1,009 research outputs found
Can star cluster environment affect dust input from massive AGB stars?
We examine the fraction of massive asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars
remaining bound in their parent star clusters and the effect of irradiation of
these stars by intracluster ultraviolet (UV) field. We employ a set of N-body
models of dynamical evolution of star clusters rotating in a galactic potential
at the solar galactocentric radius. The cluster models are combined with
stellar evolution formulae, a library of stellar spectra, and simple models for
SiO photodissociation in circumstellar environment (CSE). The initial stellar
masses of clusters are varied from to .
Results derived for individual clusters are combined using a mass distribution
function for young star clusters. We find that about 30% of massive AGB stars
initially born in clusters become members of the field population, while the
rest evolves in star clusters. They are irradiated by strong intracluster UV
radiation resulting in the decrease of the photodissociation radius of SiO
molecules, in many stars down to the dust formation zone. In absence of dust
shielding, the UV photons penetrate in the CSE deeper than in 64% and
deeper than in 42% of all massive AGB stars. If this suppresses
following dust formation, the current injection rate of silicate dust from AGB
stars in the local Galaxy decreases from to at most. A lower revised value of 40% for the
expected fraction of presolar silicate grains from massive AGB stars is still
high to explain the non-detection of these grains in meteorites.Comment: accepted to ApJ, 14 pages, 9 figures, 5 table
Numerical simulation of the stress-strain state of complex-reinforced elements
The article describes a developed technique of a numerical simulation of the stress-strain state of complex-reinforced elements, which allows you to create models of double-span continuous. The performed experimental and theoretical studies allowed us to carry out the testing of the developed design model and to justify the reliability of the proposed numerical simulation methodology. The results of the experimental studies were compared with those of the theoretical studies. The theoretical calculus algorithm was developed by using the finite element method. Theoretical calculations were performed by using the mathematical-graphical environment software system LIRA-SOFT and the mathematical and computer program MATLAB. On the basis of the experimental research, the iso-fields of displacements and stresses in the materials of an eccentrically compressed beam with a small bend of the slab were constructed, which collapse behind the inclined narrow strip of concrete and displacements and stresses in the materials of the eccentrically stretched beam, which is destroyed due to the yield of the upper mounting armature
ĐĐœĐ°Đ»ŃĐ· ĐŒĐ”ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸŃŃŃĐ·ĐŒŃ ŃĐ° ŃŃ ĐžĐ»ŃĐœĐŸŃŃŃ ĐșĐ°ĐŒ'ŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐČŃĐłŃĐ»Đ»Ń ĐŽĐŸ ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸĐ·Đ°ĐčĐŒĐ°ĐœĐœŃ
The object of this study is coals of different stages of metamorphism and the volatile products of their thermal decomposition. Currently, based on the basic genetic signs of metamorphism, there is no reliable regulatory framework for determining the hazardous properties of mine plastics, including the propensity of coal for spontaneous combustion. Difficulties in systematization consist in the absence of at least one classification parameter, which determines the need for an additional analysis of the physicochemical properties of coals of different stages of metamorphism and the volatile products of their thermal decomposition as an object of study.Thanks to the obtained functional dependences characterizing the elemental composition of fossil fuels in the entire range of a series of metamorphism, it is possible to evaluate the classification indices of fossil fuels. The result shows that changes in the properties of coal as a result of transformations of the internal structure can take maximum or minimum values. It is impossible to judge the change in the properties of coals from the elemental content of these components by the monotonous and one-sided changes in the components ĐĄ0, Đ0, and N0. The nature of the dependence of Đ0 on Vdaf and specific gravity (Kd) suggests that coals acquire new properties after Vdaf decreases by less than 30â25 %, and specific gravity at Kd> 1.3It is noted that coals with the same properties can in some cases be characterized by different values of the classification indicators (Vdaf Cdaf, Kd), in othersâ- coals with different values of the classification indicators have the same properties. The changes in the physicomechanical and calorific value of coal from Vdaf and ĐĄdaf are complex and ambiguous. This is indirect evidence of changes in the internal structure of coals in the process of their geological transformation. The restructuring of the internal structure of coal led to a change in their electromagnetic characteristics.It is proposed, when establishing the propensity of coal for spontaneous combustion by genetic and technological parameters, to use modern knowledge in the field of geology, historical geology and paleontology, physics, chemistry, thermodynamics, as well as experience in the industrial use of coal.ĐбŃĐ”ĐșŃĐŸĐŒ ĐžŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐŽĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ŃĐČĐ»ŃŃŃŃŃ ĐșĐ°ĐŒĐ”ĐœĐœŃĐ” ŃглО ŃĐ°Đ·ĐœŃŃ
ŃŃĐ°ĐŽĐžĐč ĐŒĐ”ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸŃŃĐžĐ·ĐŒĐ° Đž лДŃŃŃОД ĐżŃĐŸĐŽŃĐșŃŃ ĐžŃ
