Compatibility of Breeding Techniques in Organic Systems

Introduction The rapid development of genetic engineering techniques is leading to a level of genetic disruption never experienced before. In order to safeguard organic integrity and to ensure organic food will continue to meet the highest consumer expectations in this challenging situation, IFOAM - Organics International is proposing a number of measures to be put in place to further fortify and enhance the organic sector’s available genetic resources. This position paper provides clarity and transparency on the criteria used by the organic sector as to what breeding techniques are compatible with organic systems, which techniques to exclude, and definitions on what should be considered as genetic engineering and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). We further differentiate between the criteria relevant for organic breeding as defined in the IFOAM – Organics International norms, versus the criteria for cultivars and breeds derived from nonorganic breeding programs regarding their compatibility for the use in commercial organic production and processing. The following experts are members of the IFOAM Working Group on New Plant Breeding Techniques: Michael Glos, Monika Messmer, Gebhard Rossmanith, Gunter Backes, Michael Sligh, Adrian Rodriguez-Burruezo, Heli Matilainen, Andre Leu, Louise Luttikholt, Helen Jensen, Eric Gall, Chito Medina, Krishna Prasad, Kirsten Arp

Techniques of Translating Thesis Abstracts of Economics Department Students in Medan State University

The study deals with the techniques of translation on thesis abstracts inEconomics Department. The objectives of study were to identify the types oftranslation techniques, to find out the most dominant type of translationtechniques used, and to describe the reasons of the translation techniques used intranslating thesis abstract. The study used descriptive qualitative design.Nazir(1998: 34) states that descriptive qualitative is a method of research thatmakes the description of the situation of events or occurrences clearer. It isunderstood that descriptive qualitative is a method of research which provides thedescription of situation, events or occurrences, so this method is an intention toaccumulate the basic data. Qualitative research involves analysis of data such aswords and phrases written in abstracts. The data were taken from twentytranslated thesis abstracts of Economic Department. The findings show that therewere eight techniques of eighteen techniques used in thesis abstracts. The mostdominant type of translation techniques was established equivalent due to thetranslator intention to avoid misunderstanding by using the dictionaries andparticular equivalent known by target language. It is recommended that in doingany translation, the most essential thing is to keep the meaning or the message ofthe source language remains the same when it is being translated into the targetlanguage

Deep Breathing Relaxation Techniques Improve Emotional Control on Tuberculosis Patients

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Tuberculosis Mycobacterium. Based on WHO report in 2014, the world population suffering from tuberculosis were 9.6 million people while in Indonesia it was amounted 324 539 people. Tuberculosis patients have a tendency to experience emotional disturbance due to the illness. A deep breathing relaxation is a nursing action for controlling emotions of tuberculosis patients. The study design is quasi-experimental design with one group pre-test-post-test. Data were collected by using a questionnaire adapted from Gross and John (2003). Data were analyzed using paired t test. The results of this research is deep breathing relaxation technique is effective to control emotions of tuberculosis patients with p value = 0,001

Enhancement of reliability in condition monitoring techniques in wind turbines

The majority of electrical failures in wind turbines occur in the semiconductor components (IGBTs) of converters. To increase reliability and decrease the maintenance costs associated with this component, several health-monitoring methods have been proposed in the literature. Many laboratory-based tests have been conducted to detect the failure mechanisms of the IGBT in their early stages through monitoring the variations of thermo-sensitive electrical parameters. The methods are generally proposed and validated with a single-phase converter with an air-cored inductive or resistive load. However, limited work has been carried out considering limitations associated with measurement and processing of these parameters in a three-phase converter. Furthermore, looking at just variations of the module junction temperature will most likely lead to unreliable health monitoring as different failure mechanisms have their own individual effects on temperature variations of some, or all, of the electrical parameters. A reliable health monitoring system is necessary to determine whether the temperature variations are due to the presence of a premature failure or from normal converter operation. To address this issue, a temperature measurement approach should be independent from the failure mechanisms. In this paper, temperature is estimated by monitoring an electrical parameter particularly affected by different failure types. Early bond wire lift-off is detected by another electrical parameter that is sensitive to the progress of the failure. Considering two separate electrical parameters, one for estimation of temperature (switching off time) and another to detect the premature bond wire lift-off (collector emitter on-state voltage) enhance the reliability of an IGBT could increase the accuracy of the temperature estimation as well as premature failure detection

Blood Protein Binding of Cyclosporine in Transplant Patients

The objective of this study was to compare the binding of cyclosporine to blood proteins between four healthy subjects and five liver and eight renal transplant patients. Fresh heparinized blood was obtained, to which sufficient quantities of tritium-labelled cyclosporine and unlabelled cyclosporine were added to blood samples or red blood cell (RBC) suspensions. Concentrations of cyclosporine in whole blood, plasma, RBC suspension, and phosphate buffer were estimated by liquid scintigraphy. The blood:plasma ratio of cyclosporine in transplant patients was significantly lower (P < .05) than that in healthy volunteers. The RBC:buffer ratio, a measure of affinity of RBCs for cyclosporine, was highest in those with liver transplants and lowest in those with kidney transplants. The unbound fraction of cyclosporine in plasma was less in transplant patients than in healthy volunteers. The results of this study indicate that there are differences in blood protein binding of cyclosporine between transplant patients that may contribute to the differences in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of this drug

RADOME ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES

Radar Dome, or usually called Radome, is usually placed over the antenna as an antenna protector from any physical thing that can break it. Ideally, radome does not degrade antenna performance. In fact, it may change antenna performance and cause several effects, such as boresight error, changing antenna side lobe level and depolarization. The antenna engineer must take stringent analysis to estimate the changes of performance due to placing radome. Methods in the analysis using fast receiving formulation based on Lorentz reciprocity and Geometrical Optics. The radome has been tilted for some angle combinations in azimuth and elevation with respect to the antenna under test in order to get the difference responses. From the results of measuring and analyzing the radome, it can be concluded that radome can change the antenna performance, including boresight shift, null fill-in and null shifting for difference signals, and changing antenna radiation pattern. In the CATR measurement with two reflectors, the extraneous signal which originates from feed is minimized by adding absorber at the side of the feed. Several things that affect to the accuracy of the simulation program are extraneous signal, loss tangent uncertainty, diffraction, and dielectric uncertainty and inhomogeneity. Key Words: Radome, CATR, Antenna, Boresight Erro