Resource Management in a Peer to Peer Cloud Network for IoT

Software-Defined Internet of Things (SDIoT) is defined as merging heterogeneous objects in a form of interaction among physical and virtual entities. Large scale of data centers, heterogeneity issues and their interconnections have made the resource management a hard problem specially when there are different actors in cloud system with different needs. Resource management is a vital requirement to achieve robust networks specially with facing continuously increasing amount of heterogeneous resources and devices to the network. The goal of this paper is reviews to address IoT resource management issues in cloud computing services. We discuss the bottlenecks of cloud networks for IoT services such as mobility. We review Fog computing in IoT services to solve some of these issues. It provides a comprehensive literature review of around one hundred studies on resource management in Peer to Peer Cloud Networks and IoT. It is very important to find a robust design to efficiently manage and provision requests and available resources. We also reviewed different search methodologies to help clients find proper resources to answer their needs

УДОСКОНАЛЕНИЙ МЕТОД АВТОМАТИЧНОГО АКТИВНОГО АНАЛІЗУ ЗАХИЩЕНОСТІ КОРПОРАТИВНОЇ МЕРЕЖІ

The article proposes an improved method for automatic active analysis of corporate network security. This method is based on the synthesis of a mathematical model for analyzing the quantitative characteristics of the vulnerability validation process, a methodology for analyzing the quality of the validation mechanism for identified vulnerabilities in a corporate network, and a method for constructing a fuzzy knowledge base for making decisions when validating vulnerabilities of software and hardware platforms. In particular, the mathematical analysis model, which is based on Bernstein polynomials, allows describing the dynamics of the vulnerability validation process. A methodology for analyzing the quality of work is based on integral equations that take into account the quantitative characteristics of the investigated vulnerability validation mechanism at a certain point in time, which makes it possible to build laws for the distribution of quality indicators of the vulnerability validation process and quantitatively assess the quality of the validation mechanism for the identified vulnerabilities. The method of building a fuzzy knowledge base is based on the use of fuzzy logic which makes it possible to obtain reliable information about the quality of the vulnerability validation mechanism in an indirect way and allows the formation of final decision-making rules for the implementation of one or another attacking action during the active security analysis of corporate network. This allows, in contrast to existing approaches to automating active security analysis, to abstract from the conditions of dynamic changes in the environment, that is, the constant development of information technologies. This leads to an increase in the number of vulnerabilities and corresponding attack vectors, as well as to an increase in ready-to-use exploit vulnerabilities and their availability, taking into account only the quality parameters of the vulnerability validation process itself.В статье предложен усовершенствованный метод автоматического активного анализа защищенности корпоративной сети. В основу данного метода положен синтез математической модели анализа количественных характеристик процесса валидации уязвимостей, методики анализа качества работы механизма валидации выявленных уязвимостей корпоративной сети и метода построения нечеткой базы знаний для принятия решений при валидации уязвимостей программных и аппаратных платформ. В частности, математическая модель анализа основывается на полиномах Бернштейна и позволяет описать динамику процесса валидации уязвимостей. Методика анализа качества работы базируется на интегральных уравнениях, учитывающие количественные характеристики исследуемого механизма валидации уязвимостей в определенный момент времени, что позволяет строить законы распределения показателей качества процесса валидации уязвимостей и количественно оценивать качество работы механизма валидации выявленных уязвимостей. Метод построения нечеткой базы знаний базируется на использовании нечеткой логики, что в свою очередь, дает возможность обеспечить получение достоверной информации о качестве механизма валидации уязвимостей косвенным путем и позволяет формировать решающие правила принятия решений по реализации того или иного атакующего действия во время проведения активного анализа защищенности корпоративной сети. Это позволяет, в отличие от существующих подходов к автоматизации активного анализа защищенности, абстрагироваться от условий динамического изменения среды, то есть постоянного развития информационных технологий. Это приводит к росту количества уязвимостей и соответствующих векторов атак, а также росту готовых к использованию эксплойтов уязвимостей и их доступности, учитывая только параметры качества самого процесса валидации уязвимостей.У статті запропоновано удосконалений метод автоматичного активного аналізу захищеності корпоративної мережі. В основу даного методу покладено синтез математичної моделі аналізу кількісних характеристик процесу валідації вразливостей, методики аналізу якості роботи механізму валідації виявлених вразливостей корпоративної мережі та методу побудови нечіткої бази знань для прийняття рішень при валідації вразливостей програмних та апаратних платформ. Зокрема математична модель аналізу ґрунтується на поліномах Бернштейна та дозволяє описати динаміку процесу валідації вразливостей. Методика аналізу якості роботи базується на інтегральних рівняннях, що враховують кількісні характеристики досліджуваного механізму валідації вразливостей в певний момент часу, що дозволяє будувати закони розподілу показників якості процесу валідації вразливостей та кількісно оцінювати якість роботи механізму валідації виявлених вразливостей. Метод побудови нечіткої бази знань базується на використанні нечіткої логіки, що в свою чергу, дає можливість забезпечити отримання достовірної інформації про якість механізму валідації вразливостей непрямим шляхом та дозволяє формувати вирішальні правила прийняття рішень щодо реалізації тієї чи іншої атакуючої дії під час проведення активного аналізу захищеності корпоративної мережі. Це дозволяє, на відміну від існуючих підходів щодо автоматизації активного аналізу захищеності, абстрагуватися від умов динамічної зміни середовища, тобто постійного розвитку інформаційних технологій, що призводить до зростання кількості вразливостей та відповідних векторів атак, а також зростання готових до використання експлойтів вразливостей та їх доступності, і враховувати лише параметри якості самого процесу валідації вразливостей