ŃĐ”ŃĐŒĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐ°Đ·Đ»ĐŸĐ¶Đ”ĐœĐžŃ. Đ ĐœĐ°ŃŃĐŸŃŃДД ĐČŃĐ”ĐŒŃ, ĐœĐ° ĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐČĐ” Đ±Đ°Đ·ĐŸĐČŃŃ
ĐłĐ”ĐœĐ”ŃĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐžŃ
ĐżŃĐžĐ·ĐœĐ°ĐșĐŸĐČ ĐŒĐ”ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸŃŃĐžĐ·ĐŒĐ°, ĐŸŃŃŃŃŃŃĐČŃĐ”Ń ĐŽĐŸŃŃĐŸĐČĐ”ŃĐœĐ°Ń ĐœĐŸŃĐŒĐ°ŃĐžĐČĐœĐ°Ń Đ±Đ°Đ·Đ° ĐŸĐżŃĐ”ĐŽĐ”Đ»Đ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐŸĐżĐ°ŃĐœŃŃ
ŃĐČĐŸĐčŃŃĐČ ŃĐ°Ń
ŃĐŸĐżĐ»Đ°ŃŃĐŸĐČ, ĐČ ŃĐŸĐŒ ŃĐžŃлД ŃĐșĐ»ĐŸĐœĐœĐŸŃŃĐž ŃглДĐč Đș ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸĐČĐŸĐ·ĐłĐŸŃĐ°ĐœĐžŃ. ĐąŃŃĐŽĐœĐŸŃŃĐž ĐČ ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒĐ°ŃОзаŃОО Đ·Đ°ĐșĐ»ŃŃĐ°ŃŃŃŃ ĐČ ĐŸŃŃŃŃŃŃĐČОО Ń
ĐŸŃŃ Đ±Ń ĐŸĐŽĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐșлаŃŃĐžŃĐžĐșĐ°ŃĐžĐŸĐœĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ паŃĐ°ĐŒĐ”ŃŃĐ°, ŃŃĐŸ ĐŸĐżŃДЎДлŃĐ”Ń ĐœĐ”ĐŸĐ±Ń
ĐŸĐŽĐžĐŒĐŸŃŃŃ ĐŽĐŸĐżĐŸĐ»ĐœĐžŃДлŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ Đ°ĐœĐ°Đ»ĐžĐ·Đ° ŃОзОĐșĐŸ-Ń
ĐžĐŒĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐžŃ
ŃĐČĐŸĐčŃŃĐČ   ĐșĐ°ĐŒĐ”ĐœĐœŃŃ
ŃглДĐč ŃĐ°Đ·ĐœŃŃ
ŃŃĐ°ĐŽĐžĐč ĐŒĐ”ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸŃŃĐžĐ·ĐŒĐ° Đž лДŃŃŃĐžŃ
ĐżŃĐŸĐŽŃĐșŃĐŸĐČ ĐžŃ
ŃĐ”ŃĐŒĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐ°Đ·Đ»ĐŸĐ¶Đ”ĐœĐžŃ, ĐșĐ°Đș ĐŸĐ±ŃĐ”ĐșŃĐ° ĐžŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐŽĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ.ĐĐ»Đ°ĐłĐŸĐŽĐ°ŃŃ ĐżĐŸĐ»ŃŃĐ”ĐœĐœŃĐŒ ŃŃĐœĐșŃĐžĐŸĐœĐ°Đ»ŃĐœŃĐŒ Đ·Đ°ĐČĐžŃĐžĐŒĐŸŃŃŃĐŒ, Ń
Đ°ŃĐ°ĐșŃĐ”ŃОзŃŃŃОД ŃĐ»Đ”ĐŒĐ”ĐœŃĐœŃĐč ŃĐŸŃŃĐ°ĐČ ĐșĐ°ĐŒĐ”ĐœĐœŃŃ
ŃглДĐč ĐČĐŸ ĐČŃĐ”ĐŒ ĐŽĐžĐ°ĐżĐ°Đ·ĐŸĐœĐ” ŃŃĐŽĐ° ĐŒĐ”ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸŃŃĐžĐ·ĐŒĐ°, ĐŸĐ±Đ”ŃпДŃĐžĐČĐ°Đ”ŃŃŃ ĐČĐŸĐ·ĐŒĐŸĐ¶ĐœĐŸŃŃŃ ĐŸŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃŃ ĐșлаŃŃĐžŃĐžĐșĐ°ŃĐžĐŸĐœĐœŃĐ” ĐżĐŸĐșĐ°Đ·Đ°ŃДлО ĐșĐ°ĐŒĐ”ĐœĐœŃŃ
ŃглДĐč. ĐĐŸĐ»ŃŃĐ”ĐœĐœŃĐč ŃДзŃĐ»ŃŃĐ°Ń ĐżĐŸĐșĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ», ŃŃĐŸ ĐžĐ·ĐŒĐ”ĐœĐ”ĐœĐžĐ” ŃĐČĐŸĐčŃŃĐČ ŃглДĐč ĐČ ŃДзŃĐ»ŃŃĐ°ŃĐ” ĐżŃĐ”ĐŸĐ±ŃĐ°Đ·ĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžĐč ĐČĐœŃŃŃĐ”ĐœĐœĐ”Đč ŃŃŃŃĐșŃŃŃŃ ĐŒĐŸĐłŃŃ ĐżŃĐžĐœĐžĐŒĐ°ŃŃ ĐŒĐ°ĐșŃĐžĐŒĐ°Đ»ŃĐœŃĐ” ОлО ĐŒĐžĐœĐžĐŒĐ°Đ»ŃĐœŃĐ” Đ·ĐœĐ°ŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ. ĐĐŸ ĐŒĐŸĐœĐŸŃĐŸĐœĐœĐŸĐŒŃ Đž ĐŸĐŽĐœĐŸŃŃĐŸŃĐŸĐœĐœĐ”ĐŒŃ ĐžĐ·ĐŒĐ”ĐœĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐșĐŸĐŒĐżĐŸĐœĐ”ĐœŃĐŸĐČ ĐĄ0, Đ0, Đž N0 ĐœĐ”ĐČĐŸĐ·ĐŒĐŸĐ¶ĐœĐŸ ŃŃĐŽĐžŃŃ ĐŸĐ± ĐžĐ·ĐŒĐ”ĐœĐ”ĐœĐžĐž ŃĐČĐŸĐčŃŃĐČ ŃглДĐč ĐŸŃ ŃĐ»Đ”ĐŒĐ”ĐœŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐŸĐŽĐ”ŃĐ¶Đ°ĐœĐžŃ ŃŃĐžŃ
ĐșĐŸĐŒĐżĐŸĐœĐ”ĐœŃĐŸĐČ. Đ„Đ°ŃĐ°ĐșŃĐ”Ń Đ·Đ°ĐČĐžŃĐžĐŒĐŸŃŃĐž Đ0 ĐŸŃ Vdaf Đž ŃЎДлŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐČĐ”ŃĐ° (ĐĐŽ) ĐŽĐ°Đ”Ń ĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžĐ” ĐżŃĐ”ĐŽĐżĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐ¶ĐžŃŃ ĐŸ ĐżŃĐžĐŸĐ±ŃĐ”ŃĐ”ĐœĐžĐž ĐœĐŸĐČŃŃ
ŃĐČĐŸĐčŃŃĐČ ŃглŃĐŒĐž ĐżĐŸŃлД ŃĐœĐžĐ¶Đ”ĐœĐžŃ Vdaf ĐŒĐ”ĐœĐ”Đ” 30â25 %, Đ° ŃЎДлŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐČĐ”ŃĐ° ĐżŃĐž ĐĐŽ>1,3 ĐŃĐŒĐ”ŃĐ”ĐœĐŸ, ŃŃĐŸ ŃглО Ń ĐŸĐŽĐžĐœĐ°ĐșĐŸĐČŃĐŒĐž ŃĐČĐŸĐčŃŃĐČĐ°ĐŒĐž, ĐŒĐŸĐłŃŃ ĐČ ĐŸĐŽĐœĐžŃ
ŃĐ»ŃŃĐ°ŃŃ
Ń
Đ°ŃĐ°ĐșŃĐ”ŃĐžĐ·ĐŸĐČĐ°ŃŃŃŃ ŃĐ°Đ·ĐœŃĐŒĐž ĐČДлОŃĐžĐœĐ°ĐŒĐž ĐșлаŃŃĐžŃĐžĐșĐ°ŃĐžĐŸĐœĐœŃŃ
ĐżĐŸĐșĐ°Đ·Đ°ŃДлДĐč (Vdaf, , ĐĄdaf, ĐĐŽ), ĐČ ĐŽŃŃгОŃ
â ŃглО Ń ŃĐ°Đ·ĐœŃĐŒĐž Đ·ĐœĐ°ŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃĐŒĐž ĐșлаŃŃĐžŃĐžĐșĐ°ŃĐžĐŸĐœĐœŃŃ
ĐżĐŸĐșĐ°Đ·Đ°ŃДлДĐč ĐŸĐ±Đ»Đ°ĐŽĐ°ŃŃ ĐŸĐŽĐžĐœĐ°ĐșĐŸĐČŃĐŒĐž ŃĐČĐŸĐčŃŃĐČĐ°ĐŒĐž. ĐĄĐ»ĐŸĐ¶ĐœŃĐč Đž ĐœĐ”ĐŸĐŽĐœĐŸĐ·ĐœĐ°ŃĐœŃĐč Ń
Đ°ŃĐ°ĐșŃĐ”Ń ĐœĐŸŃŃŃ ĐžĐ·ĐŒĐ”ĐœĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ŃОзОĐșĐŸ-ĐŒĐ”Ń
Đ°ĐœĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐžŃ
Đž ŃĐ”ĐżĐ»ĐŸŃĐČĐŸŃĐœŃŃ
ŃĐČĐŸĐčŃŃĐČ ŃглДĐč ĐŸŃ Vdaf Đž ĐĄdaf . ĐŃĐŸ ŃĐČĐ»ŃĐ”ŃŃŃ ĐșĐŸŃĐČĐ”ĐœĐœŃĐŒ ĐŽĐŸĐșĐ°Đ·Đ°ŃДлŃŃŃĐČĐŸĐŒ ĐžĐ·ĐŒĐ”ĐœĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐČĐœŃŃŃĐ”ĐœĐœĐ”Đč ŃŃŃŃĐșŃŃŃŃ ŃглДĐč ĐČ ĐżŃĐŸŃĐ”ŃŃĐ” ĐžŃ
ĐłĐ”ĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐżŃĐ”ĐŸĐ±ŃĐ°Đ·ĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ. ĐĐ”ŃĐ”ŃŃŃĐŸĐčĐșĐ° ĐČĐœŃŃŃĐ”ĐœĐœĐ”Đč ŃŃŃŃĐșŃŃŃŃ ŃглДĐč ĐżŃĐžĐČДла Đș ĐžĐ·ĐŒĐ”ĐœĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐžŃ
ŃлДĐșŃŃĐŸĐŒĐ°ĐłĐœĐžŃĐœŃŃ
Ń
Đ°ŃĐ°ĐșŃĐ”ŃĐžŃŃĐžĐș. ĐŃДЎлагаДŃŃŃ ĐżŃĐž ŃŃŃĐ°ĐœĐŸĐČĐ»Đ”ĐœĐžĐž ŃĐșĐ»ĐŸĐœĐœĐŸŃŃĐž ŃглДĐč Đș ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸĐČĐŸĐ·ĐłĐŸŃĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ĐżĐŸ ĐłĐ”ĐœĐ”ŃĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐžĐŒ Đž ŃĐ”Ń
ĐœĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐžĐŒ паŃĐ°ĐŒĐ”ŃŃĐ°ĐŒ ĐžŃĐżĐŸĐ»ŃĐ·ĐŸĐČĐ°ŃŃ ŃĐŸĐČŃĐ”ĐŒĐ”ĐœĐœŃĐ” Đ·ĐœĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ĐČ ĐŸĐ±Đ»Đ°ŃŃĐž ĐłĐ”ĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłĐžĐž, ĐžŃŃĐŸŃĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐŸĐč ĐłĐ”ĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłĐžĐž Đž ĐżĐ°Đ»Đ”ĐŸĐœŃĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłĐžĐž, ŃОзОĐșĐž, Ń
ĐžĐŒĐžĐž, ŃĐ”ŃĐŒĐŸĐŽĐžĐœĐ°ĐŒĐžĐșĐž, Đ° ŃĐ°ĐșжД ĐŸĐżŃŃ ĐżŃĐŸĐŒŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐœĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐżŃĐžĐŒĐ”ĐœĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ŃглДĐč.ĐбâŃĐșŃĐŸĐŒ ĐŽĐŸŃĐ»ŃĐŽĐ¶Đ”ĐœĐœŃ Ń ĐșĐ°ĐŒâŃĐœĐ” ĐČŃĐłŃĐ»Đ»Ń ŃŃĐ·ĐœĐžŃ
ŃŃĐ°ĐŽŃĐč ĐŒĐ”ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸŃŃŃĐ·ĐŒŃ Ń Đ»Đ”ŃŃŃŃ ĐżŃĐŸĐŽŃĐșŃĐž ŃŃ
ŃĐ”ŃĐŒŃŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐŸĐ·ĐșĐ»Đ°ĐŽĐ°ĐœĐœŃ. Đ ĐŽĐ°ĐœĐžĐč ŃĐ°Ń, ĐœĐ° ĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐČŃ Đ±Đ°Đ·ĐŸĐČĐžŃ
