Micropropagation of Chinese Plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) Using Mature Stem Segments

An effective in vitro culture system for mature stem segments of Chinese plum (Prunus salicina Lindl. cv. ‘Gulf-ruby’) was established. The nodal segments of 1 cm were cut from young shoots in open field, sterilized and established in vitro. The successfully induced culture was achieved on woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 0.05-0.1 mg/l IBA, 0.5-1.0 mg/l BA, 30 g/l glucose, 5 g/l agar and 1.0 g/l Vc. The successful shoot multiplication was achieved on WPM with 0.05-0.1 mg/l IBA, 0.2 mg/l BA, 0.3 mg/l KT and 1.0 g/l casein hydrolysate. Elongation of the shoot in vitro was facilitated on WPM with 0.05 mg/l IBA, 0.3 mg/l KT/BA and 1.0 g/l casein hydrolysate. The shoots from microcuttings were rooted in 1/2 MS (half strength MS) supplemented with 0.2-0.5 mg/l IBA, 15 g/l sucrose and 20-40 mg/l phloroglucinol (PG). Regenerated shoots successfully acclimatized to greenhouse conditions and grew vigorously with no apparent phenotypic aberrations

Pest risk assessment of Monilinia fruticola for the EU territory and identification and evaluation of risk management options

The EFSA Panel on Plant Health has delivered a pest risk assessment on the risk posed by Monilinia fructicola to the EU territory and has identified risk management options and evaluated their effectiveness in reducing the risk to plant health posed by this organism. The Panel has also analysed the effectiveness of the special requirements presently listed in Annex IV, Part A, Section I of Council Directive 2000/29/EC, in reducing the risk of introduction of this pest into the EU territory. The Panel concluded that the main pathways for entry into the EU territory are plant material for propagation purposes and fruit of host genera and that, with the exception of dried fruit, the probability of entry is very likely. The probability of establishment is also very likely due to the suitable environmental conditions and to the widespread presence of host species, susceptible for most of the year, on most of the risk assessment area. Cultural practices and control measures currently applied and competition with other Monilinia species cannot prevent the establishment of M. fructicola. The probability of spread is very likely because of the multiple ways of dispersal of the pest. The overall impact in the endangered area is estimated to be moderate. Neither additional cultural measures nor increased fungicide treatments would be needed to control of brown rot in the orchard after the introduction of M. fructicola

The application of multiplex fluorimetric sensor for the analysis of flavonoids content in the medicinal herbs family Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae

BACKGROUND: The aim of our research work was to quantify total flavonoid contents in the leaves of 13 plant species family Asteraceae, 8 representatives of family Lamiaceae and 9 plant species belonging to familyRosaceae, using the multiplex fluorimetric sensor. Fluorescence was measured using optical fluorescence apparatus Multiplex(R) 3 (Force-A, France) for non-destructive flavonoids estimation. The content of total flavonoids was estimated by FLAV index (expressed in relative units), that is deduced from flavonoids UV absorbing properties. RESULTS: Among observed plant species, the highest amount of total flavonoids has been found in leaves ofHelianthus multiflorus (1.65 RU) and Echinops ritro (1.27 RU), Rudbeckia fulgida (1.13 RU) belonging to the family Asteraceae. Lowest flavonoid content has been observed in the leaves of marigold (Calendula officinalis) (0.14 RU) also belonging to family Asteraceae. The highest content of flavonoids among experimental plants of family Rosaceae has been estimated in the leaves of Rosa canina (1.18 RU) and among plant species of family Lamiaceae in the leaves of Coleus blumei (0.90 RU). CONCLUSIONS: This research work was done as pre-screening of flavonoids content in the leaves of plant species belonging to family Asteraceae, Lamiaceae and Rosaceae. Results indicated that statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) in flavonoids content were observed not only between families, but also among individual plant species within one family

