Preliminary checklist of the Cerambycidae, Disteniidae, and Vesperidae (Coleoptera) of Peru

A preliminary checklist of the Cerambycidae, Disteniidae, and Vesperidae (Coleoptera) of Peru is presented. Within Cerambycidae, we record five subfamilies, 55 tribes, 345 genera and subgenera, and 714 species. Within Disteniidae, we record one tribe, six genera, and 11 species. We also record one subfamily, one tribe, one genus, and two species within Vesperidae. Four new country records are recorded: one species in the tribe Anacolini (Cerambycidae: Prioninae): Cycloprionus flavus Tippmann, 1953; and three species in the tribe Onciderini (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae): Cacostola simplex (Pascoe, 1859); Marensis simplex (Bates, 1865); Trachysomus cavigibba Martins, 1975. In addition, 161 species recorded are known only from Peru

More than Decisions: Reviews of American Law Reports in the Pre-West Era

In the early nineteenth century, both general literary periodicals and the first American legal journals often featured reviews of new volumes of U.S. Supreme Court and state court opinions, suggesting their importance not only to lawyers seeking the latest cases, but to members of the public. The reviews contributed to public discourse through comments on issues raised in the cases and the quality of the reporting, and were valued as forums for commentary on the law and its role in American society, particularly during debates on codification and the future of the common law in the 1820s. James Kent saw the reports as worthy of study by scholars of taste and literature, or to be read for their drama and displays of great feeling. By the 1840s fewer lengthy reviews of reports were published in the journals, but shorter reviews continued in the years prior to and after the Civil War; they largely disappeared with the emergence of West’s National Reporter System and other privately published reporters in the 1880s. This paper examines role and influences of the reviews in earlier decades of the century

New species and records of Stenus (Nestus) of the canaliculatus group, with the erection of a new species group (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Steninae)

The canaliculatus species group of Stenus (Nestus) is redefined. Four new Palaearctic species of the group are described and illustrated: S. (N.) alopex sp. nov. from the Putorana Highland and Taymyr Peninsula, Russia; S. (N.) canalis sp. nov. from SE Siberia and the Russian Far East; S. (N.) canosus sp. nov. from the Narat Mt Ridge, Chinese Tien Shan; S. (N.) delitor sp. nov. from C & SE Siberia. New distributional data as well as brief analyses of old records for fourteen species described earlier are provided from both Palaearctic and Nearctic material. S. (N.) milleporus Casey, 1884 (= sectilifer Casey, 1884) is revalidated as a species propria. S. (N.) sphaerops Casey, 1884 is redescribed; its aedeagus is figured for the fi rst time; the aedeagus of S. (N.) caseyi Puthz, 1972 as well as aedeagi of eight previously described Palaearctic species are illustrated anew. A key for the identification of all the known Palaearctic species of the group is given. A morphology and ecology based analysis of the main evolutionary trends within the group is provided. A lectotype is designated for S. (N.) melanopus Marsham, 1802; its Siberian and NE European records are supposed to be erroneous; the monotypic melanopus species group is erected

The „Rothenbuch concept of dead wood and habitat trees“ and its effects on the diversity of structures and biodiversity of beech-forests