ĐłĐ”ĐœĐ”ŃĐžŃĐœĐžŃ
ĐŸĐ·ĐœĐ°Đș ĐŒĐ”ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸŃŃŃĐ·ĐŒŃ, ĐČŃĐŽŃŃŃĐœŃ ĐŽĐŸŃŃĐŸĐČŃŃĐœĐ° ĐœĐŸŃĐŒĐ°ŃĐžĐČĐœĐ° база ĐČĐžĐ·ĐœĐ°ŃĐ”ĐœĐœŃ ĐœĐ”Đ±Đ”Đ·ĐżĐ”ŃĐœĐžŃ
ĐČлаŃŃĐžĐČĐŸŃŃĐ”Đč ŃĐ°Ń
ŃĐŸĐżĐ»Đ°ŃŃŃĐČ, ĐČ ŃĐŸĐŒŃ ŃĐžŃĐ»Ń ŃŃ
ОлŃĐœĐŸŃŃŃ ĐČŃĐłŃĐ»Đ»Ń ĐŽĐŸ ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸĐ·Đ°ĐčĐŒĐ°ĐœĐœŃ. ĐąŃŃĐŽĐœĐŸŃŃ ĐČ ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒĐ°ŃОзаŃŃŃ ĐżĐŸĐ»ŃгаŃŃŃ Ń ĐČŃĐŽŃŃŃĐœĐŸŃŃŃ Ń
ĐŸŃĐ° б ĐŸĐŽĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐșлаŃĐžŃŃĐșĐ°ŃŃĐčĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ паŃĐ°ĐŒĐ”ŃŃĐ°, ŃĐŸ ĐČĐžĐ·ĐœĐ°ŃĐ°Ń ĐœĐ”ĐŸĐ±Ń
ŃĐŽĐœŃŃŃŃ ĐŽĐŸĐŽĐ°ŃĐșĐŸĐČĐŸĐłĐŸ Đ°ĐœĐ°Đ»ŃĐ·Ń ŃŃĐ·ĐžĐșĐŸ-Ń
ŃĐŒŃŃĐœĐžŃ
ĐČлаŃŃĐžĐČĐŸŃŃĐ”Đč ĐșĐ°ĐŒ'ŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐČŃĐłŃĐ»Đ»Ń ŃŃĐ·ĐœĐžŃ
ŃŃĐ°ĐŽŃĐč ĐŒĐ”ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸŃŃŃĐ·ĐŒŃ Ń Đ»Đ”ŃŃŃĐžŃ
ĐżŃĐŸĐŽŃĐșŃŃĐČ ŃŃ
ŃĐ”ŃĐŒŃŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐŸĐ·ĐșĐ»Đ°ĐŽĐ°ĐœĐœŃ, ŃĐș ĐŸĐ±'ŃĐșŃŃ ĐŽĐŸŃĐ»ŃĐŽĐ¶Đ”ĐœĐœŃ.ĐĐ°ĐČĐŽŃĐșĐž ĐŸŃŃĐžĐŒĐ°ĐœĐžĐŒ ŃŃĐœĐșŃŃĐŸĐœĐ°Đ»ŃĐœĐžĐŒ Đ·Đ°Đ»Đ”Đ¶ĐœĐŸŃŃŃĐŒ, ŃĐșŃ Ń
Đ°ŃĐ°ĐșŃĐ”ŃОзŃŃŃŃ Đ”Đ»Đ”ĐŒĐ”ĐœŃĐœĐžĐč ŃĐșлаЎ ĐșĐ°ĐŒ'ŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐČŃĐłŃĐ»Đ»Ń ĐČ ŃŃŃĐŸĐŒŃ ĐŽŃĐ°ĐżĐ°Đ·ĐŸĐœŃ ŃŃĐŽŃ ĐŒĐ”ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸŃŃŃĐ·ĐŒŃ, забДзпДŃŃŃŃŃŃŃ ĐŒĐŸĐ¶Đ»ĐžĐČŃŃŃŃ ĐŸŃŃĐœĐžŃĐž ĐčĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐșлаŃĐžŃŃĐșĐ°ŃŃĐčĐœŃ ĐżĐŸĐșĐ°Đ·ĐœĐžĐșĐž. ĐŃŃĐžĐŒĐ°ĐœĐžĐč ŃДзŃĐ»ŃŃĐ°Ń ĐżĐŸĐșĐ°Đ·Đ°ĐČ Đ·ĐŒŃĐœŃ ĐČлаŃŃĐžĐČĐŸŃŃĐ”Đč ĐČŃĐłŃллŃ, ŃĐșŃ ĐČ ŃДзŃĐ»ŃŃĐ°ŃŃ ĐżĐ”ŃĐ”ŃĐČĐŸŃĐ”ĐœĐœŃ Â ĐČĐœŃŃŃŃŃĐœŃĐŸŃ ŃŃŃŃĐșŃŃŃĐž ĐŒĐŸĐ¶ŃŃŃ ĐżŃĐžĐčĐŒĐ°ŃĐž ĐŒĐ°ĐșŃĐžĐŒĐ°Đ»ŃĐœŃ Đ°Đ±ĐŸ ĐŒŃĐœŃĐŒĐ°Đ»ŃĐœŃ Đ·ĐœĐ°ŃĐ”ĐœĐœŃ. ĐĐ° ĐŒĐŸĐœĐŸŃĐŸĐœĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ Ń ĐŸĐŽĐœĐŸŃŃĐŸŃĐŸĐœĐœŃĐŸĐłĐŸ Ń
Đ°ŃĐ°ĐșŃĐ”ŃŃ Đ·ĐŒŃĐœĐž ĐČĐŒŃŃŃŃ ĐșĐŸĐŒĐżĐŸĐœĐ”ĐœŃŃĐČ ĐĄĐŸ, ĐĐŸ, Ń NĐŸ ĐœĐ”ĐŒĐŸĐ¶Đ»ĐžĐČĐŸ ŃĐŸĐ±ĐžŃĐž ĐČĐžŃĐœĐŸĐČĐșĐž ŃĐŸĐŽĐŸ Đ·Đ°Đ»Đ”Đ¶ĐœĐŸŃŃŃ ĐČлаŃŃĐžĐČĐŸŃŃĐ”Đč ĐČŃĐłŃĐ»Đ»Ń ĐČŃĐŽ Đ”Đ»Đ”ĐŒĐ”ĐœŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐČĐŒŃŃŃŃ ŃĐžŃ
ĐșĐŸĐŒĐżĐŸĐœĐ”ĐœŃŃĐČ. Đ„Đ°ŃĐ°ĐșŃĐ”Ń Đ·Đ°Đ»Đ”Đ¶ĐœĐŸŃŃŃ ĐĐŸ ĐČŃĐŽ Vdaf Ń ĐżĐžŃĐŸĐŒĐŸŃ ĐČагО (ĐĐŽ) ĐŽĐ°Ń ĐżŃĐŽŃŃĐ°ĐČŃ ĐżĐ”ŃДЎбаŃĐžŃĐž Â ĐœĐ°Đ±ŃŃŃŃ ĐœĐŸĐČĐžŃ
ĐČлаŃŃĐžĐČĐŸŃŃĐ”Đč ĐČŃĐłŃллŃĐŒ ĐżŃŃĐ»Ń Đ·ĐœĐžĐ¶Đ”ĐœĐœŃ Vdaf ĐŒĐ”ĐœŃ 30-25 %, Đ° пОŃĐŸĐŒĐŸŃ ĐČагО ĐżŃĐž ĐĐŽ > 1,3ĐŃĐŽĐ·ĐœĐ°ŃĐ”ĐœĐŸ, ŃĐŸ ĐČŃĐłŃĐ»Đ»Ń Đ· ĐŸĐŽĐœĐ°ĐșĐŸĐČĐžĐŒĐž ĐČлаŃŃĐžĐČĐŸŃŃŃĐŒĐž ĐČ ĐŸĐŽĐœĐžŃ
ĐČОпаЎĐșĐ°Ń
Ń
Đ°ŃĐ°ĐșŃĐ”ŃОзŃŃŃŃŃŃ ŃŃĐ·ĐœĐžĐŒĐž ĐČДлОŃĐžĐœĐ°ĐŒĐž ĐșлаŃĐžŃŃĐșĐ°ŃŃĐčĐœĐžŃ
ĐżĐŸĐșĐ°Đ·ĐœĐžĐșŃĐČ (Vdaf, , ĐĄdaf, ĐĐŽ), ĐČ ŃĐœŃĐžŃ
ĐČОпаЎĐșĐ°Ń
â ĐČŃĐłŃĐ»Đ»Ń Đ· ŃŃĐ·ĐœĐžĐŒĐž Đ·ĐœĐ°ŃĐ”ĐœĐœŃĐŒĐž ĐșлаŃĐžŃŃĐșĐ°ŃŃĐčĐœĐžŃ
ĐżĐŸĐșĐ°Đ·ĐœĐžĐșŃĐČ ĐŒĐŸĐ¶ŃŃŃ ĐŒĐ°ŃĐž ĐŸĐŽĐœĐ°ĐșĐŸĐČŃ ĐČлаŃŃĐžĐČĐŸŃŃŃ. ĐĄĐșĐ»Đ°ĐŽĐœĐžĐč Ń ĐœĐ”ĐŸĐŽĐœĐŸĐ·ĐœĐ°ŃĐœĐžĐč Ń
Đ°ŃĐ°ĐșŃĐ”Ń ĐœĐŸŃŃŃŃ Đ·ĐŒŃĐœĐž ŃŃĐ·ĐžĐșĐŸ-ĐŒĐ”Ń
Đ°ĐœŃŃĐœĐžŃ
Ń ŃĐ”ĐżĐ»ĐŸŃĐČĐŸŃĐœĐžŃ
ĐČлаŃŃĐžĐČĐŸŃŃĐ”Đč ĐČŃĐłŃĐ»Đ»Ń ĐČŃĐŽ Vdaf Ń ĐĄdaf. ĐŠĐ” Ń ĐœĐ”ĐżŃŃĐŒĐžĐŒ ĐŽĐŸĐșĐ°Đ·ĐŸĐŒ Đ·ĐŒŃĐœĐž ĐČĐœŃŃŃŃŃĐœŃĐŸŃ ŃŃŃŃĐșŃŃŃĐž ĐČŃĐłŃĐ»Đ»Ń ĐČ ĐżŃĐŸŃĐ”ŃŃ ĐłĐ”ĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłŃŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ пДŃĐ”ŃĐČĐŸŃĐ”ĐœĐœŃ. ĐĐ”ŃДбŃĐŽĐŸĐČĐ° ĐČĐœŃŃŃŃŃĐœŃĐŸŃ ŃŃŃŃĐșŃŃŃĐž ĐČŃĐłŃĐ»Đ»Ń Đ·ĐŒŃĐœŃŃ Đ·ĐœĐ°ŃĐ”ĐœĐœŃ Â Đ”Đ»Đ”ĐșŃŃĐŸĐŒĐ°ĐłĐœŃŃĐœĐžŃ
Ń
Đ°ŃĐ°ĐșŃĐ”ŃĐžŃŃĐžĐș. ĐŃĐŸĐżĐŸĐœŃŃŃŃŃŃ ĐżŃĐž ĐČŃŃĐ°ĐœĐŸĐČĐ»Đ”ĐœĐœŃ ŃŃ
ОлŃĐœĐŸŃŃŃ ĐČŃĐłŃĐ»Đ»Ń ĐŽĐŸ ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸĐ·Đ°ĐčĐŒĐ°ĐœĐœŃ Đ·Đ° ĐłĐ”ĐœĐ”ŃĐžŃĐœĐžĐŒĐž Ń ŃĐ”Ń
ĐœĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłŃŃĐœĐžĐŒĐž паŃĐ°ĐŒĐ”ŃŃĐ°ĐŒĐž ĐČĐžĐșĐŸŃĐžŃŃĐŸĐČŃĐČĐ°ŃĐž ŃŃŃĐ°ŃĐœŃ Đ·ĐœĐ°ĐœĐœŃ ĐČ ĐłĐ°Đ»ŃĐ·Ń ĐłĐ”ĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłŃŃ, ŃŃŃĐŸŃĐžŃĐœĐŸŃ ĐłĐ”ĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłŃŃ ŃĐ° ĐżĐ°Đ»Đ”ĐŸĐœŃĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłŃŃ, ŃŃĐ·ĐžĐșĐž, Ń
ŃĐŒŃŃ, ŃĐ”ŃĐŒĐŸĐŽĐžĐœĐ°ĐŒŃĐșĐž, Đ° ŃĐ°ĐșĐŸĐ¶ ĐŽĐŸŃĐČŃĐŽ ĐżŃĐŸĐŒĐžŃĐ»ĐŸĐČĐŸĐłĐŸ Đ·Đ°ŃŃĐŸŃŃĐČĐ°ĐœĐœŃ ĐČŃĐłŃллŃ
ĐĐœĐ°Đ»ŃĐ· ĐŒĐ”ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸŃŃŃĐ·ĐŒŃ ŃĐ° ŃŃ ĐžĐ»ŃĐœĐŸŃŃŃ ĐșĐ°ĐŒ'ŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐČŃĐłŃĐ»Đ»Ń ĐŽĐŸ ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸĐ·Đ°ĐčĐŒĐ°ĐœĐœŃ
The object of this study is coals of different stages of metamorphism and the volatile products of their thermal decomposition. Currently, based on the basic genetic signs of metamorphism, there is no reliable regulatory framework for determining the hazardous properties of mine plastics, including the propensity of coal for spontaneous combustion. Difficulties in systematization consist in the absence of at least one classification parameter, which determines the need for an additional analysis of the physicochemical properties of coals of different stages of metamorphism and the volatile products of their thermal decomposition as an object of study.Thanks to the obtained functional dependences characterizing the elemental composition of fossil fuels in the entire range of a series of metamorphism, it is possible to evaluate the classification indices of fossil fuels. The result shows that changes in the properties of coal as a result of transformations of the internal structure can take maximum or minimum values. It is impossible to judge the change in the properties of coals from the elemental content of these components by the monotonous and one-sided changes in the components ĐĄ0, Đ0, and N0. The nature of the dependence of Đ0 on Vdaf and specific gravity (Kd) suggests that coals acquire new properties after Vdaf decreases by less than 30â25 %, and specific gravity at Kd> 1.3It is noted that coals