IoT and Sensor Networks in Industry and Society

The exponential progress of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is one of the main elements that fueled the acceleration of the globalization pace. Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI) and big data analytics are some of the key players of the digital transformation that is affecting every aspect of human's daily life, from environmental monitoring to healthcare systems, from production processes to social interactions. In less than 20 years, people's everyday life has been revolutionized, and concepts such as Smart Home, Smart Grid and Smart City have become familiar also to non-technical users. The integration of embedded systems, ubiquitous Internet access, and Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications have paved the way for paradigms such as IoT and Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) to be also introduced in high-requirement environments such as those related to industrial processes, under the forms of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT or I2oT) and Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS). As a consequence, in 2011 the German High-Tech Strategy 2020 Action Plan for Germany first envisioned the concept of Industry 4.0, which is rapidly reshaping traditional industrial processes. The term refers to the promise to be the fourth industrial revolution. Indeed, the first industrial revolution was triggered by water and steam power. Electricity and assembly lines enabled mass production in the second industrial revolution. In the third industrial revolution, the introduction of control automation and Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) gave a boost to factory production. As opposed to the previous revolutions, Industry 4.0 takes advantage of Internet access, M2M communications, and deep learning not only to improve production efficiency but also to enable the so-called mass customization, i.e. the mass production of personalized products by means of modularized product design and flexible processes. Less than five years later, in January 2016, the Japanese 5th Science and Technology Basic Plan took a further step by introducing the concept of Super Smart Society or Society 5.0. According to this vision, in the upcoming future, scientific and technological innovation will guide our society into the next social revolution after the hunter-gatherer, agrarian, industrial, and information eras, which respectively represented the previous social revolutions. Society 5.0 is a human-centered society that fosters the simultaneous achievement of economic, environmental and social objectives, to ensure a high quality of life to all citizens. This information-enabled revolution aims to tackle today’s major challenges such as an ageing population, social inequalities, depopulation and constraints related to energy and the environment. Accordingly, the citizens will be experiencing impressive transformations into every aspect of their daily lives. This book offers an insight into the key technologies that are going to shape the future of industry and society. It is subdivided into five parts: the I Part presents a horizontal view of the main enabling technologies, whereas the II-V Parts offer a vertical perspective on four different environments. The I Part, dedicated to IoT and Sensor Network architectures, encompasses three Chapters. In Chapter 1, Peruzzi and Pozzebon analyse the literature on the subject of energy harvesting solutions for IoT monitoring systems and architectures based on Low-Power Wireless Area Networks (LPWAN). The Chapter does not limit the discussion to Long Range Wise Area Network (LoRaWAN), SigFox and Narrowband-IoT (NB-IoT) communication protocols, but it also includes other relevant solutions such as DASH7 and Long Term Evolution MAchine Type Communication (LTE-M). In Chapter 2, Hussein et al. discuss the development of an Internet of Things message protocol that supports multi-topic messaging. The Chapter further presents the implementation of a platform, which integrates the