Distribution and abundance of cladocerans in the eastern Arabian Sea

Of the two species, Penilia avirostris Dana and Evadne tergestina Claus encountered, 86% of the population of the former occurred within the 50 m depth zone and 75% of the total population of the latter in the 50 m-100 m depth zone. Striking day-night variations in the population densities of Penilia and Evadne were observed. The samples collected at night contained 99.7% and 88% of the populations of the former and latter species respectively. Swarming of Evadne and Penilia is a regular phenomenon during the southwest monsoon season.The highest concentration of the former species was observed in August and that of the latter in September. High concentrations of Penilia and Evadne were observed in the 30 m depth zone off Cochin and in the 40 m depth zone off Karwar. The abundance of Penilia observed in the 30 m depth zone of Wadge Bank off Cape Comorin coincided with its maximum recorded in August off Cochin. The length frequency studies on Penilia and Evadne showed that different size classes dominated in the different regions from 07°N to 19°N and that an increase in size of the individuals was evident from south to north in both Penilia and Evadne. Fecundity of Penilia was the highest in the southernmost region between 07°00'N and 09°00'N while that of Evadne was in the northern region, 15°N- 19°N. Gamogenetic females of both Penilia and Evadne were very few in number. Occurrence of large numbers of parthenogenetic females of Penilia and Evadne with well developed advanced embroys in their brood pouches in the night samples probably suggest nocturnal brood maturation

OGLE small amplitude red giant variables in the Galactic Bar

Among over 200,000 Galactic Bulge variable stars in the public domain OGLE catalogue, we found over 15,000 red giant variables following two well defined period -- amplitude relations. The periods are in the range 10 < P < 100 days, and amplitudes in the range 0.005 < A < 0.13 mag in I-band. The variables cover a broad range of reddening corrected colours, 1 < (V-I)_0 < 5, and a fairly narrow range of extinction corrected apparent magnitudes, 10.5 < I_0 < 13 . A subset of variables (type A) has a rms scatter of only 0.44 mag. The average magnitudes for these stars are well correlated with the Galactic longitude, and vary from I_{k,0} = 11.82 for l = +8 deg to I_{k,0} = 12.07 for l = -5 deg, clearly indicating that they are located in the Galactic Bar. Most variables have several oscillation periods.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures (7 in low resolution), submitted to MNRAS. Article in full resolution can be obtained at http://www.astro.princeton.edu/~leyer/wrayetal.p

A generalized exchange-correlation functional: the Neural-Networks approach

A Neural-Networks-based approach is proposed to construct a new type of exchange-correlation functional for density functional theory. It is applied to improve B3LYP functional by taking into account of high-order contributions to the exchange-correlation functional. The improved B3LYP functional is based on a neural network whose structure and synaptic weights are determined from 116 known experimental atomization energies, ionization potentials, proton affinities or total atomic energies which were used by Becke in his pioneer work on the hybrid functionals [J. Chem. Phys. ${\bf 98}$, 5648 (1993)]. It leads to better agreement between the first-principles calculation results and these 116 experimental data. The new B3LYP functional is further tested by applying it to calculate the ionization potentials of 24 molecules of the G2 test set. The 6-311+G(3{\it df},2{\it p}) basis set is employed in the calculation, and the resulting root-mean-square error is reduced to 2.2 kcal$\cdot$mol$^{-1}$ in comparison to 3.6 kcal$\cdot$mol$^{-1}$ of conventional B3LYP/6-311+G(3{\it df},2{\it p}) calculation.Comment: 10 pages, 1figur

Spartan Daily, February 12, 1953

Volume 41, Issue 88https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/spartandaily/11835/thumbnail.jp

Agronomic and Quality Traits of Winter Barley Varieties (Hordeum vulgare L.) under Growing Conditions in Croatia