with the same properties can in some cases be characterized by different values of the classification indicators (Vdaf Cdaf, Kd), in othersâ- coals with different values of the classification indicators have the same properties. The changes in the physicomechanical and calorific value of coal from Vdaf and ĐĄdaf are complex and ambiguous. This is indirect evidence of changes in the internal structure of coals in the process of their geological transformation. The restructuring of the internal structure of coal led to a change in their electromagnetic characteristics.It is proposed, when establishing the propensity of coal for spontaneous combustion by genetic and technological parameters, to use modern knowledge in the field of geology, historical geology and paleontology, physics, chemistry, thermodynamics, as well as experience in the industrial use of coal.ĐбŃĐ”ĐșŃĐŸĐŒ ĐžŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐŽĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ŃĐČĐ»ŃŃŃŃŃ ĐșĐ°ĐŒĐ”ĐœĐœŃĐ” ŃглО ŃĐ°Đ·ĐœŃŃ
ŃŃĐ°ĐŽĐžĐč ĐŒĐ”ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸŃŃĐžĐ·ĐŒĐ° Đž лДŃŃŃОД ĐżŃĐŸĐŽŃĐșŃŃ ĐžŃ
ŃĐ”ŃĐŒĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐ°Đ·Đ»ĐŸĐ¶Đ”ĐœĐžŃ. Đ ĐœĐ°ŃŃĐŸŃŃДД ĐČŃĐ”ĐŒŃ, ĐœĐ° ĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐČĐ” Đ±Đ°Đ·ĐŸĐČŃŃ
ĐłĐ”ĐœĐ”ŃĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐžŃ
ĐżŃĐžĐ·ĐœĐ°ĐșĐŸĐČ ĐŒĐ”ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸŃŃĐžĐ·ĐŒĐ°, ĐŸŃŃŃŃŃŃĐČŃĐ”Ń ĐŽĐŸŃŃĐŸĐČĐ”ŃĐœĐ°Ń ĐœĐŸŃĐŒĐ°ŃĐžĐČĐœĐ°Ń Đ±Đ°Đ·Đ° ĐŸĐżŃĐ”ĐŽĐ”Đ»Đ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐŸĐżĐ°ŃĐœŃŃ
ŃĐČĐŸĐčŃŃĐČ ŃĐ°Ń
ŃĐŸĐżĐ»Đ°ŃŃĐŸĐČ, ĐČ ŃĐŸĐŒ ŃĐžŃлД ŃĐșĐ»ĐŸĐœĐœĐŸŃŃĐž ŃглДĐč Đș ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸĐČĐŸĐ·ĐłĐŸŃĐ°ĐœĐžŃ. ĐąŃŃĐŽĐœĐŸŃŃĐž ĐČ ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒĐ°ŃОзаŃОО Đ·Đ°ĐșĐ»ŃŃĐ°ŃŃŃŃ ĐČ ĐŸŃŃŃŃŃŃĐČОО Ń
ĐŸŃŃ Đ±Ń ĐŸĐŽĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐșлаŃŃĐžŃĐžĐșĐ°ŃĐžĐŸĐœĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ паŃĐ°ĐŒĐ”ŃŃĐ°, ŃŃĐŸ ĐŸĐżŃДЎДлŃĐ”Ń ĐœĐ”ĐŸĐ±Ń
ĐŸĐŽĐžĐŒĐŸŃŃŃ ĐŽĐŸĐżĐŸĐ»ĐœĐžŃДлŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ Đ°ĐœĐ°Đ»ĐžĐ·Đ° ŃОзОĐșĐŸ-Ń
ĐžĐŒĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐžŃ
ŃĐČĐŸĐčŃŃĐČ   ĐșĐ°ĐŒĐ”ĐœĐœŃŃ
ŃглДĐč ŃĐ°Đ·ĐœŃŃ
ŃŃĐ°ĐŽĐžĐč ĐŒĐ”ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸŃŃĐžĐ·ĐŒĐ° Đž лДŃŃŃĐžŃ
ĐżŃĐŸĐŽŃĐșŃĐŸĐČ ĐžŃ
ŃĐ”ŃĐŒĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐ°Đ·Đ»ĐŸĐ¶Đ”ĐœĐžŃ, ĐșĐ°Đș ĐŸĐ±ŃĐ”ĐșŃĐ° ĐžŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐŽĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ.ĐĐ»Đ°ĐłĐŸĐŽĐ°ŃŃ ĐżĐŸĐ»ŃŃĐ”ĐœĐœŃĐŒ ŃŃĐœĐșŃĐžĐŸĐœĐ°Đ»ŃĐœŃĐŒ Đ·Đ°ĐČĐžŃĐžĐŒĐŸŃŃŃĐŒ, Ń
Đ°ŃĐ°ĐșŃĐ”ŃОзŃŃŃОД ŃĐ»Đ”ĐŒĐ”ĐœŃĐœŃĐč ŃĐŸŃŃĐ°ĐČ ĐșĐ°ĐŒĐ”ĐœĐœŃŃ
ŃглДĐč ĐČĐŸ ĐČŃĐ”ĐŒ ĐŽĐžĐ°ĐżĐ°Đ·ĐŸĐœĐ” ŃŃĐŽĐ° ĐŒĐ”ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸŃŃĐžĐ·ĐŒĐ°, ĐŸĐ±Đ”ŃпДŃĐžĐČĐ°Đ”ŃŃŃ ĐČĐŸĐ·ĐŒĐŸĐ¶ĐœĐŸŃŃŃ ĐŸŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃŃ ĐșлаŃŃĐžŃĐžĐșĐ°ŃĐžĐŸĐœĐœŃĐ” ĐżĐŸĐșĐ°Đ·Đ°ŃДлО ĐșĐ°ĐŒĐ”ĐœĐœŃŃ
ŃглДĐč. ĐĐŸĐ»ŃŃĐ”ĐœĐœŃĐč ŃДзŃĐ»ŃŃĐ°Ń ĐżĐŸĐșĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ», ŃŃĐŸ ĐžĐ·ĐŒĐ”ĐœĐ”ĐœĐžĐ” ŃĐČĐŸĐčŃŃĐČ ŃглДĐč ĐČ ŃДзŃĐ»ŃŃĐ°ŃĐ” ĐżŃĐ”ĐŸĐ±ŃĐ°Đ·ĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžĐč ĐČĐœŃŃŃĐ”ĐœĐœĐ”Đč ŃŃŃŃĐșŃŃŃŃ ĐŒĐŸĐłŃŃ ĐżŃĐžĐœĐžĐŒĐ°ŃŃ ĐŒĐ°ĐșŃĐžĐŒĐ°Đ»ŃĐœŃĐ” ОлО ĐŒĐžĐœĐžĐŒĐ°Đ»ŃĐœŃĐ” Đ·ĐœĐ°ŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ. ĐĐŸ ĐŒĐŸĐœĐŸŃĐŸĐœĐœĐŸĐŒŃ Đž ĐŸĐŽĐœĐŸŃŃĐŸŃĐŸĐœĐœĐ”ĐŒŃ ĐžĐ·ĐŒĐ”ĐœĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐșĐŸĐŒĐżĐŸĐœĐ”ĐœŃĐŸĐČ ĐĄ0, Đ0, Đž N0 ĐœĐ”ĐČĐŸĐ·ĐŒĐŸĐ¶ĐœĐŸ ŃŃĐŽĐžŃŃ ĐŸĐ± ĐžĐ·ĐŒĐ”ĐœĐ”ĐœĐžĐž ŃĐČĐŸĐčŃŃĐČ ŃглДĐč ĐŸŃ ŃĐ»Đ”ĐŒĐ”ĐœŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐŸĐŽĐ”ŃĐ¶Đ°ĐœĐžŃ ŃŃĐžŃ
ĐșĐŸĐŒĐżĐŸĐœĐ”ĐœŃĐŸĐČ. Đ„Đ°ŃĐ°ĐșŃĐ”Ń Đ·Đ°ĐČĐžŃĐžĐŒĐŸŃŃĐž Đ0 ĐŸŃ Vdaf Đž ŃЎДлŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐČĐ”ŃĐ° (ĐĐŽ) ĐŽĐ°Đ”Ń ĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžĐ” ĐżŃĐ”ĐŽĐżĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐ¶ĐžŃŃ ĐŸ ĐżŃĐžĐŸĐ±ŃĐ”ŃĐ”ĐœĐžĐž ĐœĐŸĐČŃŃ
ŃĐČĐŸĐčŃŃĐČ ŃглŃĐŒĐž ĐżĐŸŃлД ŃĐœĐžĐ¶Đ”ĐœĐžŃ Vdaf ĐŒĐ”ĐœĐ”Đ” 30â25 %, Đ° ŃЎДлŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐČĐ”ŃĐ° ĐżŃĐž ĐĐŽ>1,3 ĐŃĐŒĐ”ŃĐ”ĐœĐŸ, ŃŃĐŸ ŃглО Ń ĐŸĐŽĐžĐœĐ°ĐșĐŸĐČŃĐŒĐž ŃĐČĐŸĐčŃŃĐČĐ°ĐŒĐž, ĐŒĐŸĐłŃŃ ĐČ ĐŸĐŽĐœĐžŃ
ŃĐ»ŃŃĐ°ŃŃ
Ń
Đ°ŃĐ°ĐșŃĐ”ŃĐžĐ·ĐŸĐČĐ°ŃŃŃŃ ŃĐ°Đ·ĐœŃĐŒĐž ĐČДлОŃĐžĐœĐ°ĐŒĐž ĐșлаŃŃĐžŃĐžĐșĐ°ŃĐžĐŸĐœĐœŃŃ
ĐżĐŸĐșĐ°Đ·Đ°ŃДлДĐč (Vdaf, , ĐĄdaf, ĐĐŽ), ĐČ ĐŽŃŃгОŃ
â ŃглО Ń ŃĐ°Đ·ĐœŃĐŒĐž Đ·ĐœĐ°ŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃĐŒĐž ĐșлаŃŃĐžŃĐžĐșĐ°ŃĐžĐŸĐœĐœŃŃ
ĐżĐŸĐșĐ°Đ·Đ°ŃДлДĐč ĐŸĐ±Đ»Đ°ĐŽĐ°ŃŃ ĐŸĐŽĐžĐœĐ°ĐșĐŸĐČŃĐŒĐž ŃĐČĐŸĐčŃŃĐČĐ°ĐŒĐž. ĐĄĐ»ĐŸĐ¶ĐœŃĐč Đž ĐœĐ”ĐŸĐŽĐœĐŸĐ·ĐœĐ°ŃĐœŃĐč Ń
Đ°ŃĐ°ĐșŃĐ”Ń ĐœĐŸŃŃŃ ĐžĐ·ĐŒĐ”ĐœĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ŃОзОĐșĐŸ-ĐŒĐ”Ń
Đ°ĐœĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐžŃ
Đž ŃĐ”ĐżĐ»ĐŸŃĐČĐŸŃĐœŃŃ
ŃĐČĐŸĐčŃŃĐČ ŃглДĐč ĐŸŃ Vdaf Đž ĐĄdaf . ĐŃĐŸ ŃĐČĐ»ŃĐ”ŃŃŃ ĐșĐŸŃĐČĐ”ĐœĐœŃĐŒ ĐŽĐŸĐșĐ°Đ·Đ°ŃДлŃŃŃĐČĐŸĐŒ ĐžĐ·ĐŒĐ”ĐœĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐČĐœŃŃŃĐ”ĐœĐœĐ”Đč ŃŃŃŃĐșŃŃŃŃ ŃглДĐč ĐČ ĐżŃĐŸŃĐ”ŃŃĐ” ĐžŃ
ĐłĐ”ĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐżŃĐ”ĐŸĐ±ŃĐ°Đ·ĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ. ĐĐ”ŃĐ”ŃŃŃĐŸĐčĐșĐ° ĐČĐœŃŃŃĐ”ĐœĐœĐ”Đč ŃŃŃŃĐșŃŃŃŃ ŃглДĐč ĐżŃĐžĐČДла Đș ĐžĐ·ĐŒĐ”ĐœĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐžŃ
ŃлДĐșŃŃĐŸĐŒĐ°ĐłĐœĐžŃĐœŃŃ
Ń
Đ°ŃĐ°ĐșŃĐ”ŃĐžŃŃĐžĐș. ĐŃДЎлагаДŃŃŃ ĐżŃĐž ŃŃŃĐ°ĐœĐŸĐČĐ»Đ”ĐœĐžĐž ŃĐșĐ»ĐŸĐœĐœĐŸŃŃĐž ŃглДĐč Đș ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸĐČĐŸĐ·ĐłĐŸŃĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ĐżĐŸ ĐłĐ”ĐœĐ”ŃĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐžĐŒ Đž ŃĐ”Ń
ĐœĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐžĐŒ паŃĐ°ĐŒĐ”ŃŃĐ°ĐŒ ĐžŃĐżĐŸĐ»ŃĐ·ĐŸĐČĐ°ŃŃ ŃĐŸĐČŃĐ”ĐŒĐ”ĐœĐœŃĐ” Đ·ĐœĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ĐČ ĐŸĐ±Đ»Đ°ŃŃĐž ĐłĐ”ĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłĐžĐž, ĐžŃŃĐŸŃĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐŸĐč ĐłĐ”ĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłĐžĐž Đž ĐżĐ°Đ»Đ”ĐŸĐœŃĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłĐžĐž, ŃОзОĐșĐž, Ń
ĐžĐŒĐžĐž, ŃĐ”ŃĐŒĐŸĐŽĐžĐœĐ°ĐŒĐžĐșĐž, Đ° ŃĐ°ĐșжД ĐŸĐżŃŃ ĐżŃĐŸĐŒŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐœĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐżŃĐžĐŒĐ”ĐœĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ŃглДĐč.ĐбâŃĐșŃĐŸĐŒ ĐŽĐŸŃĐ»ŃĐŽĐ¶Đ”ĐœĐœŃ Ń ĐșĐ°ĐŒâŃĐœĐ” ĐČŃĐłŃĐ»Đ»Ń ŃŃĐ·ĐœĐžŃ
ŃŃĐ°ĐŽŃĐč ĐŒĐ”ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸŃŃŃĐ·ĐŒŃ Ń Đ»Đ”ŃŃŃŃ ĐżŃĐŸĐŽŃĐșŃĐž ŃŃ
ŃĐ”ŃĐŒŃŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐŸĐ·ĐșĐ»Đ°ĐŽĐ°ĐœĐœŃ. Đ ĐŽĐ°ĐœĐžĐč ŃĐ°Ń, ĐœĐ° ĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐČŃ Đ±Đ°Đ·ĐŸĐČĐžŃ
ĐłĐ”ĐœĐ”ŃĐžŃĐœĐžŃ
ĐŸĐ·ĐœĐ°Đș ĐŒĐ”ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸŃŃŃĐ·ĐŒŃ, ĐČŃĐŽŃŃŃĐœŃ ĐŽĐŸŃŃĐŸĐČŃŃĐœĐ° ĐœĐŸŃĐŒĐ°ŃĐžĐČĐœĐ° база ĐČĐžĐ·ĐœĐ°ŃĐ”ĐœĐœŃ ĐœĐ”Đ±Đ”Đ·ĐżĐ”ŃĐœĐžŃ
ĐČлаŃŃĐžĐČĐŸŃŃĐ”Đč ŃĐ°Ń
ŃĐŸĐżĐ»Đ°ŃŃŃĐČ, ĐČ ŃĐŸĐŒŃ ŃĐžŃĐ»Ń ŃŃ
ОлŃĐœĐŸŃŃŃ ĐČŃĐłŃĐ»Đ»Ń ĐŽĐŸ ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸĐ·Đ°ĐčĐŒĐ°ĐœĐœŃ. ĐąŃŃĐŽĐœĐŸŃŃ ĐČ ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒĐ°ŃОзаŃŃŃ ĐżĐŸĐ»ŃгаŃŃŃ Ń ĐČŃĐŽŃŃŃĐœĐŸŃŃŃ Ń
ĐŸŃĐ° б ĐŸĐŽĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐșлаŃĐžŃŃĐșĐ°ŃŃĐčĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ паŃĐ°ĐŒĐ”ŃŃĐ°, ŃĐŸ ĐČĐžĐ·ĐœĐ°ŃĐ°Ń ĐœĐ”ĐŸĐ±Ń
ŃĐŽĐœŃŃŃŃ ĐŽĐŸĐŽĐ°ŃĐșĐŸĐČĐŸĐłĐŸ Đ°ĐœĐ°Đ»ŃĐ·Ń ŃŃĐ·ĐžĐșĐŸ-Ń
ŃĐŒŃŃĐœĐžŃ
ĐČлаŃŃĐžĐČĐŸŃŃĐ”Đč ĐșĐ°ĐŒ'ŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐČŃĐłŃĐ»Đ»Ń ŃŃĐ·ĐœĐžŃ
ŃŃĐ°ĐŽŃĐč ĐŒĐ”ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸŃŃŃĐ·ĐŒŃ Ń Đ»Đ”ŃŃŃĐžŃ
ĐżŃĐŸĐŽŃĐșŃŃĐČ ŃŃ
ŃĐ”ŃĐŒŃŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐŸĐ·ĐșĐ»Đ°ĐŽĐ°ĐœĐœŃ, ŃĐș ĐŸĐ±'ŃĐșŃŃ ĐŽĐŸŃĐ»ŃĐŽĐ¶Đ”ĐœĐœŃ.ĐĐ°ĐČĐŽŃĐșĐž ĐŸŃŃĐžĐŒĐ°ĐœĐžĐŒ ŃŃĐœĐșŃŃĐŸĐœĐ°Đ»ŃĐœĐžĐŒ Đ·Đ°Đ»Đ”Đ¶ĐœĐŸŃŃŃĐŒ, ŃĐșŃ Ń
Đ°ŃĐ°ĐșŃĐ”ŃОзŃŃŃŃ Đ”Đ»Đ”ĐŒĐ”ĐœŃĐœĐžĐč ŃĐșлаЎ ĐșĐ°ĐŒ'ŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐČŃĐłŃĐ»Đ»Ń ĐČ ŃŃŃĐŸĐŒŃ ĐŽŃĐ°ĐżĐ°Đ·ĐŸĐœŃ ŃŃĐŽŃ ĐŒĐ”ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸŃŃŃĐ·ĐŒŃ, забДзпДŃŃŃŃŃŃŃ ĐŒĐŸĐ¶Đ»ĐžĐČŃŃŃŃ ĐŸŃŃĐœĐžŃĐž ĐčĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐșлаŃĐžŃŃĐșĐ°ŃŃĐčĐœŃ ĐżĐŸĐșĐ°Đ·ĐœĐžĐșĐž. ĐŃŃĐžĐŒĐ°ĐœĐžĐč ŃДзŃĐ»ŃŃĐ°Ń ĐżĐŸĐșĐ°Đ·Đ°ĐČ Đ·ĐŒŃĐœŃ ĐČлаŃŃĐžĐČĐŸŃŃĐ”Đč ĐČŃĐłŃллŃ, ŃĐșŃ ĐČ ŃДзŃĐ»ŃŃĐ°ŃŃ ĐżĐ”ŃĐ”ŃĐČĐŸŃĐ”ĐœĐœŃ Â ĐČĐœŃŃŃŃŃĐœŃĐŸŃ ŃŃŃŃĐșŃŃŃĐž ĐŒĐŸĐ¶ŃŃŃ ĐżŃĐžĐčĐŒĐ°ŃĐž ĐŒĐ°ĐșŃĐžĐŒĐ°Đ»ŃĐœŃ Đ°Đ±ĐŸ ĐŒŃĐœŃĐŒĐ°Đ»ŃĐœŃ Đ·ĐœĐ°ŃĐ”ĐœĐœŃ. ĐĐ° ĐŒĐŸĐœĐŸŃĐŸĐœĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ Ń ĐŸĐŽĐœĐŸŃŃĐŸŃĐŸĐœĐœŃĐŸĐłĐŸ Ń
Đ°ŃĐ°ĐșŃĐ”ŃŃ Đ·ĐŒŃĐœĐž ĐČĐŒŃŃŃŃ ĐșĐŸĐŒĐżĐŸĐœĐ”ĐœŃŃĐČ ĐĄĐŸ, ĐĐŸ, Ń NĐŸ ĐœĐ”ĐŒĐŸĐ¶Đ»ĐžĐČĐŸ ŃĐŸĐ±ĐžŃĐž ĐČĐžŃĐœĐŸĐČĐșĐž ŃĐŸĐŽĐŸ Đ·Đ°Đ»Đ”Đ¶ĐœĐŸŃŃŃ ĐČлаŃŃĐžĐČĐŸŃŃĐ”Đč ĐČŃĐłŃĐ»Đ»Ń ĐČŃĐŽ Đ”Đ»Đ”ĐŒĐ”ĐœŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐČĐŒŃŃŃŃ ŃĐžŃ
ĐșĐŸĐŒĐżĐŸĐœĐ”ĐœŃŃĐČ. Đ„Đ°ŃĐ°ĐșŃĐ”Ń Đ·Đ°Đ»Đ”Đ¶ĐœĐŸŃŃŃ ĐĐŸ ĐČŃĐŽ Vdaf Ń ĐżĐžŃĐŸĐŒĐŸŃ ĐČагО (ĐĐŽ) ĐŽĐ°Ń ĐżŃĐŽŃŃĐ°ĐČŃ ĐżĐ”ŃДЎбаŃĐžŃĐž Â ĐœĐ°Đ±ŃŃŃŃ ĐœĐŸĐČĐžŃ
ĐČлаŃŃĐžĐČĐŸŃŃĐ”Đč ĐČŃĐłŃллŃĐŒ ĐżŃŃĐ»Ń Đ·ĐœĐžĐ¶Đ”ĐœĐœŃ Vdaf ĐŒĐ”ĐœŃ 30-25 %, Đ° пОŃĐŸĐŒĐŸŃ ĐČагО ĐżŃĐž ĐĐŽ > 1,3ĐŃĐŽĐ·ĐœĐ°ŃĐ”ĐœĐŸ, ŃĐŸ ĐČŃĐłŃĐ»Đ»Ń Đ· ĐŸĐŽĐœĐ°ĐșĐŸĐČĐžĐŒĐž ĐČлаŃŃĐžĐČĐŸŃŃŃĐŒĐž ĐČ ĐŸĐŽĐœĐžŃ
ĐČОпаЎĐșĐ°Ń
Ń
Đ°ŃĐ°ĐșŃĐ”ŃОзŃŃŃŃŃŃ ŃŃĐ·ĐœĐžĐŒĐž ĐČДлОŃĐžĐœĐ°ĐŒĐž ĐșлаŃĐžŃŃĐșĐ°ŃŃĐčĐœĐžŃ
ĐżĐŸĐșĐ°Đ·ĐœĐžĐșŃĐČ (Vdaf, , ĐĄdaf, ĐĐŽ), ĐČ ŃĐœŃĐžŃ
ĐČОпаЎĐșĐ°Ń
â ĐČŃĐłŃĐ»Đ»Ń Đ· ŃŃĐ·ĐœĐžĐŒĐž Đ·ĐœĐ°ŃĐ”ĐœĐœŃĐŒĐž ĐșлаŃĐžŃŃĐșĐ°ŃŃĐčĐœĐžŃ
ĐżĐŸĐșĐ°Đ·ĐœĐžĐșŃĐČ ĐŒĐŸĐ¶ŃŃŃ ĐŒĐ°ŃĐž ĐŸĐŽĐœĐ°ĐșĐŸĐČŃ ĐČлаŃŃĐžĐČĐŸŃŃŃ. ĐĄĐșĐ»Đ°ĐŽĐœĐžĐč Ń ĐœĐ”ĐŸĐŽĐœĐŸĐ·ĐœĐ°ŃĐœĐžĐč Ń
Đ°ŃĐ°ĐșŃĐ”Ń ĐœĐŸŃŃŃŃ Đ·ĐŒŃĐœĐž ŃŃĐ·ĐžĐșĐŸ-ĐŒĐ”Ń
Đ°ĐœŃŃĐœĐžŃ
Ń ŃĐ”ĐżĐ»ĐŸŃĐČĐŸŃĐœĐžŃ
ĐČлаŃŃĐžĐČĐŸŃŃĐ”Đč ĐČŃĐłŃĐ»Đ»Ń ĐČŃĐŽ Vdaf Ń ĐĄdaf. ĐŠĐ” Ń ĐœĐ”ĐżŃŃĐŒĐžĐŒ ĐŽĐŸĐșĐ°Đ·ĐŸĐŒ Đ·ĐŒŃĐœĐž ĐČĐœŃŃŃŃŃĐœŃĐŸŃ ŃŃŃŃĐșŃŃŃĐž ĐČŃĐłŃĐ»Đ»Ń ĐČ ĐżŃĐŸŃĐ”ŃŃ ĐłĐ”ĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłŃŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ пДŃĐ”ŃĐČĐŸŃĐ”ĐœĐœŃ. ĐĐ”ŃДбŃĐŽĐŸĐČĐ° ĐČĐœŃŃŃŃŃĐœŃĐŸŃ ŃŃŃŃĐșŃŃŃĐž ĐČŃĐłŃĐ»Đ»Ń Đ·ĐŒŃĐœŃŃ Đ·ĐœĐ°ŃĐ”ĐœĐœŃ Â Đ”Đ»Đ”ĐșŃŃĐŸĐŒĐ°ĐłĐœŃŃĐœĐžŃ
Ń
Đ°ŃĐ°ĐșŃĐ”ŃĐžŃŃĐžĐș. ĐŃĐŸĐżĐŸĐœŃŃŃŃŃŃ ĐżŃĐž ĐČŃŃĐ°ĐœĐŸĐČĐ»Đ”ĐœĐœŃ ŃŃ
ОлŃĐœĐŸŃŃŃ ĐČŃĐłŃĐ»Đ»Ń ĐŽĐŸ ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸĐ·Đ°ĐčĐŒĐ°ĐœĐœŃ Đ·Đ° ĐłĐ”ĐœĐ”ŃĐžŃĐœĐžĐŒĐž Ń ŃĐ”Ń
ĐœĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłŃŃĐœĐžĐŒĐž паŃĐ°ĐŒĐ”ŃŃĐ°ĐŒĐž ĐČĐžĐșĐŸŃĐžŃŃĐŸĐČŃĐČĐ°ŃĐž ŃŃŃĐ°ŃĐœŃ Đ·ĐœĐ°ĐœĐœŃ ĐČ ĐłĐ°Đ»ŃĐ·Ń ĐłĐ”ĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłŃŃ, ŃŃŃĐŸŃĐžŃĐœĐŸŃ ĐłĐ”ĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłŃŃ ŃĐ° ĐżĐ°Đ»Đ”ĐŸĐœŃĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłŃŃ, ŃŃĐ·ĐžĐșĐž, Ń
ŃĐŒŃŃ, ŃĐ”ŃĐŒĐŸĐŽĐžĐœĐ°ĐŒŃĐșĐž, Đ° ŃĐ°ĐșĐŸĐ¶ ĐŽĐŸŃĐČŃĐŽ ĐżŃĐŸĐŒĐžŃĐ»ĐŸĐČĐŸĐłĐŸ Đ·Đ°ŃŃĐŸŃŃĐČĐ°ĐœĐœŃ ĐČŃĐłŃллŃ
ĐбÒŃŃĐœŃŃĐČĐ°ĐœĐœŃ ĐŒĐ”ŃĐŸĐŽĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłŃŃĐœĐžŃ Đ·Đ°ŃĐ°ĐŽ ŃĐżŃĐ°ĐČĐ»ŃĐœĐœŃ ŃĐ°ĐŽŃĐŸŃĐ”ŃŃŃŃĐŸĐŒ ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒ ŃĐ°ĐŽŃĐŸĐ·ĐČâŃĐ·ĐșŃ ŃпДŃŃĐ°Đ»ŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐżŃĐžĐ·ĐœĐ°ŃĐ”ĐœĐœŃ ĐČ ŃĐŒĐŸĐČĐ°Ń Đ°ĐżŃŃĐŸŃĐœĐŸŃ ĐœĐ”ĐČĐžĐ·ĐœĐ°ŃĐ”ĐœĐŸŃŃŃ