proposed communication protocol, based on Real Time Operating System. In Chapter 3, Li et al. investigate the heterogeneous task scheduling problem for data-intensive scenarios, to reduce the global task execution time, and consequently reducing data centers' energy consumption. The proposed approach aims to maximize the efficiency by comparing the cost between remote task execution and data migration. The II Part is dedicated to Industry 4.0, and includes two Chapters. In Chapter 4, Grecuccio et al. propose a solution to integrate IoT devices by leveraging a blockchain-enabled gateway based on Ethereum, so that they do not need to rely on centralized intermediaries and third-party services. As it is better explained in the paper, where the performance is evaluated in a food-chain traceability application, this solution is particularly beneficial in Industry 4.0 domains. Chapter 5, by De Fazio et al., addresses the issue of safety in workplaces by presenting a smart garment that integrates several low-power sensors to monitor environmental and biophysical parameters. This enables the detection of dangerous situations, so as to prevent or at least reduce the consequences of workers accidents. The III Part is made of two Chapters based on the topic of Smart Buildings. In Chapter 6, Petroșanu et al. review the literature about recent developments in the smart building sector, related to the use of supervised and unsupervised machine learning models of sensory data. The Chapter poses particular attention on enhanced sensing, energy efficiency, and optimal building management. In Chapter 7, Oh examines how much the education of prosumers about their energy consumption habits affects power consumption reduction and encourages energy conservation, sustainable living, and behavioral change, in residential environments. In this Chapter, energy consumption monitoring is made possible thanks to the use of smart plugs. Smart Transport is the subject of the IV Part, including three Chapters. In Chapter 8, Roveri et al. propose an approach that leverages the small world theory to control swarms of vehicles connected through Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication protocols. Indeed, considering a queue dominated by short-range car-following dynamics, the Chapter demonstrates that safety and security are increased by the introduction of a few selected random long-range communications. In Chapter 9, Nitti et al. present a real time system to observe and analyze public transport passengers' mobility by tracking them throughout their journey on public transport vehicles. The system is based on the detection of the active Wi-Fi interfaces, through the analysis of Wi-Fi probe requests. In Chapter 10, Miler et al. discuss the development of a tool for the analysis and comparison of efficiency indicated by the integrated IT systems in the operational activities undertaken by Road Transport Enterprises (RTEs). The authors of this Chapter further provide a holistic evaluation of efficiency of telematics systems in RTE operational management. The book ends with the two Chapters of the V Part on Smart Environmental Monitoring. In Chapter 11, He et al. propose a Sea Surface Temperature Prediction (SSTP) model based on time-series similarity measure, multiple pattern learning and parameter optimization. In this strategy, the optimal parameters are determined by means of an improved Particle Swarm Optimization method. In Chapter 12, Tsipis et al. present a low-cost, WSN-based IoT system that seamlessly embeds a three-layered cloud/fog computing architecture, suitable for facilitating smart agricultural applications, especially those related to wildfire monitoring. We wish to thank all the authors that contributed to this book for their efforts. We express our gratitude to all reviewers for the volunteering support and precious feedback during the review process. We hope that this book provides valuable information and spurs meaningful discussion among researchers, engineers, businesspeople, and other experts about the role of new technologies into industry and society