Скринінг рослин з антиоксидантною та геномопротекторною активністю

The results of screening model researches of the mechanisms of action of plant extracts, which were not in common use as medicinal till now, on the oxidization of lipids in fractions of animal liver chromatine are presented. The antioxidant and genom protective properties of plants (Cerasus tomentosa, Schizandra chinensis, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Chaenomeles japonica, Actinidia kolomikta, Ziziphus jujuba, Morus alba, Cydonia obJonga, Viburnum opulus, Cornus mas, Elaeagnus multiflora, Pastinaca sativa) specify the successful subsequent investigations with the purpose to use the preparations of these plants in different branches of medicine, including sport medicine, where they can be ergogenic remedies

Hidrolati - nusproizvodi prilikom destilacije etarskih ulja - hemijski sastav, biološka aktivnost i mogućnosti upotrebe

Hydrolates, also referred to as hydrosols, floral or distillate waters, as well as aromatic waters, are produced in the same isolation process with essential oils by steam distillation. A small amount of essential oil constituents is dissolved in hydrolates providing specific organoleptic properties and flavor, as well as biological activity which makes them useful as raw material in many industries. Their popularity is still on the rise, especially in aromatherapy. The objective in this review is to analyze the chemical compositions of hydrolates and their corresponding essential oils, as well as biological activity of hydrolates (antimicrobial, antioxidant and antiinflamatory) and potential uses, not only in food industry for flavoring, and preservation of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables, but also as functional (soft) drinks. However, hydrolates can be used in aromatherapy and cosmetics, as well as in organic agriculture and aquaculture.Hidrolati, koji se takođe nazivaju i hidrosoli, cvetne ili aromatične vode, kao i destilati, proizvode se u procesu destilacije etarskih ulja vodenom parom. Mala količina etarskog ulja nalazi se rastvorena u hidrolatima dajući im specifične organoleptičke osobine i ukus, kao i biološku aktivnost, što ih čini korisnim kao sirovinu u mnogim industrijama. Njihova popularnost poslednjih godina raste, posebno u aromaterapiji. Cilj ovog preglednog rada je da se analizira hemijski sastav hidrolata i njihovih etarskih ulja, kao i biološku aktivnost hidrolata (antimikrobna, antioksidativna i antiinflamatorna), ali i mogućnosti upotrebe, ne samo u prehrambenoj industriji kao prirodnih aroma i konzervanasa sveže isečenog voća i povrća, ali i funkcionalnih (bezalkoholnih) napitaka. Takođe, hidrolat i mogu da se koriste u aromaterapiji i kozmetici kao i u organskoj poljoprivredi i ribarstvu

Traditional Use of Medicinal Plants in Afghanistan with Special Respect to Faryab, Jowzjan and Sar-e Pol Provinces