This paper presents an investigation of the agronomic and quality traits of the barley varieties, their stability and adaptability and specific reactions towards growing conditions in the Republic of Croatia. During four year trials on localities in Tovarnik, Nova Gradiska, Pozega and Osijek we researched 14 winter barley varieties. Interaction effect variety*environment has been explored together with estimation of significant parameters of stability towards grain yield, hectoliter weight, protein and starch content. With usage of cluster analysis it was possible to group varieties considering genotype x environment interaction (GEI). Impact of year, location and variety on grain yield, hectoliter grain weight, protein and starch content has been estimated by analysis of variance. There was no significant difference between two different sowing rates (300 and 450 grains/ m2) for grain yield, hectoliter weight and protein content. There also was no significant interaction of variety*sowing rate for all researched parameters. Parameters of stability and achieved grain yield show that under favorable growing conditions one can expect better results of varieties ‘Trenk’ and ‘Princ’ with lower stability and variety Barun with higher stability of grain yield. Stability parameters point out varieties ‘Vanessa’, ‘Plaisant’, ‘Favorit’ and ‘Zlatko’ to have auspicious reaction to grain yield under extensive cultivation conditions but with significantly different levels of grain yield achieved. Cluster analysis for grain yield of the highest clustering similarity level displays five variety groups and variety Princ that does not show tendency to group with none of the other varieties. The first group is made by varieties ‘Barun’, ‘Zlatko’ and ‘Rex’. The second one consists of varieties ‘Prometej’ and ‘Gvozd’ with ‘Bingo’ and ‘Sladoran’. ‘Tiffany’ and ‘Vanessa’ make special, somewhat detached group of varieties that tend to group together with varieties ‘Favorit’, ‘Trenk’, ‘Plaisant’ and ‘Lord’ but on the lower grouping level

Representative Farms Economic Outlook for the January 2017 FAPRI/AFPC Baseline

The Agricultural and Food Policy Center (AFPC) at Texas A&M University develops and maintains data to simulate 94 representative crop, dairy, and livestock operations in major production areas in 29 states. The chief purpose of this analysis is to project the economic viability of those farms by region and commodity for 2017 through 2021. The data necessary to simulate the economic activity of these operations is developed through ongoing cooperation with panels of agricultural producers in selected states. The Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute (FAPRI) provided projected prices, policy variables, and input inflation rates in their January 2017 Baseline. Under the January 2017 Baseline, 19 of the 63 crop farms are considered in good liquidity condition (less than a 25 percent chance of negative ending cash by 2021). Nine crop farms have between a 25 percent and a 50 percent likelihood of negative ending cash, and the remaining 35 crop farms have greater than a 50 percent chance of negative ending cash. Additionally, 25 of the 63 crop farms are considered in good equity position (less than a 25 percent chance of decreasing real net worth during the study period). Four crop farms have between a 25 percent and 50 percent likelihood of losing real net worth, and 34 crop farms have greater than a 50 percent probability of decreasing real net worth by 2021. The following discussion provides an overall evaluation by commodity considering both liquidity and equity measures. &#x2022; FEEDGRAIN FARMS: Seven of the 22 feedgrain farms are in good overall financial condition. Four farms are classified in marginal condition, and eleven are in poor condition. &#x2022; WHEAT FARMS: Three representative wheat farms are classified in good overall financial condition, none are in marginal condition, and eight are in poor condition. * COTTON FARMS: Five of the 15 cotton farms are classified in good condition, three are in marginal condition, and seven are in poor condition. * RICE FARMS: Three of the 15 rice farms are projected to be in good financial condition. Four rice farms are projected to be in marginal condition; eight are in poor condition. * DAIRY FARMS: Sixteen of the 20 dairies are in good overall financial condition. One dairy is classified in marginal condition, and three are in poor condition. * BEEF CATTLE RANCHES: One of the 11 cattle ranches is classified in good financial condition, four are in marginal condition, and six are projected to be in poor condition

Physiological modes of action across species and toxicants : the key to predictive ecotoxicology

As ecotoxicologists we strive for a better understanding of how chemicals affect our environment. Humanity needs tools to identify those combinations of man-made chemicals and organisms most likely to cause problems. In other words: which of the millions of species are at risk from pollution? And which of the tens of thousands of chemicals contribute most to the risk? We identified our poor knowledge on physiological modes of action (how a chemical affects the energy allocation in an organism), and how they vary across species and toxicants, as a major knowledge gap. We also find that the key to predictive ecotoxicology is the systematic, rigorous characterization of physiological modes of action because that will enable more powerful in vitro to in vivo toxicity extrapolation and in silico ecotoxicology. In the near future, we expect a step change in our ability to study physiological modes of action by improved, and partially automated, experimental methods. Once we have populated the matrix of species and toxicants with sufficient physiological mode of action data we can look for patterns, and from those patterns infer general rules, theory and models

Aircraft Configured for Flight in an Atmosphere Having Low Density

An aircraft is configured for flight in an atmosphere having a low density. The aircraft includes a fuselage, a pair of wings, and a rear stabilizer. The pair of wings extends from the fuselage in opposition to one another. The rear stabilizer extends from the fuselage in spaced relationship to the pair of wings. The fuselage, the wings, and the rear stabilizer each present an upper surface opposing a lower surface. The upper and lower surfaces have X, Y, and Z coordinates that are configured for flight in an atmosphere having low density