Energy Data Analytics for Smart Meter Data

The principal advantage of smart electricity meters is their ability to transfer digitized electricity consumption data to remote processing systems. The data collected by these devices make the realization of many novel use cases possible, providing benefits to electricity providers and customers alike. This book includes 14 research articles that explore and exploit the information content of smart meter data, and provides insights into the realization of new digital solutions and services that support the transition towards a sustainable energy system. This volume has been edited by Andreas Reinhardt, head of the Energy Informatics research group at Technische Universität Clausthal, Germany, and Lucas Pereira, research fellow at Técnico Lisboa, Portugal

Performance of management solutions and cooperation approaches for vehicular delay-tolerant networks

A wide range of daily-life applications supported by vehicular networks attracted the interest, not only from the research community, but also from governments and the automotive industry. For example, they can be used to enable services that assist drivers on the roads (e.g., road safety, traffic monitoring), to spread commercial and entertainment contents (e.g., publicity), or to enable communications on remote or rural regions where it is not possible to have a common network infrastructure. Nonetheless, the unique properties of vehicular networks raise several challenges that greatly impact the deployment of these networks. Most of the challenges faced by vehicular networks arise from the highly dynamic network topology, which leads to short and sporadic contact opportunities, disruption, variable node density, and intermittent connectivity. This situation makes data dissemination an interesting research topic within the vehicular networking area, which is addressed by this study. The work described along this thesis is motivated by the need to propose new solutions to deal with data dissemination problems in vehicular networking focusing on vehicular delay-tolerant networks (VDTNs). To guarantee the success of data dissemination in vehicular networks scenarios it is important to ensure that network nodes cooperate with each other. However, it is not possible to ensure a fully cooperative scenario. This situation makes vehicular networks suitable to the presence of selfish and misbehavior nodes, which may result in a significant decrease of the overall network performance. Thus, cooperative nodes may suffer from the overwhelming load of services from other nodes, which comprises their performance. Trying to solve some of these problems, this thesis presents several proposals and studies on the impact of cooperation, monitoring, and management strategies on the network performance of the VDTN architecture. The main goal of these proposals is to enhance the network performance. In particular, cooperation and management approaches are exploited to improve and optimize the use of network resources. It is demonstrated the performance gains attainable in a VDTN through both types of approaches, not only in terms of bundle delivery probability, but also in terms of wasted resources. The results and achievements observed on this research work are intended to contribute to the advance of the state-of-the-art on methods and strategies for overcome the challenges that arise from the unique characteristics and conceptual design of vehicular networks.O vasto número de aplicações e cenários suportados pelas redes veiculares faz com que estas atraiam o interesse não só da comunidade científica, mas também dos governos e da indústria automóvel. A título de exemplo, estas podem ser usadas para a implementação de serviços e aplicações que podem ajudar os condutores dos veículos a tomar decisões nas estradas, para a disseminação de conteúdos publicitários, ou ainda, para permitir que existam comunicações em zonas rurais ou remotas onde não é possível ter uma infraestrutura de rede convencional. Contudo, as propriedades únicas das redes veiculares fazem com que seja necessário ultrapassar um conjunto de desafios que têm grande impacto na sua aplicabilidade. A maioria dos desafios que as redes veiculares enfrentam advêm da grande mobilidade dos veículos e da topologia de rede que está em constante mutação. Esta situação faz com que este tipo de rede seja suscetível de disrupção, que as oportunidades de contacto sejam escassas e de curta duração, e que a ligação seja intermitente. Fruto destas adversidades, a disseminação dos dados torna-se um tópico de investigação bastante promissor na área das redes veiculares e por esta mesma razão é abordada neste trabalho de investigação. O trabalho descrito nesta tese é motivado pela necessidade de propor novas abordagens para lidar com os problemas inerentes à disseminação dos dados em ambientes veiculares. Para garantir o sucesso da disseminação dos dados em ambientes veiculares é importante que este tipo de redes garanta a cooperação entre os nós da rede. Contudo, neste tipo de ambientes não é possível garantir um cenário totalmente cooperativo. Este cenário faz com que as redes veiculares sejam suscetíveis à presença de nós não cooperativos que comprometem seriamente o desempenho global da rede. Por outro lado, os nós cooperativos podem ver o seu desempenho comprometido por causa da sobrecarga de serviços que poderão suportar. Para tentar resolver alguns destes problemas, esta tese apresenta várias propostas e estudos sobre o impacto de estratégias de cooperação, monitorização e gestão de rede no desempenho das redes veiculares com ligações intermitentes (Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Networks - VDTNs). O objetivo das propostas apresentadas nesta tese é melhorar o desempenho global da rede. Em particular, as estratégias de cooperação e gestão de rede são exploradas para melhorar e optimizar o uso dos recursos da rede. Ficou demonstrado que o uso deste tipo de estratégias e metodologias contribui para um aumento significativo do desempenho da rede, não só em termos de agregados de pacotes (“bundles”) entregues, mas também na diminuição do volume de recursos desperdiçados. Os resultados observados neste trabalho procuram contribuir para o avanço do estado da arte em métodos e estratégias que visam ultrapassar alguns dos desafios que advêm das propriedades e desenho conceptual das redes veiculares