Afghanistan is located in the south west of the Asian continent with an area of 652,089 km2 between 29°30'-38°30' N latitude and 60°30'-74°50' E longitude. This country is very mountainous with snowy peaks of the Hindu Kush up to ca. 7000 m and other high mountains, deeply eroded valleys, inter-montane basins, high plateaus and wide pediments characterize the general topography. The mountains are surrounded by deserts in the south and north of the country. These geomorphological features (“geodiversity”) are responsible for a wide variety of ecological different sites leading to a high plant species diversity of both bryophytes and vascular plants. Estimates show about 5,000 species and c. 25% of endemism in the country. The traditional use of medicinal plants in Afghanistan has a long history. Afghanistan traditional medicine (ATM) includes a wide variety of therapeutic methods and medicinal preparations that can be attributed to the influence of Persian, Arab, and Indian Ayurvedic, medicine. The local use of wild-collected plants as food, medicine and/or cosmetics is also common. But information on the uses of plants as traditional medicines has not been documented from various areas of the country such as the selected provinces. Due to the lack of modern health facilities, dependence on plants for medicine is very high; hence there is need to document medicinal plants used in traditional medicine. In Afghanistan, a lot of traditional and folk antimicrobial agents have been used, although the active compounds and their mechanisms still remain unclear. According to the mentioned issues, this research project has been conducted with the objectives to identify and document medicinal plants which are used in traditional medicine and folk medicine of selected areas, and also to evaluate reports for traditional use and make a selection of the most important medicinal plants in the selected provinces. The provinces of Faryab, Jowzjan, and Sar-e Pol in the northern zone of Afghanistan were selected as the areas included in this study. In order to achieve the expected objectives, information on the uses of plants as traditional and folk medicine from selected areas have been documented via structured ethnobotanical interviews with the informants by special questionnaire sheets regarding to the research. In total, this research includes 1228 questionnaires. The plants also have been photographed and collected for botanical description. The information has been entered in a specific data bank and has been statistically analyzed to gain significant results. Finally, the obtained results have been compared with reliable scientific references about the medicinal plants of Afghanistan and their traditional uses in Afghanistan and have been discussed. The results and findings of this research show that the majority of the informants are men (88.11%) and elderly (77.45% ˃ 30 years old). Also, the majority of these people have permanent residence in that area (77.93%), and in terms of education, a significant percentage of participants are illiterate (31.60%) or have bachelor's degrees (23.45%) and twelve passes (12.54%). A large percentage of participants are farmers/gardeners (20.59%), herbal medicine practitioners (18.41%) or sellers of medicinal herbs (16.40%). In this research, after analyzing the collected information by the questionnaires, I found that the participants traditionally use 239 species of medicinal plants. Among these species, the most important medicinal plants that are commonly used by participants are; Achillea filipendulina Lam., Achillea wilhelmsii K. Koch, Aerva javanica (Burm.f.) Schult., Allium cepa L., Allium sativum L., Althaea officinalis L., Alcea rosea L., Anethum graveolens L., Anthemis tinctoria L., Apium graveolens L., Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. (Prunus armeniaca L.), Arnebia euchroma (Royle) I.M. Johnst., Artemisia spp., Berberis integerrima Bunge, Borago officinalis L., Brassica napus L., Centaurea behen L., Chamaecrista absus (L.) H.S. Irwin + Barneby, Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert (Matricaria recutita L., M. chamomilla L.), Cichorium intybus L., Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume, Citrus limon L., Coriandrum sativum L., Crocus sativus L., Cucurbita pepo L., Cuminum cyminum L., Curcuma longa L., Descurainia sophia (L.) Prantl, Dorema aucheri Boiss., Ephedra spp., Ferula assa-foetida L., Ferula sp., Ficus carica L., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Fumaria parviflora Lam. (+F. vaillantii Loisel.), Glycine max L., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Helianthus annuus L., Hordeum vulgare L., Juglans regia L., Lactuca sativa L., Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Linum usitatissimum L., Medicago sativa L., Mentha spp. (M. longifolia (L.) L. + M. pulegium L.), Mentha spp. (M. x piperita L. + M. spicata L.), Mix (Carum copticum L.+ Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), Morus alba L., Nigella sativa L., Ocimum basilicum L., Olea europaea L., Orchis mascula (L.) L., Papaver somniferum L., Peganum harmala L., Pistacia vera L., Plantago psyllium L., Plantago spp. (P. lanceolata L. + P. major L.), Portulaca oleracea L., Prunus cerasus L., most likely Rheum sp., Rosa x damascena Herrm., Salvia officinalis L., salvia rhytidea Benth., Sesamum indicum L., Solanum tuberosum L., Spinacia oleracea L., Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg., Terminalia chebula Retz., Urtica dioica L., Vicia faba L., Vitis vinifera L., Zea mays L., Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Based on this research, the mentioned plants belong to 78 families with the main families being Fabaceae (23 spp.), Asteraceae (19 spp.), Apiaceae (17 spp.), Lamiaceae (16 spp.), Rosaceae (15 spp.), Brassicaceae (8 spp.), Solanaceae (8 spp.), Poaceae (8 spp.), Cucurbitaceae (7 spp.), Malvaceae (7 spp.), Polygonaceae (5 spp.) and Zingiberaceae (5 spp.). Most of the medicinal plants used by the participants are native/endemic (75.98%) and some others are imported. Most of the plants used are collected from wild sources (48.86%) rather than from agricultural sources. The use of plants’ leaves is in the first degree, thus the seeds, flowers, roots, fruits, stems and other parts of the plant are in the next degrees by the informants. The main preparation method of medicinal plant parts for remedy is decoction/cooking followed by powdering/grinding, infusion and other methods. The most important time of usage is postprandial, and thus, with meal and pre-prandial are in the next degrees. The findings of this study show that the participants use most medicinal plants for digestive system disorders, and thus the use of medicinal plants for cardiovascular problems, skin/mucosal illnesses, nervous system disorders, musculoskeletal ailments, urinary/genital system diseases, respiratory system problems, liver/biliary diseases, microbial infections and fever is located in the next degrees. Some of those medicinal plants are also used for cancerous diseases or tumors by the participants. In summary, traditional use of medicinal plants in the areas under study is extensive and the informants are traditionally used 239 species of medicinal plants, which belong to 78 families, in various diseases and problems, especially gastrointestinal disorders

