Move ordering and communities in complex networks describing the game of go

We analyze the game of go from the point of view of complex networks. We construct three different directed networks of increasing complexity, defining nodes as local patterns on plaquettes of increasing sizes, and links as actual successions of these patterns in databases of real games. We discuss the peculiarities of these networks compared to other types of networks. We explore the ranking vectors and community structure of the networks and show that this approach enables to extract groups of moves with common strategic properties. We also investigate different networks built from games with players of different levels or from different phases of the game. We discuss how the study of the community structure of these networks may help to improve the computer simulations of the game. More generally, we believe such studies may help to improve the understanding of human decision process.Comment: 14 pages, 21 figure

Periodic orbits contribution to the 2-point correlation form factor for pseudo-integrable systems

The 2-point correlation form factor, $K_2(\tau)$, for small values of $\tau$ is computed analytically for typical examples of pseudo-integrable systems. This is done by explicit calculation of periodic orbit contributions in the diagonal approximation. The following cases are considered: (i) plane billiards in the form of right triangles with one angle $\pi/n$ and (ii) rectangular billiards with the Aharonov-Bohm flux line. In the first model, using the properties of the Veech structure, it is shown that $K_2(0)=(n+\epsilon(n))/(3(n-2))$ where $\epsilon(n)=0$ for odd $n$, $\epsilon(n)=2$ for even $n$ not divisible by 3, and $\epsilon(n)=6$ for even $n$ divisible by 3. For completeness we also recall informally the main features of the Veech construction. In the second model the answer depends on arithmetical properties of ratios of flux line coordinates to the corresponding sides of the rectangle. When these ratios are non-commensurable irrational numbers, $K_2(0)=1-3\bar{\alpha}+4\bar{\alpha}^2$ where $\bar{\alpha}$ is the fractional part of the flux through the rectangle when $0\le \bar{\alpha}\le 1/2$ and it is symmetric with respect to the line $\bar{\alpha}=1/2$ when $1/2 \le \bar{\alpha}\le 1$. The comparison of these results with numerical calculations of the form factor is discussed in detail. The above values of $K_2(0)$ differ from all known examples of spectral statistics, thus confirming analytically the peculiarities of statistical properties of the energy levels in pseudo-integrable systems.Comment: 61 pages, 13 figures. Submitted to Communications in Mathematical Physics, 200

Integrable random matrix ensembles

We propose new classes of random matrix ensembles whose statistical properties are intermediate between statistics of Wigner-Dyson random matrices and Poisson statistics. The construction is based on integrable N-body classical systems with a random distribution of momenta and coordinates of the particles. The Lax matrices of these systems yield random matrix ensembles whose joint distribution of eigenvalues can be calculated analytically thanks to integrability of the underlying system. Formulas for spacing distributions and level compressibility are obtained for various instances of such ensembles.Comment: 32 pages, 8 figure

Distinguishing humans from computers in the game of go: a complex network approach

We compare complex networks built from the game of go and obtained from databases of human-played games with those obtained from computer-played games. Our investigations show that statistical features of the human-based networks and the computer-based networks differ, and that these differences can be statistically significant on a relatively small number of games using specific estimators. We show that the deterministic or stochastic nature of the computer algorithm playing the game can also be distinguished from these quantities. This can be seen as tool to implement a Turing-like test for go simulators.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure

Eigenfunction entropy and spectral compressibility for critical random matrix ensembles

Based on numerical and perturbation series arguments we conjecture that for certain critical random matrix models the information dimension of eigenfunctions D_1 and the spectral compressibility chi are related by the simple equation chi+D_1/d=1, where d is the system dimensionality.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Quantum computation of multifractal exponents through the quantum wavelet transform

We study the use of the quantum wavelet transform to extract efficiently information about the multifractal exponents for multifractal quantum states. We show that, combined with quantum simulation algorithms, it enables to build quantum algorithms for multifractal exponents with a polynomial gain compared to classical simulations. Numerical results indicate that a rough estimate of fractality could be obtained exponentially fast. Our findings are relevant e.g. for quantum simulations of multifractal quantum maps and of the Anderson model at the metal-insulator transition.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figure

Multifractal dimensions for all moments for certain critical random matrix ensembles in the strong multifractality regime

We construct perturbation series for the q-th moment of eigenfunctions of various critical random matrix ensembles in the strong multifractality regime close to localization. Contrary to previous investigations, our results are valid in the region q<1/2. Our findings allow to verify, at first leading orders in the strong multifractality limit, the symmetry relation for anomalous fractal dimensions Delta(q)=Delta(1-q), recently conjectured for critical models where an analogue of the metal-insulator transition takes place. It is known that this relation is verified at leading order in the weak multifractality regime. Our results thus indicate that this symmetry holds in both limits of small and large coupling constant. For general values of the coupling constant we present careful numerical verifications of this symmetry relation for different critical random matrix ensembles. We also present an example of a system closely related to one of these critical ensembles, but where the symmetry relation, at least numerically, is not fulfilled.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figure

Multifractality and intermediate statistics in quantum maps

We study multifractal properties of wave functions for a one-parameter family of quantum maps displaying the whole range of spectral statistics intermediate between integrable and chaotic statistics. We perform extensive numerical computations and provide analytical arguments showing that the generalized fractal dimensions are directly related to the parameter of the underlying classical map, and thus to other properties such as spectral statistics. Our results could be relevant for Anderson and quantum Hall transitions, where wave functions also show multifractality.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure