[v]at is going on? Local and global ideologies about Indian English

ABSTRACTThis article examines local and global language ideologies surrounding a particular phonetic feature in Indian English, the pronunciation of /v/ as [w]. By focusing on how local and global participants – both individuals and institutions – imagine language variation through disparate framings of “neutral” and “standard,” it highlights how processes of globalization and localization are interconnected, dialogic, and symbiotic. Compared are (i) sociolinguistic constructions of Indian cartoon characters, (ii) American “accent training” institutes, (iii) Indian call center and language improvement books, (iv) American speakers’ interpretations of merged IE speech, and, (v) IE speakers’ attitudes about IE, “neutral,” and ”standard” language. The relative social capital of these populations mediates both how each constructs its respective ideology about language variation, and how these ideologies dialogically interact with each other. (Language variation, language ideologies, dialogic, standard language)1</jats:p

Review essay: Disentangling feminisms from the cold war

Feminist thinkers have long argued for the centrality of sexuality, gender and women to the Cold War. They have critiqued the sexual language of ‘deep penetration’ and ‘orgasmic whumps’ used to describe nuclear arms race technology and argued that sexuality and gender were central to high‐level political decision‐making and everyday experiences of the conflict.1 Scholars have also begun to question the inverse relationship: they have used the politics of the Cold War as a lens into the history of feminist knowledge production itself. Kelly Coogan‐Gehr's 2011 monograph, for example, challenges conventional genealogies tracing feminist scholarship in the ‘West’ back to the ‘new social movements’ of the 1960s and to women's movements, in particular.2 She argues Cold War pressures have privileged certain ideologies (neoliberal capitalism) and knowledge producers (white women) at the expense of others (socialism, communism and black feminist thinkers) in the preeminent feminist journal, Signs, since its inception in 1975

Purism, Variation, Change and ‘Authenticity’: Ideological Challenges to Language Revitalisation

This paper is based on recent research into the small, highly endangered language Giernesiei 1 (Guernsey, Channel Islands). 2 Language documentation has found unexpectedly rich variation and change in Giernesiei usage, not all of which can be accounted for by regional and age-related factors. At the same time, our research into language ideologies and efforts to maintain and revitalise Giernesiei has revealed deep-seated purist or ‘traditionalist’ language attitudes that resist and deny language change. This nostalgic view of language and culture can hyper-valorise ‘authentic’ traditions (arguably reinvented 3 ) and can lead to reluctance to share Giernesiei effectively with younger generations who might ‘change the language’, despite an overt desire to maintain it. This mismatch between ideologies and practices can be seen at language festivals, in lessons for children, and in the experiences of adult learners who were interviewed as part of a British Academy-funded project. I present a taxonomy of reactions to variation in Giernesiei, which confirms and extends the findings of Jaffe 4 in Corsica. I also discuss recent revitalisation efforts that try to bring together older and ‘new’ speakers and promote the role of adult learners and ‘re-activate’ semi-speakers. The findings support the view that full evaluation of language vitality should include documenting the processes and ideologies of language revitalisation. 5 ,

Ideology in Translating Cultural Words on Ahmad Fuadi's "Negeri 5 Menara" into "The Land of Five Towers" by Angie Kilbane

The thesis is entitled Ideology in Translating Cultural Words on Ahmad Fuadi's Negeri 5 Menara into the Land of Five Towers by Angie Kilbane. There are two objectives; finding the translation technique used in translating the cultural words found in the novel, and finding the mostly used ideology in translating the cultural words through translation technique. The data is collected and analyzed using documentation method and qualitative method because the main sources of this research are texts. There are two main sources; the novels Negeri 5 Menara and the Land of Five Towers. The Indonesian is the source language text and the English is the target language text. The collected data were analyzed through following steps; editing and comparing the cultural words between the Indonesian and the English, classifying the translation techniques of the cultural words, classifying the ideology according to the translation techniques used. There are 347 cultural words with different techniques of translation found in the novels. There are 9 techniques of translation applied by the translator; amplification (27 cultural words), borrowing (88 cultural words), calque (46 cultural words), description (20 cultural words), discursive creation (5 cultural words); established equivalent (140 cultural words); generalization (18 cultural words); modulation (1 cultural word), reduction (2 cultural words). Among those 9 techniques of translation, there are 3 techniques of translation which are oriented towards source language text; amplification, borrowing, calque, and 6 techniques of translation which are oriented towards the target text; description, discursive creation, established equivalent, generalization, modulation, and reduction. From those techniques of translation, it can be concluded that the most frequently used ideology in translating cultural words into the Land of Five Towers is domestification with 186 data (53,60%). Meanwhile, there are 161 data which are translated using foreignization (46,40%). Both ideologies are used pretty equal with the different of only 25 data (7,20%) which is very slight, meaning that the translator is trying to find the middle point between the two ideologies. By identifying the ideologies, the researcher found that there are two factors affecting the application of those ideologies; cultural differences and translator preference

NEWSPAPER IDEOLOGY: CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON 2002 BALI BOMBING AND PAPUA CONFLICT REPORTED BY SYDNEY MORNING HERALD