Acclimatization physiology in tissue cultured plants

Physiological and morphological aspects of acclimatization were studied in cultured tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), banana (Musa accuminata L.) and date palm (Phoenix dactyli/era ). The nutrient availability from agar solidified culture medium was determined to establish the nutrient status of the cultured plandets before transfer to ex vitro conditions. Analysis of the plant tissues demonstrated decreasing tissue concentrations of the major elements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with decreasing concentration of basal salts in the medium. The effects of agar and increasing sodium concentration in the culture medium was studied in cultured banana plants. Plandets grown on agar solidified medium with increased levels of sodium, exhibited reduced growth and stomatal movement. The use of agar as a solidifying agent was shown to reduce root growth, development and stomatal functioning in these plants. The efficiency of ion and water uptake, and translocation in in vitro and acclimatized tomato plants was assessed using [32P]-orthophosphate and [3H]_ tritiated water. The functional capacity of the root system fOlmed in vitro was established, and assessed following acclimatization treatments at 40% and 80% relative humidity. Comparative studies with tomato seedlings demonstrated reduced efficiency of ion translocation to the shoot in plandets growing in vitro. However, transport to the shoot improved during acclimatization. Ion absorption studies on in vitro and acclimatized palm plants demonstrated phosphate uptake and translocation in both plant types. A detailed examination of the tissue structure through the root/shoot junction and roots of · cultured, acclimatized and seedling tomato plants illustrated differences in the vascular development between the three plant types. However, no major abnormalities were observed which could have accounted for the reduced translocation efficiency in the cultured plants. Increased vascularization present in the root/shoot junction of the cultured plants may increase resistance to the transpiration flow through the region. The type of root system produced in vitro and the root/shoot ratio was manipulated using varying IAA and sucrose treatments. Improved root development and plantlet survival rates were achieved by reduced exposure to IAA during the root initiation phase followed by root elongation on IAA free medium supplemented with sucrose. Acclimatization at low relative humidity (40%) was achieved by producing plandets with balanced root/shoot ratios and a well developed root system