In einem ausgedehnten Laubwaldgebiet im Hochspessart (Nordwestbayern, Bezirk Unterfranken) wurde 2006 untersucht, ob sich alte Rot-Buchenbestände, die seit mehr als 15 Jahren nach dem „Rothenbucher Totholz- und Biotopbaumkonzept“ bewirtschaftet werden, hinsichtlich Struktur-, und Artenvielfalt, von vergleichbaren Beständen ohne ein derartiges Konzpt unterscheiden. Qualitätsziele des Konzeptes sind: Schutz von Horstbäumen, Belassen von 10 ökologisch besonders wertvollen Bäumen pro Hektar, Erhalt und Akkumulation von durchschnittlich 10 m3 Totholz (ohne Stockholz und Kronentotholz) ab 20 Zentimeter pro Hektar auf der gesamten Fläche. Die Umsetzung erfolgt nach dem Grundsatz, dass bei der Auswahl jedes zu entnehmenden Altbaums stets zwischen dem zu erwartenden Holzertrag, der waldbaulichen Notwendigkeit und dem ökologischen Wert abzuwägen ist. Der Vergleich erfolgte in Rothenbuch, und in einem unmittelbar angrenzenden Gebiet ohne entsprechendes Konzept bei Altenbuch, in jeweils 30 ein Hektar großen Gitterfeldern sowie in je 25 Probekreisen (0,1 Hektar). Vögel wurden zur Brutzeit im Rahmen einer quantitativen Gitterfeldkartierung erhoben. Xylobionte Käfer wurden mit Hilfe von Kreuzfensterfallen und zeitstandardisierten Handfängen auf je 25 Probekreisen gefangen. Die Mollusken und Holz bewohnenden Pilze wurden auf je 15 Probekreisen durch standardisierte Aufsammlungen erfasst. In Wirtschaftswäldern seltene Strukturen, die zudem meist geklumpt auftreten (stehendes Totholz, Mulmhöhlen- und sonstige Biotopbäume), wurden auf den 60 Hektarrastern, häufigere und regelmäßiger verteilte Strukturen wie Stockholz oder liegendes Totholz wurden in den Probekreisen aufgenommen. Folgende Hypothesen wurden getestet: 1. Das Rothenbucher Totholz- und Biotopbaumkonzept hat bisher keine Auswirkungen auf Quantität und Qualität von liegendem und stehendem Totholz und Biotopbäumen. 2. Das Rothenbucher Totholz- und Biotopbaumkonzept hat bisher keine Auswirkungen auf Abundanzen und Artenreichtum von Indikatorgruppen. 3. Das Rothenbucher Totholz- und Biotopbaumkonzept hat bisher keine Auswirkungen auf Abundanzen und Artenreichtum an Habitat- und Strukturtradition gebundener und gefährdeter Arten. Es konnte kein Unterschied bei der Anzahl von Biotopbäumen in beiden Gebieten festgestellt werden. Signifikante Unterschiede zugunsten von Rothenbuch ergaben sich bei den Mengen an liegendem und stehendem Totholz und dem Angebot an Totholz stärkerer Dimensionen. Es wurden in Rothenbuch signifikant mehr Vogelarten und Individuen als in Altenbuch registriert. Besonders deutlich im Vergleich der Avizönosen war der Unterschied bei Höhlenbrütern, während die Werte für Vogelarten mit Bindung an Holzstrukturen nur einen Trend ergaben. Die Artenindikatoranalyse ergab folgende Arten als signifikant häufiger und stetiger im totholzreicheren Rothenbuch: Mittelspecht, Kohlmeise, Rotkehlchen, Grauspecht, Halsband- und Trauerschnäpper, Sumpfmeise und Mönchsgrasmücke. Nur der Buchfink (der im bayerischen Wirtschaftwald häufigste Vogel) erwies sich als Charakterart für Altenbuch. Die Artenzahl und Abundanzen der Mollusken lag in Rothenbuch signifikant über den Werten von Altenbuch. Auch die Anzahl gefährdeter Weichtierarten und die entsprechenden Individuenzahlen waren in Rothenbuch höher. Bei xylobionten Käferarten wurden in Rothenbuch signifikant höhere Artenzahlen aller Arten und der gefährdeten Arten festgestellt. Auch die Registrierungen und Artenzahlen von Holz bewohnenden Pilzen pro Probekreis lagen in Rothenbuch signifikant höher. Damit konnte gezeigt werden, dass bezüglich der Totholzmengen bereits nach etwa 15 Jahren deutliche Erfolge erzielt werden können. Das Fehlen von Unterschieden bei Biotopbäumen und wichtiger Indikatorarten der übergeordneten Großlandschaft Spessart in den untersuchten Beständen zeigt aber auch, dass ein Zeitraum von 15 Jahren für die Entstehung hochwertiger Biotopbäume nicht ausreicht. Die Dichte der Totholzstrukturen ist noch unzureichend, um den im Spessart reliktär vorhandenen, an Urwaldstrukturen gebundenen xylobionten Arten eine Wiederbesiedlung auf größerer Fläche zu ermöglichen. Inzwischen geht das Schutzkonzept der Bayrischen Staatsforsten (NEFT 2006) konsequent einen Schritt weiter, nämlich das Erreichen einer Gesamttotholzmenge von mindestens 40 m³ Totholz pro Hektar für über 140jährige Buchenbestände und Bestände älter als 180 gänzlich aus der Nutzung zu nehmen.Investigations were performed in the New Red Sandstone region of the High Spessart in north-west Bavaria (Lower Franconia District), which is famous for extensive beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests on historical woodland sites with continuous tradition of broadleaved tree-cover. Under cool-humid and mild-winter upland conditions (submontane/oceanic) the beech achieves its maximum competitive power and tends to form pure stands of acidic beech forest (Luzuloluzuloidis-Fagetum, upland-form). The main goal was to evaluate the effects of the Rothenbuch concept, only 15 years after its implementation, on the diversity of structures and biodiversity. For this purpose mature stands of Beech (located in Rothenbuch) managed according to the guidelines of the concept were compared with conventionally managed stands (located in Altenbuch). Targets of the concept are protection of trees occupied by eyries of tree-breeding birds, retention of at least 10 ecologically valuable trees per hectare, conservation and accumulation of an average 10 m3 dead wood of over 20 centimeters dbh per hectare (excluding stumps and canopy dead wood). Implementation of the concept in forest management follows the principle “before an old tree is removed, a balance must be made between the estimated yield of timber, silvicultural necessity and the trees ecologicalvalue”. In Rothenbuch and Altenbuch 30 grids of 1ha (bird study; rare forest structures with a clustered distribution) and 25 circular plots of 0.1ha (other groups and more frequent structures) were installed. Birds were surveyed at the time of incubation by quantitative grid mapping. Saproxylic beetles were sampled by flight-interception traps and time-based manual capture. Snails and wood-inhabiting fungi were surveyed by standardized collections on 15 of the 25 circular sample plots. Three null hypotheses were tested: (i) Rothenbuch concept has as yet had no effect on quality and quantity of lying and standing deadwood structures and habitat trees (ii) Rothenbuch concept has as yet had no effects on abundances and species richness of floral and faunal species indicator groups (iii) Rothenbuch concept has as yet had no effects on abundances and species richness of endangered species dependent on temporal continuity of tradition in habitats and structures The follow up study revealed no significant differences between the two sites in terms of the quantity of habitat trees (i.e. living trees with mulm- and rot-holes, rotten crown sections and dead knots, crevices etc.). However, we recorded increased deadwood resources at the Rothenbuch site: lying stems, standing snags and larger diameters. Consequently, more bird species and individuals were present there. We found a particularly pronounced difference in hole-nesters, whereas for birds linked to particular wood structures only a trend was observed. According to a species indicator analysis the following sensitive bird species were found to be significantly more frequent and constantly present at Rothenbuch: middle-spotted woodpecker, great tit, redbreast, grey woodpecker, pied and collared flycatcher, marsh tit and blackcap. On the other hand only common chaffinch proved to be a faithful species in Altenbuch. Species numbers and abundances of terrestrial molluscs and saproxylic beetles were also significantly increased at Rothenbuch, including endangered species listed in red-data books. Moreover, higher numbers of species and abundance of wood-inhabiting fungi were recorded. The results correlated with the increased deadwood resources in Rothenbuch. However, the unchanged low numbers of habitat trees and the lack of important indicator species prove that the period of 15 years was not sufficient for the appearance of habitat trees with suitable microstructures. The frequency of deadwood is furthermore still inadequate for a broader re-colonization by the scattered relict species of virgin forest which are considered to be closely associated with primeval structures and features. In the meantime the concept of the Bavarian state forestry organisation (NEFT 2006) has gone one step further in setting a target dead wood volume of at least 40 m3 per hectare for beech stands older than 140 years, and complete removal of stands older than 180 years from utilization