SMH is written with social, cultural and ideological context of Australian societies so what is written in thenewspaper is the reflections of Australia’s views towards certain issues it is reported, therefore, as one ofthe influential Australian printed mass media, SMH is assumed to view the issues in Indonesia such asPapua Conflict and 2002 Bali Bombings from its particular point of view. This research paper, hence, isaimed at describing, interpreting and explaining the ideology represented in the lexical choices, used inSMH. To uncover those ideologies, Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Halliday’sSystemic functional Grammar (SFG) were used. There are two allotments of social actors described in thisresearch, the Out groups who are those of having different point of view from the SMH in examining theissues and the In groups who have the same point of view as the media at looking at the issues. The researchfindings show that mostly the Out groups were evaluated negatively. This evaluation is as the reflection ofAustralia’s different ideologies from Indonesia, its interest towards Indonesia particularly Papua,Australia’s anxiety towards JI movement and it’s sensitivity that JI is considered as a threat for Australiaand its assets

Centering the Marginalized Identities of Immigrant Students of Color in the Literacy Classroom

The widespread degradation of immigrant communities of color in the Unites States has made the correlation between racial and linguistic discrimination increasingly clear. This paper describes some of the ways that the co-construction of race and language, or raciolinguistic ideologies (Flores & Rosa, 2015), further marginalize children of immigrant communities in schools. Attention is particularly drawn to literacy classrooms of all grades, where students’ linguistic identities are pushed aside as monolingual middle-class White language practices set the standards for reading, listening, speaking, and writing instruction. The author calls for educators to embrace translanguaging (García, 2009) as a way to dismantle raciolinguistic hierarchies at the classroom level. Concrete examples of how a translanguaging approach can be implemented to center the identities of immigrant children and children of immigrant families in literacy classrooms are provided.Educatio

Migrants' minority-language newspeakerism: The pervasiveness of nation-state monolingual regimes in transnational contexts

From a critical sociolinguistics perspective, this paper investigates processes of minority-language newspeakerism among 23 migrants from heterogeneous socioeconomic and language backgrounds. Informants networked in a cybercafé and a bench in Catalonia, a European society with a majority and a minority language, Spanish and Catalan. Drawing on audio-recorded interviews, naturally-occurring interactions and four-year ethnographic data, I analyze how informants' language practices and ideologies interplay with self-/other-ascribed Catalan newspeakerhood. The results show that migrants do not envision themselves as Catalan newspeakers. They employ ethnicist constructions of Catalan as 'the locals'' language, and inhabit fluid identities whereby 'Catalanness' is vindicated through global Spanish. They invest in Spanish newspeakerhood instead, presenting Spanish as the language of 'integration'. I conclude that newspeakerism contributes to understanding migrants' roles in the linguistic conflicts of minority-language societies; particularly, the ways in which they invest in majority languages, following nation-state monolingual regimes which pervade as gatekeepers to post-national citizenship.Amb un enfocament sociolingüístic crític, aquest article investiga processos de nouparlantisme en una llengua minoritària entre 23 immigrants amb perfils lingüístics heterogenis, en un locutori i un banc a Catalunya, una societat europea amb dues llengües: el castellà, majoritari; i el català, minoritari. Mitjançant entrevistes, converses espontànies i quatre anys d’observació etnogràfica, analitzo com les pràctiques i ideologies lingüístiques dels informants interactuen amb identitats d’auto-/hetero-categorització catalanoparlant. Els resultats mostren que els immigrants no es perceben com a nouparlants del català, construït en termes etnicistes com a llengua «autòctona», i habiten identitats fluïdes amb què promouen una «catalanitat» en castellà global. S’impliquen, així, en el nouparlantisme castellà com a vehicle «d’integració». Concloc que el nouparlantisme permet entendre els rols dels immigrants en els conflictes lingüístics de societats amb llengües minoritzades; especialment la manera com adopten llengües majoritàries seguint els règims monolingües dels estats-nació que perduren com a garants de ciutadania post-nacional

Linguagem e gênero em propostas à Constituinte

Comunicação apresentada no V Encontro Nacional da ANPOLL, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 1990.In this paper, I analyse a corpus of women's proposals to the 1988 Brazilian Constitution. These written texts show linguistic traces associated with heterogeneous orders of discourse. We can interpret in them meanings associated with womens struggle for social and political identity. In addition, we can find men's presuppositions carrying naturalized ideologies proper to patriarchal society. At the end of the paper, 1 comment on the need to develop Criticai Language Awareness in Brazilian women

Language (Technology) is Power: A Critical Survey of "Bias" in NLP

We survey 146 papers analyzing "bias" in NLP systems, finding that their motivations are often vague, inconsistent, and lacking in normative reasoning, despite the fact that analyzing "bias" is an inherently normative process. We further find that these papers' proposed quantitative techniques for measuring or mitigating "bias" are poorly matched to their motivations and do not engage with the relevant literature outside of NLP. Based on these findings, we describe the beginnings of a path forward by proposing three recommendations that should guide work analyzing "bias" in NLP systems. These recommendations rest on a greater recognition of the relationships between language and social hierarchies, encouraging researchers and practitioners to articulate their conceptualizations of "bias"---i.e., what kinds of system behaviors are harmful, in what ways, to whom, and why, as well as the normative reasoning underlying these statements---and to center work around the lived experiences of members of communities affected by NLP systems, while interrogating and reimagining the power relations between technologists and such communities