Physiological studies in acclimatization of in vitro tobacco plantlets

1992 Spring.Covers not scanned.Includes bibliographical references.Two acclimatization methods of in vitro tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum 'Wisconsin 38') plantlets (IVP) were studied for their physiological effects upon plantlet response to transplanting: 1) the use of osmotica in rooting medium such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or salts (NaCl + CaCl2) at different concentrations and durations, and 2) the use of semipermeable closures (SPC) which improves gas permeability of culture vessels. Concentrations of 1.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 10.0% and 15.0% PEG reduced water loss of detached leaves but affected growth adversely especially when above [5%] and 6-day-duration. PEG treatments induced epicuticular wax (EW) build-up and were related to reduced rates of water loss. Salt treatments reduced water loss at 1.5 and 2.0% over control but caused undesirable growth characteristics. Leaf diffusive resistance of PEG-treated plants was reduced prior to transplanting and remained lower than that of control. Stomates of IVPs had slower response to reduced humidity and darkness than greenhouse and PEG-treated plants. The SPC-treated cultures had 2.5 times more evapotranspiration, 2% less relative humidity (RH) and 3 times less medium and plantlet leaf water potential than B-cap-treated cultures. SPC treatments increased plantlet EW by 35%, reduced water loss by 60%, increased plantlet dry weights, reduced wilting injury and increased initial relative growth rates as compared to B-cap treatments. Photosynthetic rates of in vitro plantlets were reduced at RH lower than 80- 90%. SPC improved photosynthetic rates under desiccating conditions by reducing initial conductance and transpiration. Photosynthetic rates of IVPs from both closure treatments were comparable to those of greenhouse plants at high humidity. Stomates of plantlets from both treatments did not respond to [CO2] and darkness compared to stomatal responses of greenhouse plants. Chlorophyll content was increased in the SPC over B-cap plantlets. Better gas exchange of SPC was observed as indicated by CO2 accumulation. Although both osmotica and closure treatments reduced moisture loss in detached leaves of IVPs to levels comparable to those of greenhouse plants, the moisture loss curves deviated from normal bi-phasal shape indicating lack of normal stomatal functioning

Shoot Regeneration, in Vitro Performances of Regenerated Shoots and Transient Expression in Morphogenic Explants in Prunus avium cultivar 'Burlat C1'

Biotechnology may represent alternative ways to genetic improvement of sweet cherry exploiting somaclonal variation and genetic transformation. In this paper a method to induce efficient shoot regeneration from somatic explants of \u2018Burlat C1\u2019 is reported: 52.0 % caulogenesis was obtained from basal callus formed after culturing shoot apical portions in the dark. Considering the significant onset of adventitious shoots showing variegated leaves their in vitro performances have been evaluated as compared to green (normal) shoots. The influence of cefotaxime, cefotaxime plus vancomycin and timentin was assessed both for decontamination and regeneration efficiency prior transforming morphogenic masses with A. tumefaciens (C58C1 pDN3514), carrying the rolABC genes from A. rhizogenes, p35GUS-intron visible marker and nptII antibiotic resistance gene. GUS test indicated the presence of transient expression in shoot primordia nevertheless it was not possible to recover transgenic shoots probably due to the formation of chimeric meristem

The Uniaxial And Coaxial Electrospun Nanofiber Encapsulation Of Sour Cherry (prunus Cerasus L.) Anthocyanins And Their In Vitro Bioaccessibility