The problem of substantiation of methodological bases of radio resource management of military radio communication systems in the conditions of a priori uncertainty is solved in the work. The object of research is the military radio communication system. One of the most problematic places in the management of military radio resources is the inability to carry out a hierarchical management of the parameters and modes of operation of both individual radios and the military radio system as a whole. This reduces the efficiency of the system itself and the efficiency of its application.
The scientific problem is solved by substantiating the methodological principles of radio resource management of military radio communication systems in conditions of a priori uncertainty. During the research, the authors used the main provisions of the theory of queuing, the theory of automation, the theory of complex technical systems, as well as general scientific methods of cognition, namely analysis and synthesis. The novelty is that in the course of work:
â the purpose of functioning of an operative management subsystem of a radio resource of military radio communication systems is formulated;
â indicators and criteria of functioning efficiency of military radio communication systems are determined;
â decomposition of the solution of this problem into problems depending on the signal and noise situation is carried out.
An approach based on the hierarchical decomposition of the functional structure of networks, the behavior of which is described by stochastic differential (or difference) equations of the high dimension state, into a number of interconnected but simpler functional structures is used for the functional description of military radio communication systems. It will allow to make a decomposition of the state of the military radio system and increase the efficiency of decision-making on adjusting the modes of operation and parameters of the military radio system in real time. The research results should be used at the stage of operational management of parameters and modes of these systems operation.Đ ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃĐ” ŃĐ”ŃĐ”ĐœĐ° Đ·Đ°ĐŽĐ°ŃĐ° ĐŸĐ±ĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ĐŒĐ”ŃĐŸĐŽĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐžŃ
ĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐČ ŃĐżŃĐ°ĐČĐ»Đ”ĐœĐžŃ ŃĐ°ĐŽĐžĐŸŃĐ”ŃŃŃŃĐŸĐŒ ĐČĐŸĐ”ĐœĐœŃŃ
ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒ ŃĐ°ĐŽĐžĐŸŃĐČŃĐ·Đž ĐČ ŃŃĐ»ĐŸĐČĐžŃŃ
Đ°ĐżŃĐžĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐč ĐœĐ”ĐŸĐżŃĐ”ĐŽĐ”Đ»Đ”ĐœĐœĐŸŃŃĐž. ĐбŃĐ”ĐșŃĐŸĐŒ ĐžŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐŽĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ŃĐČĐ»ŃĐ”ŃŃŃ ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒĐ° ĐČĐŸĐ”ĐœĐœĐŸĐč ŃĐ°ĐŽĐžĐŸŃĐČŃĐ·Đž. ĐĐŽĐœĐžĐŒ Оз ŃĐ°ĐŒŃŃ
ĐżŃĐŸĐ±Đ»Đ”ĐŒĐœŃŃ
ĐŒĐ”ŃŃ ĐżŃĐž ŃĐżŃĐ°ĐČĐ»Đ”ĐœĐžĐž ŃĐ°ĐŽĐžĐŸŃĐ”ŃŃŃŃĐŸĐŒ ĐČĐŸĐ”ĐœĐœŃŃ
ŃĐ°ĐŽĐžĐŸŃĐ”ŃĐ”Đč ŃĐČĐ»ŃĐ”ŃŃŃ ĐœĐ”ĐČĐŸĐ·ĐŒĐŸĐ¶ĐœĐŸŃŃŃ ĐżŃĐŸĐČĐŸĐŽĐžŃŃ ŃĐșĐČĐŸĐ·ĐœĐŸĐ” ОДŃĐ°ŃŃ
ĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐŸĐ” ŃĐżŃĐ°ĐČĐ»Đ”ĐœĐžĐ” паŃĐ°ĐŒĐ”ŃŃĐ°ĐŒĐž Đž ŃĐ”Đ¶ĐžĐŒĐ°ĐŒĐž ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃŃ, ĐșĐ°Đș ĐŸŃЎДлŃĐœŃŃ
ŃĐ°ĐŽĐžĐŸŃŃДЎŃŃĐČ, ŃĐ°Đș Đž ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒŃ ĐČĐŸĐ”ĐœĐœĐŸĐč ŃĐ°ĐŽĐžĐŸŃĐČŃĐ·Đž ĐČ ŃĐ”Đ»ĐŸĐŒ. ĐŃĐŸ ŃĐœĐžĐ¶Đ°Đ”Ń ŃŃŃĐ”ĐșŃĐžĐČĐœĐŸŃŃŃ ĐșĐ°Đș ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸĐč ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒŃ, ŃĐ°Đș Đž ŃŃŃĐ”ĐșŃĐžĐČĐœĐŸŃŃĐž ДД ĐżŃĐžĐŒĐ”ĐœĐ”ĐœĐžŃ.
ĐĐ°ŃŃĐœĐ°Ń Đ·Đ°ĐŽĐ°ŃĐ° ŃĐ”ŃĐ”ĐœĐ° Ń ĐżĐŸĐŒĐŸŃŃŃ ĐŸĐ±ĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ĐŒĐ”ŃĐŸĐŽĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐžŃ
ĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐČ ŃĐżŃĐ°ĐČĐ»Đ”ĐœĐžŃ ŃĐ°ĐŽĐžĐŸŃĐ”ŃŃŃŃĐŸĐŒ ĐČĐŸĐ”ĐœĐœŃŃ
ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒ ŃĐ°ĐŽĐžĐŸŃĐČŃĐ·Đž ĐČ ŃŃĐ»ĐŸĐČĐžŃŃ
Đ°ĐżŃĐžĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐč ĐœĐ”ĐŸĐżŃĐ”ĐŽĐ”Đ»Đ”ĐœĐœĐŸŃŃĐž. Đ Ń
ĐŸĐŽĐ” ĐżŃĐŸĐČĐ”ĐŽĐ”ĐœĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐžŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐŽĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ Đ°ĐČŃĐŸŃĐ°ĐŒĐž ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃŃ Đ±ŃлО ĐžŃĐżĐŸĐ»ŃĐ·ĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœŃ ĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐČĐœŃĐ” ĐżĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐ¶Đ”ĐœĐžŃ ŃĐ”ĐŸŃОО ĐŒĐ°ŃŃĐŸĐČĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐŸĐ±ŃĐ»ŃжОĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ, ŃĐ”ĐŸŃОО Đ°ĐČŃĐŸĐŒĐ°ŃОзаŃОО, ŃĐ”ĐŸŃОО ŃĐ»ĐŸĐ¶ĐœŃŃ
ŃĐ”Ń
ĐœĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐžŃ
ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒ, Đ° ŃĐ°ĐșжД ĐŸĐ±ŃĐ”ĐœĐ°ŃŃĐœŃĐ” ĐŒĐ”ŃĐŸĐŽŃ ĐżĐŸĐ·ĐœĐ°ĐœĐžŃ, Đ° ĐžĐŒĐ”ĐœĐœĐŸ Đ°ĐœĐ°Đ»ĐžĐ· Đž ŃĐžĐœŃДз. ĐĐŸĐČĐžĐ·ĐœĐ° Đ·Đ°ĐșĐ»ŃŃĐ°Đ”ŃŃŃ ĐČ ŃĐŸĐŒ, ŃŃĐŸ ĐČ Ń
ĐŸĐŽĐ” ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃŃ:
â ŃŃĐŸŃĐŒŃлОŃĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐ° ŃĐ”Đ»Ń ŃŃĐœĐșŃĐžĐŸĐœĐžŃĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ĐżĐŸĐŽŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒŃ ĐŸĐżĐ”ŃĐ°ŃĐžĐČĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐżŃĐ°ĐČĐ»Đ”ĐœĐžŃ ŃĐ°ĐŽĐžĐŸŃĐ”ŃŃŃŃĐŸĐŒ ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒ ĐČĐŸĐ”ĐœĐœĐŸĐč ŃĐ°ĐŽĐžĐŸŃĐČŃĐ·Đž;
â ĐŸĐżŃĐ”ĐŽĐ”Đ»Đ”ĐœŃ ĐżĐŸĐșĐ°Đ·Đ°ŃДлО Đž ĐșŃĐžŃĐ”ŃОО ŃŃŃĐ”ĐșŃĐžĐČĐœĐŸŃŃĐž ŃŃĐœĐșŃĐžĐŸĐœĐžŃĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒ ĐČĐŸĐ”ĐœĐœĐŸĐč ŃĐ°ĐŽĐžĐŸŃĐČŃĐ·Đž;
â ĐżŃĐŸĐČĐ”ĐŽĐ”ĐœĐ° ĐŽĐ”ĐșĐŸĐŒĐżĐŸĐ·ĐžŃĐžŃ ŃĐ”ŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐŽĐ°ĐœĐœĐŸĐč ĐżŃĐŸĐ±Đ»Đ”ĐŒŃ ĐœĐ° Đ·Đ°ĐŽĐ°ŃĐž ĐČ Đ·Đ°ĐČĐžŃĐžĐŒĐŸŃŃĐž ĐŸŃ ŃĐžĐłĐœĐ°Đ»ŃĐœĐŸĐč Đž ĐżĐŸĐŒĐ”Ń
ĐŸĐČĐŸĐč ĐŸĐ±ŃŃĐ°ĐœĐŸĐČĐșĐž.
