Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components Among Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Single-Center Prospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Background: There are shared pathophysiological pathways between background of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which are based on insulin resistance and chronic low-grade inflammation. The early cardiovascular risk stratification and intervention are vital in identifying the prevalence and pattern of the MetS components at the time of diabetes diagnosis. Objective: To establish the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components per se amongst newly diagnosed T2DM patients in a tertiary care unit. Methods: This prospective cohort study recruited 420 recent T2DM patients in a span of 18 months. The harmonized criteria of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the American Heart Association/ National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) Joint Interim Statement (2009) were used to define MetS. Anthropometric measurements, lipid profile on fasting, blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose were measured. Statistical analyses were done using chi-square tests, independent t-tests, and multivariate logistic regression. Findings: The prevalence of MetS totaled 73.1 (307/420). The most common (81.4) elements of MetS were central obesity and elevated levels of fasting plasma glucose (100% by definition), hypertriglyceridemia (62.1), low levels of HDL cholesterol (58.8), and high blood pressure (55.7). The prevalence of MetS was significantly greater among the female patients than it was among the male ones (79.8% vs. 66.9, p = 0.004). There was a multivariate analysis that showed that female sex (OR 2.14; 95% CI 1.343.42), BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 (OR 3.87; 95% CI 2.283.67), and age 50 years or older (OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.112.67) were independent predictors of MetS. Conclusion: Almost three-quarters of the newly diagnosed T2DM patients had metabolic syndrome. The enormous central obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension occurrence at the time of diabetes diagnosis all highlight the importance of multifactorial risk management and ardent multifactorial multimetabolite screening in the initial stages