« L'évaluation expérimentale des programmes d'emploi et de formation aux Etats-Unis : éléments de critique interne »

S'agissant des programmes d'emploi et de formation américains, les débats sont très vifs entre les tenants de l'évaluation expérimentale et ceux refusant la sélection aléatoire des participants. Tous s'accordent pourtant sur la nécessité de disposer d'un contrefactuel fiable permettant de figurer ce qu'il serait advenu des participants si le programme n'avait pas existé. En effet, il est admis qu'une évaluation doit mettre en évidence l'efficacité du programme, c'est-à-dire l'amélioration de la situation des participants consécutive et imputable au programme. En 1985 a été décidé l'évaluation du Job Training and Partnership Act (JTPA), programme d'emploi et de formation destiné aux « désavantagés économiques » jeunes et adultes. Cette évaluation, qui a produit ses premiers résultats en 1991, constitue une bonne illustration de l'intérêt et des limites d'une telle approche.Evaluation; expérimentation; évaluation quasi-expérimentale; politique d'emploi; formation; causalité; Etats-Unis

Une étude du crédit aux éleveurs de bovins au Cameroun

Un programme de crédit aux éleveurs bovins traditionnels du Cameroun a été mis en place de 1975 à 1986 pour favoriser la modernisation de ce secteur. Une évaluation effectuée en 1986 a mis en évidence les difficultés rencontrées par ce projet qui n'a pas vraiment atteint les objectifs escomptés . Il apparaît essentiel de préciser le statut juridique des terres de pâturage et de responsabiliser les communautés d'éleveurs dans ce type de programme. (Résumé d'auteur

Évaluation d’un programme de formation professionnelle

L'auteur tente d'évaluer le programme de formation professionnelle mis sur pied par le Comité de reclassement des travailleurs de la Coopérative fédérée de Québec {filialeLegrade Inc.).This paper is a case study of an experience where a tripartite action was effectively applied to solve the problem of displaced workers. It is an evaluation of a training program set up by a relocation committee formed in October 1969, after the shutdown of a slaughter house, Legrade Inc., in Québec city.THE LEGRADE EXPERIENCEThe following characteristics are those of the 117 bluecollar workers employed by Legrade and included in the work of the committee set up at the time of the shutdown.The typical Legrade worker was a 45 year old male with about 7 years of education. In addition almost half of them had property ownership and three children or more. Employment wise, he was an unilingual French speaking skilled person who had worked for Legrade for more than twenty years. In addition, this worker did not want to move outside the Québec city region, had almost never been unemployed and was receiving a very reasonnable pay. On the whole, the economic and financial situation of the workers at the time of the shutdown was such that they could easily keep the same standard of living they had known previously for at least one year, because of the importance of their severance pay, pension plan and unemployment benefits.THE RELOCATION COMMITTEEAccording to article 45 of bill 49 of the Province of Québec, an agreement was signed on October 10, 1969 between the Canada Department of Manpower, the Québec Department of Labor and Manpower the company and the union to form a relocation committee. An inventory of the workers' characteristics was completed and attention was mainly directed towards training and placement in new jobs. Therefore the foregoing evaluation will look exclusively at the results of training in terms of placement. Among the 117 blue-collar workers laid off, only 17 undertook butcher training courses (390 hours per enrollee).THE RESULTS OF THE WORKIn the Legrade experience, the youngest, best educated, most skilled workers with more children found jobs first. In addition, they were less paid while at Legrade and had less available income from their severance pay and pension plan. They referred to their new jobs as being less desirable than the previous one and admitted their lack of interest in retraining. Moreover, the role of the public employment agencies, the Canada Manpower Centres and the Québec Manpower Centres, was minimal placement wise.A FOLLOW-UP OF THE SITUATIONI have completed a follow-up at the end of March 1971 i.e. 8 months after the end of the work of the committee. Questions were then asked by telephone on the employment status, the industrial sector, the occupation, the hours of work, the wage rate and the number of jobs held in between the employment status at that date and the shutdown - 78.6% of the population was reached.On the overall, the follow-up revealed a worsening of the situation of the former Legrade workers on many respects. Their wage rate had decreased on the average, the job turnover was relatively high for many and long term unemployment was striking a good proportion of the former Legrade workers.AN EVALUATION OF THE TRAINING PROGRAMThe trainess group (17) is studied in comparison to the non-trainees (100) considered here as the control group. It is to be noted that there was no drop-out and no reject from this program.Some differences can be identified between these two groups. On the whole, trainees were 2.2 years older than non-trainees, more educated and their group contained a much greater proportion of skilled workers than the other group. So, on the whole the trainees would have had slight advantages over the non-trainees for placement before the training program started. This is why it is assumed here that, labor market wise, the trainees group would have hadat least the same working conditions as the non-trainees had they not entered the training program.At the time of the follow-up there were no significant differences in the employment status between both groups. Moreover the trainees were concentrated in the commerce sector, had more skilled workers in their group, a job turnover rate about the same as the control group and a smaller wage rate than the non-trainees for an identical workweek.So, on the whole, at the time of the follow-up, there were no significant differences between both groups. A lack of experience in this field and a much too long training course seem to be the explanation for this bad choice made by the decision-makers.CONCLUSIONIn no apparent way was the training program for Legrade workers successful as measured by this limited approach. If it is realized that the Legrade experience is not an exception, then a serious examination of the Québec reclassification policy should be undertaken. If such is the context, it is proposed that a single permanent institutionalized agency be responsible for the elaboration and application of newly defined relocation policies such as a compulsory insurance fund financed by both employers and workers in each industrial sector. However some prerequisites need to be met : an evaluation of all relocation committees that have existed in this province up to now : the establishment of a more complete and disaggregated labor market and manpower information system ; a serious quantitative and qualitative examination of the present manpower for manpower programs and the implementation of more serious legal sanctions for those who do not follow bill 49