Vital Records of Cumberland, Maine 1701-1892

https://digitalmaine.com/cumberland_books/1000/thumbnail.jp

Revisiting inscriptions on the Investigator Tree on Sweers Island, Gulf of Carpentaria

The Investigator Tree, so named after Matthew Flinders’ ship HMS Investigator, is an inscribed tree currently on display in the Queensland Museum. Before being accessioned into the Queensland Museum’s collection in 1889, the Investigator Tree grew on the western shore of Sweers Island in the southern Gulf of Carpentaria. The tree’s “Investigator” inscription, attributed to Flinders (1802), provided the catalyst for future and varied forms of European inscription making on Sweers Island, including a contentious additional “Investigator” inscription on the Investigator Tree carved by Thomas Baines in 1856. Previous researchers have speculated that Baines’ second “Investigator” inscription has caused the faded original “Investigator” inscription to be misinterpreted as either a Chinese or Dutch inscription predating Flinders’ visit to Sweers Island. For the first time, this study undertakes a physical examination of all markings on the Investigator Tree, including a second portion of the tree located at the Queensland Museum since 2009. In combination with a review of the archival and historical record, findings provide alternative interpretations regarding the (28) inscriptions to address outstanding questions. Archival documents demonstrate that there were at least three inscribed trees on Sweers Island. This paper also revisits the possibility of there once being pre-Flinders inscriptions on the Investigator Tree

Alligator mississippiensis

Number of Pages: 14Integrative BiologyGeological Science

Larvas de nematoides encontradas em anfíbios no nordeste da Argentin

Five species of amphibians, Leptodactylus podicipinus, Scinax acuminatus, S. nasicus, Rhinella fernandezae and Pseudis paradoxa, were collected in Corrientes province, Argentina and searched for larval nematodes. All larval nematodes were found as cysts in the serous of the stomach of hosts. Were identified one superfamily, Seuratoidea; one genus, Spiroxys (Superfamily Gnathostomatoidea) and one family, Rhabdochonidae (Superfamily Thelazioidea). We present a description and illustrations of these taxa. These nematodes have an indirect life cycle and amphibians are infected by consuming invertebrate, the intermediate hosts. The genus Spiroxys and superfamily Seuratoidea were reported for the first time for Argentinean amphibians.Cinco espécies de anfíbios, Leptodactylus podicipinus, Scinax acuminatus, S. nasicus, Rhinella fernandezae e Pseudis paradoxa, foram coletadas na província de Corrientes, Argentina e pesquisadas para achar nematoides larvais. Todas as larvas foram encontradas como cisto na serosa do estômago dos hospedeiros. Foram identificadas uma superfamília, Seuratoidea, um gênero, Spiroxys (Superfamília Gnathostomatoidea) e uma família, Rhabdochonidae (Superfamília Thelazioidea). Apresentamos uma descrição e ilustrações dos táxons. Estes nematoides têm um ciclo de vida indireto e os anfíbios são infectados pelo consumo dos invertebrados, os hospedeiros intermediários. O gênero Spiroxys e a superfamília Seuratoidea são relatados pela primeira vez para anfíbios da Argentina.Fil: Gonzalez, Cynthya Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Hamann, Mónika Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; Argentin