Self-Healing Mechanisms and Performance of Calcium Sulfoaluminate (CSA) Cement Based Concrete: A Review

Abstract

Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement has emerged as a promising alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) due to its lower carbon footprint, rapid strength development, and excellent durability. One of its notable advantages is the potential for self-healing, which is crucial for extending the service life of concrete structures and reducing maintenance costs. This review explores the self-healing mechanisms and performance of CSA cement-based concrete. Key factors influencing self-healing include expansive hydration products such as ettringite, which can fill microcracks and restore mechanical integrity. Additionally, the high sulfate content in CSA cement promotes continued hydration and recrystallization, especially in the presence of moisture. Various studies have demonstrated that CSA concrete exhibits superior crack-sealing capabilities compared to OPC systems, particularly under wet–dry cycling and immersion conditions. The review also discusses the role of supplementary materials and admixtures in enhancing self-healing efficiency. While CSA cement shows significant promise, challenges remain in standardizing testing methods and optimizing mix designs for specific applications. Overall, CSA concrete's self-healing potential makes it a viable candidate for sustainable, durable infrastructure in future construction practices