Changes in Land, Ocean, Atmospheric Parameters Associated with the 2025 Myanmar (Mw 7.7) Earthquake

Abstract

Multiple parameters associated with the land, atmosphere, and ocean were analyzed to study short-term and immediate pre-earthquake changes associated with the 28 March 2025 Myanmar earthquake (Mw 7.7). Anomalous clear-sky outgoing longwave radiation (ClrOLR) and trace gases (CH₄, CO, and O₃) were detected within two months prior to the mainshock. Vertical changes at different pressure levels suggest a possible underground source. High-temporal-resolution observations of the infrared brightness temperature and surface air pressure revealed short-lived fluctuations shortly before the earthquake, which may reflect localized stress adjustments and surface latent heat flux release during the final stage of earthquake preparation. In the oceanic region along the seismogenic fault, vertical variations at depths in chlorophyll-a concentration, sea potential temperature, and salinity indicate possible near-coseismic responses. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of sea surface chlorophyll-a, suspended particulate matter, sea surface temperature, precipitation, wind speed, and buoy data was conducted to improve the understanding of earthquake-related changes in oceanic parameters. Our findings reveal notable multigeosphere phenomena associated with major earthquakes and highlight the necessity of further integrated observations to deepen our understanding of strong coupling among Earth systems