ĐĐ»Ń ŃŃĐœĐșŃĐžĐŸĐœĐ°Đ»ŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐŸĐżĐžŃĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒ ĐČĐŸĐ”ĐœĐœĐŸĐč ŃĐ°ĐŽĐžĐŸŃĐČŃĐ·Đž ĐżŃĐžĐŒĐ”ĐœŃĐ”ŃŃŃ ĐżĐŸĐŽŃ
ĐŸĐŽ, ĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐœŃĐč ĐœĐ° ОДŃĐ°ŃŃ
ĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐŸĐč ĐŽĐ”ĐșĐŸĐŒĐżĐŸĐ·ĐžŃОО ŃŃĐœĐșŃĐžĐŸĐœĐ°Đ»ŃĐœĐŸĐč ŃŃŃŃĐșŃŃŃŃ ŃĐ”ŃĐ”Đč, ĐżĐŸĐČĐ”ĐŽĐ”ĐœĐžĐ” ĐșĐŸŃĐŸŃŃŃ
ĐŸĐżĐžŃŃĐČĐ°Đ”ŃŃŃ ŃŃĐŸŃ
Đ°ŃŃĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐžĐŒĐž ĐŽĐžŃŃĐ”ŃĐ”ĐœŃОалŃĐœŃĐŒĐž (ОлО ŃĐ°Đ·ĐœĐŸŃŃĐœŃĐŒĐž) ŃŃĐ°ĐČĐœĐ”ĐœĐžŃĐŒĐž ŃĐŸŃŃĐŸŃĐœĐžŃ ĐČŃŃĐŸĐșĐŸĐč ŃĐ°Đ·ĐŒĐ”ŃĐœĐŸŃŃĐž, ĐœĐ° ŃŃĐŽ ĐČĐ·Đ°ĐžĐŒĐŸŃĐČŃĐ·Đ°ĐœĐœŃŃ
, ĐœĐŸ ĐżŃĐŸŃŃŃŃ
ŃŃĐœĐșŃĐžĐŸĐœĐ°Đ»ŃĐœŃŃ
ŃŃŃŃĐșŃŃŃ. ĐŃĐŸ ĐżĐŸĐ·ĐČĐŸĐ»ĐžŃ ĐżŃĐŸĐČĐ”ŃŃĐž ĐŽĐ”ĐșĐŸĐŒĐżĐŸĐ·ĐžŃĐžŃ ŃĐŸŃŃĐŸŃĐœĐžŃ ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒŃ ĐČĐŸĐ”ĐœĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐ°ĐŽĐžĐŸŃĐČŃĐ·Đž Đž ĐżĐŸĐČŃŃĐžŃŃ ĐŸĐżĐ”ŃĐ°ŃĐžĐČĐœĐŸŃŃŃ ĐżŃĐžĐœŃŃĐžŃ ŃĐ”ŃĐ”ĐœĐžĐč ĐżĐŸ ĐșĐŸŃŃĐ”ĐșŃĐžŃĐŸĐČĐșĐ” ŃĐ”Đ¶ĐžĐŒĐŸĐČ ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃŃ Đž паŃĐ°ĐŒĐ”ŃŃĐŸĐČ ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒŃ ĐČĐŸĐ”ĐœĐœĐŸĐč ŃĐ°ĐŽĐžĐŸŃĐČŃĐ·Đž ĐČ ŃĐ”Đ¶ĐžĐŒĐ” ŃДалŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐČŃĐ”ĐŒĐ”ĐœĐž. РДзŃĐ»ŃŃĐ°ŃŃ ĐžŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐŽĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ŃДлДŃĐŸĐŸĐ±ŃĐ°Đ·ĐœĐŸ ĐžŃĐżĐŸĐ»ŃĐ·ĐŸĐČĐ°ŃŃ ĐœĐ° ŃŃапД ĐŸĐżĐ”ŃĐ°ŃĐžĐČĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐżŃĐ°ĐČĐ»Đ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐżĐ°ŃĐ°ĐŒĐ”ŃŃĐ°ĐŒĐž Đž ŃĐ”Đ¶ĐžĐŒĐ°ĐŒĐž ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃŃ ŃĐșĐ°Đ·Đ°ĐœĐœŃŃ
ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒ.ĐŁ ŃĐŸĐ±ĐŸŃŃ ĐČĐžŃŃŃĐ”ĐœĐŸ Đ·Đ°ĐČĐŽĐ°ĐœĐœŃ ĐŸĐ±ÒŃŃĐœŃŃĐČĐ°ĐœĐœŃ ĐŒĐ”ŃĐŸĐŽĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłŃŃĐœĐžŃ
Đ·Đ°ŃĐ°ĐŽ ŃĐżŃĐ°ĐČĐ»ŃĐœĐœŃ ŃĐ°ĐŽŃĐŸŃĐ”ŃŃŃŃĐŸĐŒ ĐČŃĐčŃŃĐșĐŸĐČĐžŃ
ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒ ŃĐ°ĐŽŃĐŸĐ·ĐČâŃĐ·ĐșŃ ĐČ ŃĐŒĐŸĐČĐ°Ń
Đ°ĐżŃŃĐŸŃĐœĐŸŃ ĐœĐ”ĐČĐžĐ·ĐœĐ°ŃĐ”ĐœĐŸŃŃŃ. Đб'ŃĐșŃĐŸĐŒ ĐŽĐŸŃĐ»ŃĐŽĐ¶Đ”ĐœĐœŃ Ń ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒĐ° ĐČŃĐčŃŃĐșĐŸĐČĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐ°ĐŽŃĐŸĐ·ĐČâŃĐ·ĐșŃ. ĐĐŽĐœĐžĐŒ Đ· ĐœĐ°ĐčбŃĐ»ŃŃ ĐżŃĐŸĐ±Đ»Đ”ĐŒĐœĐžŃ
ĐŒŃŃŃŃ ĐżŃĐž ŃĐżŃĐ°ĐČĐ»ŃĐœĐœŃ ŃĐ°ĐŽŃĐŸŃĐ”ŃŃŃŃĐŸĐŒ ĐČŃĐčŃŃĐșĐŸĐČĐžŃ
ŃĐ°ĐŽŃĐŸĐŒĐ”ŃДж Ń ĐœĐ”ĐŒĐŸĐ¶Đ»ĐžĐČŃŃŃŃ ĐżŃĐŸĐČĐŸĐŽĐžŃĐž ĐœĐ°ŃĐșŃŃĐ·ĐœĐ” ŃŃŃĐ°ŃŃ
ŃŃĐœĐ” ŃĐżŃĐ°ĐČĐ»ŃĐœĐœŃ ĐżĐ°ŃĐ°ĐŒĐ”ŃŃĐ°ĐŒĐž ŃĐ° ŃĐ”Đ¶ĐžĐŒĐ°ĐŒĐž ŃĐŸĐ±ĐŸŃĐž ŃĐș ĐŸĐșŃĐ”ĐŒĐžŃ
ŃĐ°ĐŽŃĐŸĐ·Đ°ŃĐŸĐ±ŃĐČ, ŃĐ°Đș Ń ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒĐž ĐČŃĐčŃŃĐșĐŸĐČĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐ°ĐŽŃĐŸĐ·ĐČâŃĐ·ĐșŃ ĐČ ŃŃĐ»ĐŸĐŒŃ. ĐŠĐ” Đ·ĐœĐžĐ¶ŃŃ Đ”ŃĐ”ĐșŃĐžĐČĐœŃŃŃŃ ŃĐș ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸŃ ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒĐž, ŃĐ°Đș Ń Đ”ŃĐ”ĐșŃĐžĐČĐœĐŸŃŃŃ ŃŃ Đ·Đ°ŃŃĐŸŃŃĐČĐ°ĐœĐœŃ.