Recent Advances in Social Data and Artificial Intelligence 2019

The importance and usefulness of subjects and topics involving social data and artificial intelligence are becoming widely recognized. This book contains invited review, expository, and original research articles dealing with, and presenting state-of-the-art accounts pf, the recent advances in the subjects of social data and artificial intelligence, and potentially their links to Cyberspace

Cifrado de llave pública utilizando mapas acoplados presentes en la naturaleza para generar cifrados resistentes a ataques cuánticos

Hoy en día, existe una gran necesidad de crear criptosistemas nuevos y robustos, debido a la amenaza que representa las arquitecturas cuánticas. Los sistemas dinámicos son prometedores en el desarrollo de sistemas criptográficos debido a la estrecha relación entre ellos y los requisitos criptográficos. La encriptación de dinámica distribuida (EDD) representa el primer método matemático para generar un criptosistema de llave pública basado en dinámicas caóticas. Sin embargo, se ha descrito que la propuesta EDD tiene un punto débil en el proceso de descifrado relacionado con la eficiencia y la practicidad. En este trabajo, adaptamos el EDD a un sistema caótico de baja dimensión para evaluar la debilidad y seguridad de la adaptación en un ejemplo realista. Específicamente, utilizamos un mapa acoplado logístico no simétrico, que tiene múltiples atractores caóticos y uno derivado de un sistema físico real, como son las oscilaciones alrededor de un agujero negro. Se creó una implementación completa con un costo computacional y una velocidad aceptables para EDD, lo cual es esencial porque proporciona un requisito criptográfico clave para los criptosistemas basados en el caos.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado::Ingeniería::Doctorado en Computación e Informátic

Design revolutions: IASDR 2019 Conference Proceedings. Volume 1: Change, Voices, Open

In September 2019 Manchester School of Art at Manchester Metropolitan University was honoured to host the bi-annual conference of the International Association of Societies of Design Research (IASDR) under the unifying theme of DESIGN REVOLUTIONS. This was the first time the conference had been held in the UK. Through key research themes across nine conference tracks – Change, Learning, Living, Making, People, Technology, Thinking, Value and Voices – the conference opened up compelling, meaningful and radical dialogue of the role of design in addressing societal and organisational challenges. This Volume 1 includes papers from Change, Voices and Open tracks of the conference