Evaluation des Aktionsprogrammes "Gesundheit von Frauen: Schwerpunkt HIV-prävention 1994 -1997" = Evaluation of the "Women's health: HIV prevention programme 1994-1997"

Cette évaluation tendait à répondre aux questions suivantes: - Quel est le rendement du programme en termes d'outputs ? - Pour ce qui est de la durabilité des programmes pilotes financés par l'OFSP: que reste-il après trois ans d'un programme de prévention du VIH/destiné aux femmes ? ; quels sont les processus qui favorisent la durabilité ? ; quels sont les obstacles à la durabilité ? - Pour ce qui est de la santé des femmes: quelles leçons spécifiques peut-on tirer du Programme d'action (PA) pour d'autres programmes consacrés à la santé des femmes ? - Quelles leçons générales peut-on tirer du PA pour d'autres programmes d'intervention en santé publique ? [résumé, p. 31] ANNEXES: List of outputs; Guide d'entretien; interview schedules (selected outputs); Gesprächsleitfaden

The Underpricing of Initial Public Offerings: Further Canadian Evidence

Evidence of underpricing of initial public offerings (IPOs) has spawned a considerable theoretical literature attempting to explain the apparent contradiction to market efficiency. This article reassesses that evidence by examining not just common shares Canadian IPOs, but also unit and Junior stock IPOs from the period 1991-1998. Our study shows that Canadian IPOs as major IPOs in the world are underpriced. However, the degree of underpricing depends on the type of the issue. Unit IPOs and Junior Capital Pool (JCP) IPOs are more underpriced than common shares IPOs. Our results also suggest that the IPO market in Canada is «good� only for large offerings. We have entertained a number of possible explanations for the high initial return of Canadian issuing firms. We find that the underpricing is significantly related to the size and the period of the issue and to whether the IPO is a JCP or not. On the other hand, the prestige of the underwriter is positively related to the underpricing but this relationship is not significant. La présente étude propose une analyse en profondeur du comportement des émissions initiales canadiennes de 1991 à 1998, en incluant les titres émis dans le cadre des programmes de Capital Pool. Les résultats montrent que la sous évaluation initiale persiste au Canada, en moyenne. Toutefois, le degrés de sous-évaluation est fortement lié au type d'émission: les émissions d'unités et celles qui se font dans le cadre des programmes de Capital Pool sont davantage sous évaluées que les émissions d'actions ordinaires hors Capital pool. Les émissions de taille moyenne et de grande taille semblent correctement évalués au Canada, contrairement à ce que l'on observe sur la plupart des marchés et notamment aux États-Unis. La sous-évaluation initiale concerne donc essentiellement les émissions de 20 millions de $ et moins, qui représentent toutefois 76,3 p. cent des émissions analysées. La sous-évaluation initiale reste donc un problème majeur pour les petites et moyennes entreprises canadiennes. Parmi les autres explications possibles à la sous-évaluation initiale, seule la période d'émission semble jouer un rôle significatif, en plus de la taille et de l'appartenance ou non au programme des Capital Pool.Initial public offerings, underpricing, Canada, Émissions initiales, sous évaluation, Canada

De la redondance vers la cohérence…

Dans l’esprit de l’approche programme, nous avons fusionné deux cours de Techniques d’éducation spécialisée dont les compétences visées sont complémentaires afin d’en présenter les contenus de façon imbriquée, logique et sans redondances. Nous avons également élaboré une stratégie d’évaluation commune, permettant une évaluation différenciée des compétences. Cette initiative d’enseignement en collaboration a donné lieu à une belle synergie entre nous tant dans la planification et la prestation de l’enseignement que dans l’évaluation des apprentissages

Evaluation de l'impact économique et social de la recherche au CRBP (Centre de recherche sur la banane et les plantains) au Cameroun - approche méthodologique

Compte rendu d'une évaluation de la recherche du Centre de recherches régionales sur bananiers et plantains au Cameroun. L'auteur expose le cadre logique de l'évaluation, la méthodologie et les principaux résultats obtenus en mettant l'accent sur les perspectives de la consommation future de banane plantain. L' évaluation prospective de la consommation de la banane plantain au Cameroun n'a pas été pris en compte par le centre de recherches. La question principale posée par cette opération était d'établir un cadre de référence satisfaisant avant de définir les objectifs d'un programme de recherch