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2016Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2016Vişne (Prunus cerasus L.), dünya çapında tüketilen ve içerdiği biyoaktif bileşikler insan vücudunu hastalıklara karşı korur. Vişne polifenoller bakımından iyi bir kaynak olmasına rağmen, polifenollerin zorlu çevresel şartlara karşı korunması ve biyoerişilebilirliğinin iyileştirilmesi çok önemlidir. Literatürde, polifenollere korunması amacıyla çok sayıda enkapsülasyon teknikleri uygulanmıştır ancak elektroeğirme yöntemi ile enkapsülasyon çalışılmamıştır. Buna ek olarak, enkapsülasyonu yapılmış biyoaktif bileşenlerin in vitro sindirim ve biyoerişilebilirliği ile bilgiler oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, vişnenin antosiyaninleri ve diğer fenolik bileşenlerinin elektroeğirme yöntemiyle jelatin ve jelatin ve laktalbumin karışımı ile enkapsülasyonunu yapmak ve biyoerişilebilirliğini incelemektir. Vişne polifenollerinin elektroeğirme yöntemiyle enkapsülasyonu incelenirken, çözelti özellikleri, nanolif karakterizasyonu, spektrofotometrik ve kromatografik yöntemlerle toplam antioksidan ve kapasite ölçümleri yapıldı ve nanoliflerin biyoerişilebilirliği analiz edildi. Sırasıyla elektriksel iletkenlik, yüzey gerilimi, viskozite ve dielektrik sabiti vişne konsantresi ve jelatin çözeltisi için 2,25±0,01 mS/cm; 31,16±0,03 mN/m; 0,21±0,01 Pa.s ve 39,52±0,33 ve vişne, jelatin ve laktalbümin karışımı çözeltisi için 2,23±0,01 mS/cm; 30,52±0,03 mN/m; 0,24±0,01 Pa.s ve 65,14±1,96 olarak ölçülmüştür. Hem jelatin hem de jelatin ve laktalbumin karışımının vişne polifenollerinin elektroeğirme yöntemiyle enkapsülasyonu için uygun kaplama polimerleri olduğu belirlenmiştir. Enkapsülasyon verimliliği HPLC ile tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar; vişne polifenollerinin jelatinle tek eksenli elektoeğirme yöntemiyle elde edilen nanolif, vişne polifenollerinin jelatin ve laktalbüminle tek eksenli elektroeğirme yöntemiyle elde edilen nanolif ve vişne polifenollerinin jelatinle eş eksenli elektoeğirme yöntemiyle elde edilen nanoliflerin enkapsülasyon verimliliği için sırasıyla %61,74; 79,17 ve 50,33 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Eş eksenli elektroeğirme işleminin düşük enkapsülasyon verimliliği, işlem sırasında mekanizmadan kaynaklı sızdırma sonucu vişne konsantresinin efektif bir şekilde pompalanamamasından kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir. Nanolifler karakterizasyonu için zeta potansiyeli ve temas açısı değerleri ölçüldü. Nanoliflerin tümü için zeta potansiyeller negatif olarak tespit edildi. En düşük zeta potansiyeli SGCN (-9,38±0,73 mV) için bulunmuştur. SGN (-8±1,23 mV) ve SGLN (-3,19±0,15 mV) için zeta potansiyelleri daha düşük ölçülmüştür. Tüm nanolifler hidrofilik özellikler göstermiştir çünkü nanoliflerin temas açıları 90º’den daha düşük olarak bulumuştur. Bununla birlikte, SGLN diğer nanoliflere göre (84,58±5,7) en hidrofobik özellik gösteren nanoliftir. Vişne konsantresi ve nanoliflerin toplam fenolik madde miktarı spektrofotometre ile ölçüldü ve en yüksek değer SGCN (16,45±0,83 mg GAE/g nanolif) ve en düşük toplam fenolik madde miktarı vişne konsantresi (12,89±0,83 mg GAE/g örnek) için bulunmuştur. Sonuçlara göre; jelatin ve jelatin ve laktalbumin karışımından elde edilen nanoliflerin toplam fenolik madde aktivitesi gösterdiği gözlenmiştir. Ancak bu durum jelatin ve laktalbuminin içerdiği aminoasitlerle alakalıdır. Zira aminoasitler de fenolik bileşenler gibi Folin reaktifiyle reaksiyona girerek belli bir absorbans değeri vermektedir. HPLC sonuçlarında jelatin ve laktalbumin nanoliflerinde herhangi bir polifenol tespit edilmemesi bu