 2004. So after mapping and analysis phase is completed, the results can be used as information and consideration to relevant government agencies and the surrounding community to pay attention to the spatial streams, given the importance of the river border expediency positive or negative impact for the social, economic, environmental, and legal aspects should be reexamined