ĐĐ°ŃĐșĐŸĐČĐ” Đ·Đ°ĐČĐŽĐ°ĐœĐœŃ ĐČĐžŃŃŃĐ”ĐœĐŸ Đ·Đ° ĐŽĐŸĐżĐŸĐŒĐŸĐłĐŸŃ ĐŸĐ±ÒŃŃĐœŃŃĐČĐ°ĐœĐœŃ ĐŒĐ”ŃĐŸĐŽĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłŃŃĐœĐžŃ
Đ·Đ°ŃĐ°ĐŽ ŃĐżŃĐ°ĐČĐ»ŃĐœĐœŃ ŃĐ°ĐŽŃĐŸŃĐ”ŃŃŃŃĐŸĐŒ ĐČŃĐčŃŃĐșĐŸĐČĐžŃ
ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒ ŃĐ°ĐŽŃĐŸĐ·ĐČâŃĐ·ĐșŃ ĐČ ŃĐŒĐŸĐČĐ°Ń
Đ°ĐżŃŃĐŸŃĐœĐŸŃ ĐœĐ”ĐČĐžĐ·ĐœĐ°ŃĐ”ĐœĐŸŃŃŃ. Đ Ń
ĐŸĐŽŃ ĐżŃĐŸĐČĐ”ĐŽĐ”ĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐŽĐŸŃĐ»ŃĐŽĐ¶Đ”ĐœĐœŃ Đ°ĐČŃĐŸŃĐ°ĐŒĐž ŃĐŸĐ±ĐŸŃĐž бŃлО ĐČĐžĐșĐŸŃĐžŃŃĐ°ĐœŃ ĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐČĐœŃ ĐżĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐ¶Đ”ĐœĐœŃ ŃĐ”ĐŸŃŃŃ ĐŒĐ°ŃĐŸĐČĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐŸĐ±ŃĐ»ŃĐłĐŸĐČŃĐČĐ°ĐœĐœŃ, ŃĐ”ĐŸŃŃŃ Đ°ĐČŃĐŸĐŒĐ°ŃОзаŃŃŃ, ŃĐ”ĐŸŃŃŃ ŃĐșĐ»Đ°ĐŽĐœĐžŃ
ŃĐ”Ń
ĐœŃŃĐœĐžŃ
ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒ, Đ° ŃĐ°ĐșĐŸĐ¶ загалŃĐœĐŸĐœĐ°ŃĐșĐŸĐČŃ ĐŒĐ”ŃĐŸĐŽĐž ĐżŃĐ·ĐœĐ°ĐœĐœŃ, Đ° ŃĐ°ĐŒĐ” Đ°ĐœĐ°Đ»ŃĐ·Ń ŃĐ° ŃĐžĐœŃДзŃ. ĐĐŸĐČĐžĐ·ĐœĐ° ĐżĐŸĐ»ŃĐłĐ°Ń ĐČ ŃĐŸĐŒŃ, ŃĐŸ ĐČ Ń
ĐŸĐŽŃ ŃĐŸĐ±ĐŸŃĐž:
â ŃŃĐŸŃĐŒŃĐ»ŃĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐ° ĐŒĐ”ŃĐ° ŃŃĐœĐșŃŃĐŸĐœŃĐČĐ°ĐœĐœŃ ĐżŃĐŽŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒĐž ĐŸĐżĐ”ŃĐ°ŃĐžĐČĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐżŃĐ°ĐČĐ»ŃĐœĐœŃ ŃĐ°ĐŽŃĐŸŃĐ”ŃŃŃŃĐŸĐŒ ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒ ĐČŃĐčŃŃĐșĐŸĐČĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐ°ĐŽŃĐŸĐ·ĐČâŃĐ·ĐșŃ;
â ĐČĐžĐ·ĐœĐ°ŃĐ”ĐœŃ ĐżĐŸĐșĐ°Đ·ĐœĐžĐșĐž ŃĐ° ĐșŃĐžŃĐ”ŃŃŃ Đ”ŃĐ”ĐșŃĐžĐČĐœĐŸŃŃŃ ŃŃĐœĐșŃŃĐŸĐœŃĐČĐ°ĐœĐœŃ ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒ ĐČŃĐčŃŃĐșĐŸĐČĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐ°ĐŽŃĐŸĐ·ĐČâŃĐ·ĐșŃ;
â ĐżŃĐŸĐČĐ”ĐŽĐ”ĐœĐ° ĐŽĐ”ĐșĐŸĐŒĐżĐŸĐ·ĐžŃŃŃ ŃŃŃĐ”ĐœĐœŃ ĐŽĐ°ĐœĐŸŃ ĐżŃĐŸĐ±Đ»Đ”ĐŒĐž ĐœĐ° Đ·Đ°ĐŽĐ°ŃŃ ĐČ Đ·Đ°Đ»Đ”Đ¶ĐœĐŸŃŃŃ ĐČŃĐŽ ŃĐžĐłĐœĐ°Đ»ŃĐœĐŸŃ ŃĐ° Đ·Đ°ĐČĐ°ĐŽĐŸĐČĐŸŃ ĐŸĐ±ŃŃĐ°ĐœĐŸĐČĐșĐž.
ĐĐ»Ń ŃŃĐœĐșŃŃĐŸĐœĐ°Đ»ŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐŸĐżĐžŃŃ ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒ ĐČŃĐčŃŃĐșĐŸĐČĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐ°ĐŽŃĐŸĐ·ĐČâŃĐ·ĐșŃ Đ·Đ°ŃŃĐŸŃĐŸĐČŃŃŃŃŃŃ ĐżŃĐŽŃ
ŃĐŽ, Đ·Đ°ŃĐœĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžĐč ĐœĐ° ŃŃŃĐ°ŃŃ
ŃŃĐœŃĐč ĐŽĐ”ĐșĐŸĐŒĐżĐŸĐ·ĐžŃŃŃ ŃŃĐœĐșŃŃĐŸĐœĐ°Đ»ŃĐœĐŸŃ ŃŃŃŃĐșŃŃŃĐž ĐŒĐ”ŃДж, ĐżĐŸĐČДЎŃĐœĐșĐ° ŃĐșĐžŃ
ĐŸĐżĐžŃŃŃŃŃŃŃ ŃŃĐŸŃ
Đ°ŃŃĐžŃĐœĐžĐŒĐž ĐŽĐžŃĐ”ŃĐ”ĐœŃŃĐ°Đ»ŃĐœĐžĐŒĐž (Đ°Đ±ĐŸ ŃŃĐ·ĐœĐžŃĐ”ĐČĐžĐŒĐž) ŃŃĐČĐœŃĐœĐœŃĐŒĐž ŃŃĐ°ĐœŃ ĐČĐžŃĐŸĐșĐŸŃ ŃĐŸĐ·ĐŒŃŃĐœĐŸŃŃŃ, ĐœĐ° ŃŃĐŽ ĐČĐ·Đ°ŃĐŒĐŸĐżĐŸĐČâŃĐ·Đ°ĐœĐžŃ
, алД ĐżŃĐŸŃŃŃŃĐžŃ
ŃŃĐœĐșŃŃĐŸĐœĐ°Đ»ŃĐœĐžŃ
ŃŃŃŃĐșŃŃŃ. ĐŠĐ” ĐŽĐŸĐ·ĐČĐŸĐ»ĐžŃŃ ĐżŃĐŸĐČĐ”ŃŃĐž ĐŽĐ”ĐșĐŸĐŒĐżĐŸĐ·ĐžŃŃŃ ŃŃĐ°ĐœŃ ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒĐž ĐČŃĐčŃŃĐșĐŸĐČĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐ°ĐŽŃĐŸĐ·ĐČâŃĐ·ĐșŃ ŃĐ° ĐżŃĐŽĐČĐžŃĐžŃĐž ĐŸĐżĐ”ŃĐ°ŃĐžĐČĐœŃŃŃŃ ĐżŃĐžĐčĐœŃŃŃŃ ŃŃŃĐ”ĐœŃ ŃĐŸĐŽĐŸ ĐșĐŸŃДгŃĐČĐ°ĐœĐœŃ ŃĐ”Đ¶ĐžĐŒŃĐČ ŃĐŸĐ±ĐŸŃĐž ŃĐ° паŃĐ°ĐŒĐ”ŃŃŃĐČ ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒĐž ĐČŃĐčŃŃĐșĐŸĐČĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐ°ĐŽŃĐŸĐ·ĐČâŃĐ·ĐșŃ ĐČ ŃĐ”Đ¶ĐžĐŒŃ ŃДалŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐ°ŃŃ. РДзŃĐ»ŃŃĐ°ŃĐž ĐŽĐŸŃĐ»ŃĐŽĐ¶Đ”ĐœĐœŃ ĐŽĐŸŃŃĐ»ŃĐœĐŸ ĐČĐžĐșĐŸŃĐžŃŃĐŸĐČŃĐČĐ°ŃĐž ĐœĐ° Đ”ŃĐ°ĐżŃ ĐŸĐżĐ”ŃĐ°ŃĐžĐČĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐżŃĐ°ĐČĐ»ŃĐœĐœŃ ĐżĐ°ŃĐ°ĐŒĐ”ŃŃĐ°ĐŒĐž ŃĐ° ŃĐ”Đ¶ĐžĐŒĐ°ĐŒĐž ŃĐŸĐ±ĐŸŃĐž Đ·Đ°Đ·ĐœĐ°ŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ
ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒ
ĐŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐŽĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžĐ” ĐŸĐ±ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃĐșĐž ĐŸŃĐČĐ”ŃŃŃĐžĐč ĐČ ĐșĐŸĐŒĐżĐŸĐ·ĐžŃĐžĐŸĐœĐœŃŃ ĐŒĐ°ŃĐ”ŃĐžĐ°Đ»Đ°Ń Đž ŃĐŒĐ”ŃĐ°ĐœĐœŃŃ ĐżĐ°ĐșĐ”ŃĐ°Ń ĐœĐ° ĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐČĐ” ĐžĐŒĐžŃĐ°ŃĐžĐŸĐœĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐŒĐŸĐŽĐ”Đ»ĐžŃĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃĐžŃ ĐżŃĐŸŃĐ”ŃŃĐŸĐČ
Đ ĐŸŃŃĐ”ŃĐ” ŃĐ°ŃŃĐŒĐŸŃŃĐ”ĐœŃ ŃазлОŃĐœŃĐ” Đ°ŃпДĐșŃŃ ŃĐ”Ń
ĐœĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłĐžĐž ĐŒĐ”Ń
Đ°ĐœĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐŸĐč
ĐŸĐ±ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃĐșĐž ĐŸŃĐČĐ”ŃŃŃĐžĐč ĐČ ŃĐŒĐ”ŃĐ°ĐœĐœŃŃ
паĐșĐ”ŃĐ°Ń
ĐŒĐ”Ńалл-ŃглДплаŃŃĐžĐș. ĐĐ°ŃŃĐŸĐœŃŃŃ ĐČĐŸĐżŃĐŸŃŃ ĐČлОŃĐœĐžŃ ŃазлОŃĐœŃŃ
ŃĐ°ĐșŃĐŸŃĐŸĐČ ĐœĐ° ĐžĐ·ĐœĐŸŃ ĐžĐœŃŃŃŃĐŒĐ”ĐœŃĐ° Đž ĐșĐ°ŃĐ”ŃŃĐČĐŸ ĐŸĐ±ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃĐ°ĐœĐœĐŸĐč ĐżĐŸĐČĐ”ŃŃ
ĐœĐŸŃŃĐž ĐżŃĐž ŃĐČĐ”ŃĐ»Đ”ĐœĐžĐž. ĐŃĐŸĐČĐ”ĐŽĐ”ĐœŃ ĐžŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐŽĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ĐŒĐ”Ń
Đ°ĐœĐžĐ·ĐŒĐŸĐČ ŃĐ°Đ·ŃŃŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐŸĐ±ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃĐ°ĐœĐœĐŸĐč ĐżĐŸĐČĐ”ŃŃ
ĐœĐŸŃŃĐž ĐżŃĐž ŃазлОŃĐœŃŃ
ŃŃ
Đ”ĐŒĐ°Ń
ĐŸĐ±ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃĐșĐž ĐĐĐĐ. ĐŃĐżĐŸĐ»ĐœĐ”ĐœĐŸ ĐžĐŒĐžŃĐ°ŃĐžĐŸĐœĐœĐŸĐ” ĐŒĐŸĐŽĐ”Đ»ĐžŃĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžĐ” ĐżŃĐŸŃĐ”ŃŃĐ° ŃĐČĐ”ŃĐ»Đ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐĐĐĐ ĐČ ĐłĐ»Đ°ĐČĐœĐŸĐč ŃĐ”ĐșŃŃĐ”Đč ĐżĐ»ĐŸŃĐșĐŸŃŃĐž глаĐČĐœŃŃ
ŃДжŃŃĐžŃ
ĐșŃĐŸĐŒĐŸĐș Đž ĐŸĐżŃĐ”ĐŽĐ”Đ»Đ”ĐœŃ ĐœĐ°ĐžĐ±ĐŸĐ»Đ”Đ” Đ±Đ»Đ°ĐłĐŸĐżŃĐžŃŃĐœŃĐ” ŃŃ
Đ”ĐŒŃ ŃĐ”Đ·Đ°ĐœĐžŃ.
ĐŃĐž ŃĐžŃĐžŃĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžĐž ĐŽĐŸĐșŃĐŒĐ”ĐœŃĐ°, ĐžŃĐżĐŸĐ»ŃĐ·ŃĐčŃĐ” ŃŃŃĐ»ĐșŃ http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3525
Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at âs = 13 TeV
Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (dÌ t) and chromomagnetic (ÎŒÌ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fbâ1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ÂŻ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ÂŻ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048â0.087+0.095(stat)â0.029+0.020(syst),ÎŒÌt=â0.024â0.009+0.013(stat)â0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | dÌ t| < 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.
Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV
A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe
MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV
Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe
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