görüşü desteklemektedir. Toplam flavonoid miktarı sırasıyla vişne konsantresi, SGN, SGLN ve SGCN için sırasıyla 8,58±1,45; 11,19±0,51; 12,01±2,08 ve 10,88 ± 1,94 mg CE/g örnek veya nanolif olarak tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek değer SGLN için tespit edilirken en düşük değer vişne konsantresi için ölçülmüştür. Toplam fenolik madde miktarları toplam flavonoid madde miktarlarından fazla bulunmuştur. Flavonoidler polifenollerin alt grubu olduğu bilindiğinden sonuçlar makuldür. Toplam antosiyanin içeriği vişne konsantresi ve nanolifler için 0.80 ± 0.04 ve 1.63 ± 0.12 mg C3GE/g örnek veya nanolif arasında değişmektedir. En yüksek toplam antosiyanin miktarı vişne için bulunurken en düşük miktar SGCN için tespit edilmiştir. SGLN ve SGN örneklerinin miktarları birbirine çok yakın bulunmuştur. Antosiyaninler de flavonoid grubunun alt grubu olduğundan toplam antosiyanin miktarlarının toplam flavonoid miktarlarından düşük çıkması makuldür. Toplam antioksidan kapasite DPPH ve CUPRAC ile analiz edilmiştir. DPPH sonuçları 3,07±0,20 ve 6,49±3,39 mg TEAC/g örnek veya nanolif arasında tespit edilmiştir. CUPRAC sonuçları 11,26±1,36 ve 39,19±3,98 mg TEAC / g örnek veya nanolif arasında bulunmuştur. Analizlerde, SGCN en düşük antioksidan kapasite gösteren örnek ve nanolif olmuştur. DPPH ve CUPRAC analizlerinden elde edilen sonuçların birbirinden farklı olması analiz tekniklerinin etki mekanizmasının farklı olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. CUPRAC analizinde reaktifler hem lipofilik hem de hidrofilik polifenollerle etkileşime girebilmektedir ve bu nedenle CUPRAC değerleri DPPH değerlerine göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Aynı zamanda, vişne konsantresi ve nanoliflerin in vitro sindirim aşamalarından mide ve bağırsak sonrası numunelerine toplam fenolik, flavonoid ve antosiyanin analizlerinin yanında toplam antioksidan kapasiteleri DPPH ve CUPRAC ile analiz edilmiştir. Vişne konsantresindeki biyoaktif bileşenler sindirim sonrası bozulup parçalanması sonucu madde miktarları ve aktiviteleri azalmıştır. Buna karşılık nanoliflerin miktarları sindirim sonrası toplam antosiyanin analizi dışında tüm analizlerde arttığı gözlenmiştir. Vişne konsantresi ve nanoliflerin fenolik bileşen profili HPLC ile belirlenmiştir. Vişne konsantresinde fenolik asit olarak gallik asit, klorojenik asit ve p-kumarik asit olarak saptanırken vişne konsantresindeki flavonoidler kaempherol türevleri, epikateşin ve siyanidin olarak belirlenmiştir. Vişne konsantresi ve nanoliflerin biyoerişilebilirlikleri belirlendi ve polifenollerin geri kazanımı HPLC sonuçlarına göre hesaplanmıştır. Sonuçlar göstermektedir ki SGLN, SGCN ve SGN göre daha yüksek geri kazanım göstermiştir. Bir diğer önemli sonuç ise SGCN en düşük enkapsülasyon verimliliği göstermesine rağmen, eş eksenli elektroeğirme yöntemi polifenollerin geri kazanımında önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu gözlenmiştir. Sonuçlar göstermektedir ki, elektroeğirme yöntemi, özellikle antosiyanin gibi olumsuz çevre koşullarına ve bağırsak yüksek pH’ına dayanıksız bileşenlerin bile korunmasında ve biyoyararlılığının arttırılmasında etkin bir yöntemdir. Laktalbüminin elektroeğirme çözeltisine eklenmesi; nanoliflerin enkapsülasyon etkinliğini ve biyoerişelebilirliği olumlu etkilediği gözlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda eş eksenli elektroeğirme yönteminin biyoerişilebilirlik açısından etkin bir enkapsülasyon yöntemi olduğu belirlenmiştir.Sour cherry (Prunus Cerasus L.) is consumed worldwide and its bioactive compounds protect human body against diseases. Although sour cherry is a good source of polyphenols, protection of polyphenols from unwanted environmental condition and improvement of bioaccessibility are very crucial. In literature, several encapsulation techniques applied to polyphenols, however encapsulation with electrospinning method is not studied yet. In addition, information about in vitro digestion and bioaccessibility of the encapsulated bioactive compounds is highly limited. The aim of this study is encapsulation of sour cherry anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds coated with gelatin and mixture of gelatin and lactalbumin by electrospinning process and determination of bioaccessibility of the nanofibers. While investigating encapsulation of sour cherry polyphenols, solution properties, characterization of nanofibers, total antioxidant content and capacity by spectrophotometry, phenolic profile by chromatography and in vitro digestion were analyzed. Electrical conductivity, surface tension, viscosity and dielectric constant were measured 2.25±0.01 mS/cm, 31.16±0.03 mN/m, 0.21 ± 0.01 Pa.s and 39.52± 0.33 for sour cherry concentrate with gelatin solution and 2.23±0.01 mS/cm, 30.52±0.03 mN/cm, 0.24 ± 0.01 Pa.s, 65.14± 1.96 for sour cherry with mixture of gelatin and lactalbumin mixture, respectively. Both gelatin and mixture of gelatin and lactalbumin were suitable coating materials for electrospinning of sour cherry polyphenols. Encapsulation efficiency of nanofibers were determined by HPLC. The results were 61.74, 79.17 and 50.33 % for nanofiber coated with gelatin (SGN), mixture of gelatin and lactalbumin by uniaxial electrospinning (SGLN) and gelatin by coaxial electrospinning (SGCN), respectively. Zeta potential and contact angle were evaluated to characterize nanofibers. All zeta potentials were negative charged. The lowest zeta potential was found for SGCN (-9.38 ± 0.73 mV). SGN (-8 ± 1.23 mV) and SGLN (-3.19 ± 0.15 mV) followed. All nanofibers showed hydrophilic properties because all contact angles were lower than 90º. However, SGLN was the most hydrophobic (84.58 ± 5.7) than others. Total phenolic contents of sour cherry concentrate and nanofibers were measured by spectrophotometry and the highest value were found for SGCN (16.45 ± 0.83 mg GAE/g nanofiber) and the lowest total phenolic content were investigated for sour cherry concentrate (12.89 ± 0.83 mg GAE/g sample). Total flavonoid contents of sour cherry concentrate and nanofibers were found as follows 8.58 ± 1.45, 11.19 ± 0.51, 12.01 ± 2.08, 10.88 ± 1.94 mg CE/g sample or nanofiber for sour cherry concentrate, SGN, SGLN and SGCN, respectively. Total anthocyanin contents of sour cherry concentrate and nanofibers were ranged between 0.80 ± 0.04 and 1.63 ± 0.12 mg C3GE/g sample or nanofiber. Total antioxidant capacity was determined by DPPH and CUPRAC analyses. DPPH results were between 3.07 ± 0.20 and 6.49 ± 3.39 mg TEAC/g sample or nanofiber. CUPRAC results were found between 11.26 ± 1.36 and 39.19 ± 3.98 mg TEAC/g sample or nanofiber. In both assays, SGCN showed the lowest antioxidant capacity. Phenolic profile of sour cherry and nanofibers were determined by HPLC. Gallic acid, cholorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid as phenolic acids and kaempherol derivatives, epicatechin and cyanidin as flavonoids were detected in sour cherry concentrate. Bioaccessibility of the sour cherry and nanofibers were determined and recovery of polyphenols were calculated according to HPLC results. Results showed that SGLN showed the highest recovery than SGCN and SGN. Another important result was that though SGCN had the lowest encapsulation efficiency, recovery of polyphenols was improved by coaxial electrospinning.Yüksek LisansM.Sc